长距离输气管道项目投资控制研究
摘要
建设项目的投资控制是一个非常复杂的问题，涉及项目实施的各个阶段，侧重点也各有不同。在项目前期设计及施工阶段等必须统筹兼顾，有所侧重，对项目各方面因素进行总体考虑，从而达到科学地控制项目投资的目的。
建设项目投资控制在德国、法国、加拿大等国家均有很多经验，根据各自的实际情况均各有不同。我国的建设项目投资控制工作伴随市场经济发展而来，在计价依据、计价方法、造价管理等方面存在问题，造成特有的“三超”现象。
我国能源结构改变过程中天然气输送管道发展迅速，伴随而来的是投资效益问题。合理确定、有效控制和管理投资对项目的经济效益和社会效益均有重要意义。长输管道项目通常线路长、路途地况复杂多变、“三穿”及沿途补偿投资额大且不确定因素多，投资控制和管理难度大，科学的投资控制和管理显得尤为重要。本文将结合天然气长输管道类项目特点，结合实际项目，对工程设计阶段、施工阶段的投资控制进行研究。
通过对天然气长输管道项目投资控制研究，运用价值工程、限额设计、管理沟通等相关理论，对项目投资控制提出解决办法，利于建设项目实施各阶段在投资方面的合理确定、有效控制和管理。
The investment control of the construct project is a very complicated problem, involving each stage during all courses of project execution and having different emphasis on each one. The enterprise must make an overall plan by taking all factors into consideration and carrying out dynamic management at the stages of project prophase, such as design and construction etc. By employing resources of all aspects and making total consideration integrating with all elements of the project can control the project investment systematically.
Germany, France, Canada etc. have accumulated abundant experience in this aspect. Meanwhile they lay different emphasis on their own practices of various countries about the investment control and management of the construct project. The investment control and management of the construct project in our country has developed with the market economy, but there are some problems in the aspects of the cost evidences and methods and investment management, all these lead to the appearance of the particular "there excess" phenomenon.
During the restruction of energy source structure of our country, the industry of gas pipeline transportation has developed rapidly, and followed is the rising of the problem of investment benefit. To determine reasonably, control efficiently and investment management all have important meaning either to the economic benefit of the project or to the social benefit. The long distance, the complex and variable landform along the pipeline, the large investment in the compensation for going through river, road and railway and also along the line there are lots of uncertain factors, all these add difficulties to the investment control of the gas transmission pipeline project. So the scientific investment control is very important.
Having done some research in the investment control of the of the construct project, using theory of VE and theory of management comunication to solve sone problems. All these will make benefit to the determination, control, and management of the investment in all stages of the project construction.
建设项目投资控制在德国、法国、加拿大等国家均有很多经验，根据各自的实际情况均各有不同。我国的建设项目投资控制工作伴随市场经济发展而来，在计价依据、计价方法、造价管理等方面存在问题，造成特有的“三超”现象。
我国能源结构改变过程中天然气输送管道发展迅速，伴随而来的是投资效益问题。合理确定、有效控制和管理投资对项目的经济效益和社会效益均有重要意义。长输管道项目通常线路长、路途地况复杂多变、“三穿”及沿途补偿投资额大且不确定因素多，投资控制和管理难度大，科学的投资控制和管理显得尤为重要。本文将结合天然气长输管道类项目特点，结合实际项目，对工程设计阶段、施工阶段的投资控制进行研究。
通过对天然气长输管道项目投资控制研究，运用价值工程、限额设计、管理沟通等相关理论，对项目投资控制提出解决办法，利于建设项目实施各阶段在投资方面的合理确定、有效控制和管理。
The investment control of the construct project is a very complicated problem, involving each stage during all courses of project execution and having different emphasis on each one. The enterprise must make an overall plan by taking all factors into consideration and carrying out dynamic management at the stages of project prophase, such as design and construction etc. By employing resources of all aspects and making total consideration integrating with all elements of the project can control the project investment systematically.
Germany, France, Canada etc. have accumulated abundant experience in this aspect. Meanwhile they lay different emphasis on their own practices of various countries about the investment control and management of the construct project. The investment control and management of the construct project in our country has developed with the market economy, but there are some problems in the aspects of the cost evidences and methods and investment management, all these lead to the appearance of the particular "there excess" phenomenon.
During the restruction of energy source structure of our country, the industry of gas pipeline transportation has developed rapidly, and followed is the rising of the problem of investment benefit. To determine reasonably, control efficiently and investment management all have important meaning either to the economic benefit of the project or to the social benefit. The long distance, the complex and variable landform along the pipeline, the large investment in the compensation for going through river, road and railway and also along the line there are lots of uncertain factors, all these add difficulties to the investment control of the gas transmission pipeline project. So the scientific investment control is very important.
Having done some research in the investment control of the of the construct project, using theory of VE and theory of management comunication to solve sone problems. All these will make benefit to the determination, control, and management of the investment in all stages of the project construction.
引文
(1) 李华起，刘爱国．中国天然气利用发展趋势和政策趋向．《国际石油经济》，2002，6：27
(2) 吴士勤，陈四祥．2001年中国天然气工业综述．《石油工程造价管理》，2002，6：18
(3) 徐大图．《工程造价的确定与控制》．中国计划出版社，1997
(4) 罗鼎林．《国内外建设工程的造价确定与控制》．化学工业出版，1997．258-266
(5) 张抗．从三分钱的争论看气价对中国天然气发展的影响．《国际石油经济》，2002，7：30
(6) 戚安邦．《现代项目管理》．对外经济贸易大学出版社，2001．
(7) 尹贻林．《工程造价管理相关知识》．中国计划出版社，1997．127-132
(8) 许建军．应用动态控制技术控制管道建设项目投资．《石油工程造价管理》，2002，1：43
(9) 张国强．加强设计阶段造价管理，提高投资效益．《石油工程造价管理》，2000，2：43
(10) 吴忠良．对加快我国油气管道运输业发展的战略思考．《国际石油经济》，2002，10：36
(11) 安郁培．我国三大石油公司的天然气发展战略．《国际石油经济》，2002，6：30
(12) 国际能源署(IEA)．中国能源展望，世界能源展望，2002，18-21
(13) 陈述云．建设项目造价控制的几个环节．《石油工程造价管理》，2000，2：43
(14) 于守法，和宏明等．《投资项目可行性研究方法与案例实用手册》．地震出版社，2002．219～221
(15) 西气东输工程前期及设计资料
(16) 沧淄线前期及设计资料(2002．10)
(17) 永秦线前期及设计资料(2003．3)
(18) 《陕京输气管道系统工程总结评价》(2002．3)、《陕京输气管道工程后评价报告》(2002．6．28)
(19) 《鄯善-乌鲁木齐输气管道工程自我评价报告》(2002．10)
(20) Henry Malcolm Steiner. Engineering economic principles [B].1999
(21) Phil holmes. Ivestment Appraisal.[C] London: International Thomson Publishing Inc., 1998.
(22) Lumby, S. Ivestment Appraisal and Financial Decisions, London: International Thomson Business Press. 1991
(23) Newnan, Donald G. Engineering economic Analysia. 4th ed. San Jose, CA: Engineering Press. 1991
(24) Park, Chans. Contemporary Engineeringeconomics, Reading, MA: Addison-wesley, 1993
(25) William A. Ward, Barry J. Deren. The Economics of Project Analysis, EDI Technical Materials, 1991
(2) 吴士勤，陈四祥．2001年中国天然气工业综述．《石油工程造价管理》，2002，6：18
(3) 徐大图．《工程造价的确定与控制》．中国计划出版社，1997
(4) 罗鼎林．《国内外建设工程的造价确定与控制》．化学工业出版，1997．258-266
(5) 张抗．从三分钱的争论看气价对中国天然气发展的影响．《国际石油经济》，2002，7：30
(6) 戚安邦．《现代项目管理》．对外经济贸易大学出版社，2001．
(7) 尹贻林．《工程造价管理相关知识》．中国计划出版社，1997．127-132
(8) 许建军．应用动态控制技术控制管道建设项目投资．《石油工程造价管理》，2002，1：43
(9) 张国强．加强设计阶段造价管理，提高投资效益．《石油工程造价管理》，2000，2：43
(10) 吴忠良．对加快我国油气管道运输业发展的战略思考．《国际石油经济》，2002，10：36
(11) 安郁培．我国三大石油公司的天然气发展战略．《国际石油经济》，2002，6：30
(12) 国际能源署(IEA)．中国能源展望，世界能源展望，2002，18-21
(13) 陈述云．建设项目造价控制的几个环节．《石油工程造价管理》，2000，2：43
(14) 于守法，和宏明等．《投资项目可行性研究方法与案例实用手册》．地震出版社，2002．219～221
(15) 西气东输工程前期及设计资料
(16) 沧淄线前期及设计资料(2002．10)
(17) 永秦线前期及设计资料(2003．3)
(18) 《陕京输气管道系统工程总结评价》(2002．3)、《陕京输气管道工程后评价报告》(2002．6．28)
(19) 《鄯善-乌鲁木齐输气管道工程自我评价报告》(2002．10)
(20) Henry Malcolm Steiner. Engineering economic principles [B].1999
(21) Phil holmes. Ivestment Appraisal.[C] London: International Thomson Publishing Inc., 1998.
(22) Lumby, S. Ivestment Appraisal and Financial Decisions, London: International Thomson Business Press. 1991
(23) Newnan, Donald G. Engineering economic Analysia. 4th ed. San Jose, CA: Engineering Press. 1991
(24) Park, Chans. Contemporary Engineeringeconomics, Reading, MA: Addison-wesley, 1993
(25) William A. Ward, Barry J. Deren. The Economics of Project Analysis, EDI Technical Materials, 1991