评克鲁格曼理论对区域经济学的新贡献
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摘要
在20世纪50年代适应国际与各国内部地域分工的深化，从经济学和生产布局学中脱胎出来的一门新兴学科——区域经济学，到今天已经发展成为“具有坚定的研究方向和巨大研究潜力的成熟的经济学科之一”。韦伯、迈达尔、赫什曼、艾萨德、屠能、克里斯塔勒、廖什……这些人的名字紧密地和区域经济学的发展联系在一起。然而，有一位长期以来都不知道自己是在区域经济学的国际经济学家，我们同样也不该将他遗忘，他就是保罗·克鲁格曼。
本文总结了他对区域理论发展的贡献，系统地梳理了克氏区域经济的理论源头和理论基础，上升到从方法论上理解主流经济学与区域经济学在分析工具上的差异，导致区域经济学学科长期游离于主流经济学之外的根本原因的分析。
本文行文的基本架构是：第一部分回顾了克鲁格曼的经济学研究历程，其中介绍了他的主要研究领域、主要著作以及主要创新。第二部分介绍了克鲁格曼对五大传统区域经济理论的审视，第三部分重点研究克鲁格曼理论对区域经济学的贡献并评述了其现实意义。第四部分分析了克鲁格曼区域经济研究的方法、工具与范式。最后论及了区域经济学学科边缘化问题。
With the deeper division in international and domestic department region in the fifties of the 20th century, a new subject is born out of economics and production distribution -Regional Economics, which has already developed "one of the economic fields with firm research direction and maturity of enormous research potentiality ". Weber, G..Myradal, Hirshman, W.Isard, Thunen, W.Christaller and Losch whose names have been closely linked to the development of regional economics. However, we should not forget one who hasn't known for a long time that himself is the international economist in regional economics. He is Paul Krugman.
This text summarizes Paul Krugman's contribution to the theory of regional economy, combed Paul Krugman's theoretical origin and foundation of the regional economy systematically, understand the difference in analysis tools between major economics and regional economics with methodology, analyze the basic reason that has caused regional economics to dissociate from major economics for a long time.
The basic framework of the text is: First part reviews Krugman's economics research course, and introduce his dominating research field, primary work and main innovation. The second part introduces Krugman's thinking about the five traditional regional economic theories. The third part will mainly study the contribution of Krugman's research to regional economy and comment it's realistic meaning ,. The fourth part analyses Krugman's regional economic research method , tool and normal form. The last part deals with the regional economics area's marginalisation question.
本文总结了他对区域理论发展的贡献，系统地梳理了克氏区域经济的理论源头和理论基础，上升到从方法论上理解主流经济学与区域经济学在分析工具上的差异，导致区域经济学学科长期游离于主流经济学之外的根本原因的分析。
本文行文的基本架构是：第一部分回顾了克鲁格曼的经济学研究历程，其中介绍了他的主要研究领域、主要著作以及主要创新。第二部分介绍了克鲁格曼对五大传统区域经济理论的审视，第三部分重点研究克鲁格曼理论对区域经济学的贡献并评述了其现实意义。第四部分分析了克鲁格曼区域经济研究的方法、工具与范式。最后论及了区域经济学学科边缘化问题。
With the deeper division in international and domestic department region in the fifties of the 20th century, a new subject is born out of economics and production distribution -Regional Economics, which has already developed "one of the economic fields with firm research direction and maturity of enormous research potentiality ". Weber, G..Myradal, Hirshman, W.Isard, Thunen, W.Christaller and Losch whose names have been closely linked to the development of regional economics. However, we should not forget one who hasn't known for a long time that himself is the international economist in regional economics. He is Paul Krugman.
This text summarizes Paul Krugman's contribution to the theory of regional economy, combed Paul Krugman's theoretical origin and foundation of the regional economy systematically, understand the difference in analysis tools between major economics and regional economics with methodology, analyze the basic reason that has caused regional economics to dissociate from major economics for a long time.
The basic framework of the text is: First part reviews Krugman's economics research course, and introduce his dominating research field, primary work and main innovation. The second part introduces Krugman's thinking about the five traditional regional economic theories. The third part will mainly study the contribution of Krugman's research to regional economy and comment it's realistic meaning ,. The fourth part analyses Krugman's regional economic research method , tool and normal form. The last part deals with the regional economics area's marginalisation question.
引文
1 刘向民：“保罗·克鲁格曼及其经济理论”，经济学动态，1997．2
2 刘安国、杨开忠：“克鲁格曼的多中心城市空间自组织模型评析”，地理科学，2001．8
3 李小建：“20世纪经济地理学发展及研究特点”[J] 人文地理，1998，13(4)，5-9
4 李小建、李庆春：“克鲁格曼的主要经济地理学观点分析”，地理科学进展，1999．6
5 范剑勇、杨丙见：“美国早期制造业集中的转变及其对中国西部开发的启示”，经济研究，2002．8
6 范剑勇：2002：“地理条件与中国地区经济增长差异，1978—1999”，复旦大学经济学系博士论文打印稿。
7 James,Joh,1983, "Structural Change in American Manufacturing, 1850-1920" Journal of Economic History No.2
8 Meyer, David R,1989, " Midwetern Industrialization and the American Manufacuring Belt in the Nineteenth Century" ,Journal of Economic History 49: 921-938
9 Kim,Sukkoo,1998, "Intergration and Convergrence:U.S.Regions, 1840-1987" , Journal of Economic History vol 58,No.3:659-683
10 Krugman,P.R., 1981, "Intra-industry Specialization and the Gains from Trade." J.P.E.89:959-973
11 Meyer, David R.I983, "Emergence of the American Manufacuring Belt :an Interpretation" ,Journal of Economic History 9 : 145-174
12 Krugman,P.R.,1979, " Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition,and International Trade" ,Journal of International Economics
13 Krugman,P.R.,1980, "Scale Economics .Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade" ,American Economic Review
1 保罗·克鲁格曼：《地理和贸易》(《Geography and Trade》：Cambridge，MIT Press，1991)
2 保罗·克鲁格曼：《发展、地理和经济理论》(《Development，Geography，and Economic Theory》：Cambridge，MIT Press，1995)
3 保罗·克鲁格曼：《空间经济》(《The spatial Economy》：Cambridge，Massachusetts Press，1999)
4 保罗·克鲁格曼：Increasing returns and economic geography．Journal of Political Economy，1991，99：483—499”
5 保罗·克鲁格曼：《萧条经济学的回归》，北京，中国人民大学出版社，1999
6 保罗·克鲁格曼：Krugman P．On the relationship between trade theory and locmion theory．Review of International Economics，1993，1：110-122
7 埃尔赫南·赫尔普曼，保罗·克鲁格曼：《市场结构和对外贸易》，上海：上海三联书店，1993
8 约翰·冯·杜能(1826)，《孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系》[M]，商务印书馆，1986
9 吴建伟 国际贸易的比较优势的定量分析[M]．上海：上海三联书店
10 Martin R, Sunley P.Paul krugman's geographical economics and its implications for regional development theory : a critical assessment.Economic Geography, 1996,72(3):259-292
11 Krugman.P.The Self—organizing Economy[M].Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd., 1996
12 Fujita,M.,Krugman & A.J.Venables. The Spatial Economy [M] .Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press,1999
13 Arthur, W.B.Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy [M]. The University of Michigan Press, 1997
14 Myrdal,G..(1957).Economic Theory and Under developed Regions, London: Duckworth
15 Portor, M,(1990).The competitive Advantage of Nations,New York:Free Press.
2 刘安国、杨开忠：“克鲁格曼的多中心城市空间自组织模型评析”，地理科学，2001．8
3 李小建：“20世纪经济地理学发展及研究特点”[J] 人文地理，1998，13(4)，5-9
4 李小建、李庆春：“克鲁格曼的主要经济地理学观点分析”，地理科学进展，1999．6
5 范剑勇、杨丙见：“美国早期制造业集中的转变及其对中国西部开发的启示”，经济研究，2002．8
6 范剑勇：2002：“地理条件与中国地区经济增长差异，1978—1999”，复旦大学经济学系博士论文打印稿。
7 James,Joh,1983, "Structural Change in American Manufacturing, 1850-1920" Journal of Economic History No.2
8 Meyer, David R,1989, " Midwetern Industrialization and the American Manufacuring Belt in the Nineteenth Century" ,Journal of Economic History 49: 921-938
9 Kim,Sukkoo,1998, "Intergration and Convergrence:U.S.Regions, 1840-1987" , Journal of Economic History vol 58,No.3:659-683
10 Krugman,P.R., 1981, "Intra-industry Specialization and the Gains from Trade." J.P.E.89:959-973
11 Meyer, David R.I983, "Emergence of the American Manufacuring Belt :an Interpretation" ,Journal of Economic History 9 : 145-174
12 Krugman,P.R.,1979, " Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition,and International Trade" ,Journal of International Economics
13 Krugman,P.R.,1980, "Scale Economics .Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade" ,American Economic Review
1 保罗·克鲁格曼：《地理和贸易》(《Geography and Trade》：Cambridge，MIT Press，1991)
2 保罗·克鲁格曼：《发展、地理和经济理论》(《Development，Geography，and Economic Theory》：Cambridge，MIT Press，1995)
3 保罗·克鲁格曼：《空间经济》(《The spatial Economy》：Cambridge，Massachusetts Press，1999)
4 保罗·克鲁格曼：Increasing returns and economic geography．Journal of Political Economy，1991，99：483—499”
5 保罗·克鲁格曼：《萧条经济学的回归》，北京，中国人民大学出版社，1999
6 保罗·克鲁格曼：Krugman P．On the relationship between trade theory and locmion theory．Review of International Economics，1993，1：110-122
7 埃尔赫南·赫尔普曼，保罗·克鲁格曼：《市场结构和对外贸易》，上海：上海三联书店，1993
8 约翰·冯·杜能(1826)，《孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系》[M]，商务印书馆，1986
9 吴建伟 国际贸易的比较优势的定量分析[M]．上海：上海三联书店
10 Martin R, Sunley P.Paul krugman's geographical economics and its implications for regional development theory : a critical assessment.Economic Geography, 1996,72(3):259-292
11 Krugman.P.The Self—organizing Economy[M].Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd., 1996
12 Fujita,M.,Krugman & A.J.Venables. The Spatial Economy [M] .Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press,1999
13 Arthur, W.B.Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy [M]. The University of Michigan Press, 1997
14 Myrdal,G..(1957).Economic Theory and Under developed Regions, London: Duckworth
15 Portor, M,(1990).The competitive Advantage of Nations,New York:Free Press.