创新型城市发展模式及路径研究
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摘要
随着全球化进程的加快，人口老龄化加剧、资源匮乏、环境污染等问题日益突出，世界各国对可持续经济发展的要求日渐迫切。“创新型城市”概念的提出成为了解决各国城市社会问题的一种选择。由于各国在资源优势、经济文化、社会环境等方面存在巨大差异，世界各国创新型城市的发展模式不同，发展路径也不同。
在理论研究部分，论文通过文献阅读和总结，明确了创新型城市的概念；通过多学科综合的角度，借鉴了创新理论、复杂适应系统理论，提出了创新型城市复杂适应系统理论；借鉴生态位理论和生命周期理论分析了创新型城市演化的阶段，模拟了创新系统的Monte Carlo生长过程；提出了创新型城市的四种发展模式并针对四种发展模式相应提出了四种发展路径设计。在实证研究部分，论文以天津为实证研究对象对天津城市创新系统中的各主体运行情况、创新主体对城市经济的影响、以及天津创新型城市的生态位、产业雁阵的发展情况进行了实证。
本文创新点和研究贡献主要体现在以下四个方面：
（1）在对创新型城市系统进行分析时，借鉴了涡流理论，将电磁学中的涡流理论与城市创新系统的要素流进行整合，提出城市创新系统驱动力的涡流结构；提出了城市创新系统的驱动力涡流由知识与技术流、物资流、人才流和精神文化流的流动在城市创新系统内形成了高速变化的交变磁场，促使作为中心导体的城市创新系统高速运动，以此促进创新活动的形成。
（2）将生态位理论引入到创新型城市研究理论，提出了创新型城市的生态位，认为创新型城市生态位集中反映了城市的创新地位及功能、发展态势、经济发展特色，从演化的角度阐述创新型城市成长的轨迹，并结合生命周期理论对创新型城市的发展模式演化进行了分析，为国内外创新型城市的建设提供了参考。
（3）将城市创新系统视作一个复杂系统，其中各Agent的生长过程受到系统内外部因素的共同作用，因此，将城市创新系统抽象为各Agent的集合，采用系统仿真的方法，模拟了创新系统的Monte Carlo生长过程来分析创新型城市各Agent的生长过程和生长规律，将各创新Agent的生长分为正常生长和异常生长，由于这两种生长过程与晶体生长过程相似，使用晶体生长动力学公式计算城市创新系统内各Agent的生长过程。
（4）探讨了创新型城市的发展模式以及路径实现的设计方案，将创新型城市发展模式分为四种模式：政策带动型、研发驱动型、创新产业聚集型和创意驱动型，并根据路径依赖理论，为四种模式提供了四条相应的主要发展路径。
此外，本文在理论分析之后，以天津作为实证对象，对天津城市创新系统的现状进行了分析，对天津模式进行了计量分析和归纳总结，并为天津创新型城市的发展路径提供了政策建议，为天津创新型城市的建设实践提供了参考。
In the accelerating process of globalization, the increasing aging population, lack ofresources, environmental pollution and other issues, The whole world is facing anincreasingly urgent demand for sustainable economic development. The concept of the"innovative city" is an option to solve modern urban social problems. However, as there is ahuge difference of advantages in resources, economic, cultural and social environmentamong different countries, the development mode and path of innovative city are not thesame at home and abroad.
In theoretical research, the dissertation makes clear the concept of innovative citythrough literature review and summarizing. Through a multidisciplinary aspect ofreferencing the innovation theory and complex adaptive system theory, the dissertation putsforward the theoryof innovative citycomplexadaptive system. Referencing niche theoryandlife cycle theory, the dissertation analyzes the evolution stage of the innovative city,simulates the Monte Carlo growth process of the Agent of innovation system, proposed thefour development mode of innovative city and four path design. In empirical research, in thefunctions of Agents in the innovation system of Tianjin is analyzed, the influence ofinnovation output of the three innovative Agent to GDP of Tianjin, the development of theindustrial agglomeration as well as the niche of Tianjin innovative city is tested byempiricalresearch.
The innovative Conclusions are draw as follows:
1.City innovative system is the driving force of the vortex structure through combiningelectromagnetism eddy current theory and urban elements flow of the innovation systembased on introducing the vortex theory into the city innovative systems. The driving force ofurban innovationsystem is formed bythe high-speed flow ofknowledge and technology flow,infrastructure flow, personnel flow, and spiritual and cultural flow, by which city innovationsystembecomes rapidlychanging alternating magnetic field to promotethe cityas a center topromote innovation activities formation.
2.The niche theory is introduced into the innovative city studies and an innovative cityniche theory is proposed, which can reflect the status and functions of the city innovation,development tendency and the characteristics of economic development from anevolutionary point of view. The growth trajectory of innovative city is elaborated and theevolution mode of innovative city development is analyzed by combining with the life cycletheory, which provides a reference for the development of the innovative city at home andabroad.
3.The cityinnovationsystem is a complexsystem, in whichthe Agent growthprocess is controlled by the joint action of the internal and external factors. The city innovation systemis abstracted asthe collectionofagents, throughsystemsimulation, the dissertationsimulatesthe innovation system of Monte Carlo growth process to analyzes the growth process andgrowth mode of innovative agent. The growth of innovation agent is divided into normalgrowth and abnormal growth due to the growth process is similar to the process of crystalgrowth, in which crystal growth kinetics formulate is used to calculate the agent growthprocess of urban innovation system.
4.The dissertation discusses the development mode and the path of innovative city.Innovative city development mode is divided into four modes: policy-led, R&D driven,innovative industry agglomeration and creative-driven model, and based on the theory ofpath dependence, four major development path is provided for the four mode. The four is themain path for innovative city developing, which is different from previous studies.
In addition, the dissertation analyzes the situation of Tianjin innovative system, makesempirical test for Tianjin mode and proposes policy recommendations for the developmentpath of Tianjin innovative city, which provides references for the practice of Tianjin.
在理论研究部分，论文通过文献阅读和总结，明确了创新型城市的概念；通过多学科综合的角度，借鉴了创新理论、复杂适应系统理论，提出了创新型城市复杂适应系统理论；借鉴生态位理论和生命周期理论分析了创新型城市演化的阶段，模拟了创新系统的Monte Carlo生长过程；提出了创新型城市的四种发展模式并针对四种发展模式相应提出了四种发展路径设计。在实证研究部分，论文以天津为实证研究对象对天津城市创新系统中的各主体运行情况、创新主体对城市经济的影响、以及天津创新型城市的生态位、产业雁阵的发展情况进行了实证。
本文创新点和研究贡献主要体现在以下四个方面：
（1）在对创新型城市系统进行分析时，借鉴了涡流理论，将电磁学中的涡流理论与城市创新系统的要素流进行整合，提出城市创新系统驱动力的涡流结构；提出了城市创新系统的驱动力涡流由知识与技术流、物资流、人才流和精神文化流的流动在城市创新系统内形成了高速变化的交变磁场，促使作为中心导体的城市创新系统高速运动，以此促进创新活动的形成。
（2）将生态位理论引入到创新型城市研究理论，提出了创新型城市的生态位，认为创新型城市生态位集中反映了城市的创新地位及功能、发展态势、经济发展特色，从演化的角度阐述创新型城市成长的轨迹，并结合生命周期理论对创新型城市的发展模式演化进行了分析，为国内外创新型城市的建设提供了参考。
（3）将城市创新系统视作一个复杂系统，其中各Agent的生长过程受到系统内外部因素的共同作用，因此，将城市创新系统抽象为各Agent的集合，采用系统仿真的方法，模拟了创新系统的Monte Carlo生长过程来分析创新型城市各Agent的生长过程和生长规律，将各创新Agent的生长分为正常生长和异常生长，由于这两种生长过程与晶体生长过程相似，使用晶体生长动力学公式计算城市创新系统内各Agent的生长过程。
（4）探讨了创新型城市的发展模式以及路径实现的设计方案，将创新型城市发展模式分为四种模式：政策带动型、研发驱动型、创新产业聚集型和创意驱动型，并根据路径依赖理论，为四种模式提供了四条相应的主要发展路径。
此外，本文在理论分析之后，以天津作为实证对象，对天津城市创新系统的现状进行了分析，对天津模式进行了计量分析和归纳总结，并为天津创新型城市的发展路径提供了政策建议，为天津创新型城市的建设实践提供了参考。
In the accelerating process of globalization, the increasing aging population, lack ofresources, environmental pollution and other issues, The whole world is facing anincreasingly urgent demand for sustainable economic development. The concept of the"innovative city" is an option to solve modern urban social problems. However, as there is ahuge difference of advantages in resources, economic, cultural and social environmentamong different countries, the development mode and path of innovative city are not thesame at home and abroad.
In theoretical research, the dissertation makes clear the concept of innovative citythrough literature review and summarizing. Through a multidisciplinary aspect ofreferencing the innovation theory and complex adaptive system theory, the dissertation putsforward the theoryof innovative citycomplexadaptive system. Referencing niche theoryandlife cycle theory, the dissertation analyzes the evolution stage of the innovative city,simulates the Monte Carlo growth process of the Agent of innovation system, proposed thefour development mode of innovative city and four path design. In empirical research, in thefunctions of Agents in the innovation system of Tianjin is analyzed, the influence ofinnovation output of the three innovative Agent to GDP of Tianjin, the development of theindustrial agglomeration as well as the niche of Tianjin innovative city is tested byempiricalresearch.
The innovative Conclusions are draw as follows:
1.City innovative system is the driving force of the vortex structure through combiningelectromagnetism eddy current theory and urban elements flow of the innovation systembased on introducing the vortex theory into the city innovative systems. The driving force ofurban innovationsystem is formed bythe high-speed flow ofknowledge and technology flow,infrastructure flow, personnel flow, and spiritual and cultural flow, by which city innovationsystembecomes rapidlychanging alternating magnetic field to promotethe cityas a center topromote innovation activities formation.
2.The niche theory is introduced into the innovative city studies and an innovative cityniche theory is proposed, which can reflect the status and functions of the city innovation,development tendency and the characteristics of economic development from anevolutionary point of view. The growth trajectory of innovative city is elaborated and theevolution mode of innovative city development is analyzed by combining with the life cycletheory, which provides a reference for the development of the innovative city at home andabroad.
3.The cityinnovationsystem is a complexsystem, in whichthe Agent growthprocess is controlled by the joint action of the internal and external factors. The city innovation systemis abstracted asthe collectionofagents, throughsystemsimulation, the dissertationsimulatesthe innovation system of Monte Carlo growth process to analyzes the growth process andgrowth mode of innovative agent. The growth of innovation agent is divided into normalgrowth and abnormal growth due to the growth process is similar to the process of crystalgrowth, in which crystal growth kinetics formulate is used to calculate the agent growthprocess of urban innovation system.
4.The dissertation discusses the development mode and the path of innovative city.Innovative city development mode is divided into four modes: policy-led, R&D driven,innovative industry agglomeration and creative-driven model, and based on the theory ofpath dependence, four major development path is provided for the four mode. The four is themain path for innovative city developing, which is different from previous studies.
In addition, the dissertation analyzes the situation of Tianjin innovative system, makesempirical test for Tianjin mode and proposes policy recommendations for the developmentpath of Tianjin innovative city, which provides references for the practice of Tianjin.
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