塔里木盆地东部盆山耦合与油气成藏
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摘要
本文以大陆动力学、构造地质学和含油气系统理论做指导，以盆地构造-沉积分析技术为手段，通过研究塔东地区与南天山、阿尔金山之间的耦合关系，探索塔东地区的大地构造演化特征以及对油气成藏的控制，结合烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及其盖层条件的研究，进一步分析塔东地区油气成藏规律，从而指出有利勘探区带。
本文以大量的实际资料为依据，野外工作与室内年工作相结合，通过对塔东地区的地质、地物、地化、钻井及油气前景资料的综合分析研究，取得了如下重要成果：
●证实了塔东地区是由震旦—古生界克拉通盆地和中—新生界内断陷盆地共同构成的大型迭合、复合盆地。具有古老陆壳基底和多期次沉降、隆起的构造演化史。该盆地属塔里木盆地的一部分。它与北侧的吐—哈等微板块、南侧的羌塘、柴达木等微板块，经历了复杂的离散、聚敛过程和相互作用历史，构成了今日盆—山整体的构造格局。
●较准确地提出了盆地内部构造格架具双基底(古老深结晶基底和较新浅变质基底建构)双盖层(震旦系—古生界全套海相为主的沉积构造层和中—新生界全套陆相沉积构造层建构)的基本结构序列。
●首次提出了塔东地区受三套构造动力学系统演化共同作用和控制。北缘经历以天山造山带为主体的构造动力学演化旋回；南缘经历以阿尔金山造山带为主体的构造动力学演化旋回；盆地内部还经历以区域南北向构造动力学演化旋回的联合复合控制和影响。天山构造体制、阿尔金山构造体制、区域径向构造体制之间既有同时的干涉、迁就作用，亦有先后的继承、改制作用，对塔东盆地的沉积建造和形变改造，共同起到决定性的控制作用。
●较系统地综合分析了塔东地区沉积构造系统特点，在评述在历经震旦纪—早古生代和晚古生代—三叠纪两个离散，裂解—聚敛，拼合构造动力学演化基础上，论述了各个历史时期盆地成因与判别，地层与岩相序列及构造演化史。全文突出了塔东盆地与塔里木全盆的对比分析，明确了两者之间的沉积差异要点在于塔东地区上二叠—下三叠统普遍缺失，震旦—石炭系全为海相，二叠—第四系全为陆相。
●首次较系统地提出了塔东地区内部形变构造系统，其特点是在海西—印支期，由于板块运动挤压作用，盆北天山造山带和盆南阿尔金山造山带隆升，岩块分别向盆地内部推移，发生复杂的褶皱和断裂变形，形成巨型逆冲推覆构造系。
●初步认为塔东地区构造对油气藏控制规律与塔里木盆地基本一致，即古生
塔里木盆地东部盆山祸合与油气成藏
界油气藏的分布受古隆起及斜坡构造控制:中、新生界油气藏受前陆逆冲断裂带
的控制。研究区有两种油气源:(a)海相成因油气(寒武系一下奥陶统是区内最
主要油气源);(b)陆相成因油气(侏罗系烃源岩)。分析认为区内英南2井油气
来源，天然气主要来源于寒武系且与古油藏有关，油主要来源于中生界煤系地层，
初步建立起英南2井的成藏模式。
通过对塔东地区盆山演化特征分析，指出英吉苏凹陷、塔东低隆起以及库鲁
克塔格南缘山前盆地是本区具有前景的勘探区带。
Tarim basin is the largest petroleum basin in our country. As a new exploring area, the east part of Tarim basin has almost not been studied, the arming strata of studying area were deeply imbedded, which has characterizations of multiphase deformation, multiphase bed forming, perplexing tectonic and high-over evolving of hydrocarbon, and oil and gas distribution and migration are controlled by tectonic background, basin structure trellis and fault zones. In recent years, a lot of exploring work indicates that the studying area has capacious oil and gas foreground, and thus may take it as a exploration-tactic superseding area nest time in Tarim basin. The studying content includes: (1) strata order and sediment environment studying; (2) tectonic characterization and property studying; (3) tectonic characterization and tectonic deformation studying of basin; (4) tectonic evolvement studying; (5) typical oil and gas pool and bed forming studying; (6) relationship of basin-mountain coupling and oil and gas bed
forming studying.
According to plenty of practical datum that combined open field work with indoor one, the article has achieved much, such as bellow:
? The floor of Precambrian of west kuruketage is found to be a better reservoir bed of carbonate rocks, which extraordinarily develop big and small dissolved holes, and appears large scale karst system, which is a deep karst typing reservoir bed related to deformation and dissolve.
? The strata of Paleozoic in eastern Tarim especially Cambrian and Ordovician ones are largely different from others: most area of Cambrian in west Tarim is carbonate rocks of mesa face, while the eastern Tarim is sillcalite and carbonate sediment of continental shelf facies.
? In eastern Tarim area, the fault and upheaval of Kuruketage in southern Tianshan have old crust floor, but are not a part of old Tianshan collision mountain forming zone. Overriding tectonic incidents of Powamu in late Carebbean, that is,
overriding from north to south in northern area is an important tectonic incident in studying area, which had significant affect on Paleozoic oil forming system, and thus made Kuruketage region mainly display mountain bodies overriding from north to center basin. This maybe indicates that low part of fore-mountain in southern Kuruketage has stored Cambrian- Ordovician and Jurassic hydrocarbon.
? Primarily knowing of oil and gas origin of Yingnan well 2.Naturral gas mainly comes from Cambrian and is related to ancient oil pool, and oil mainly comes from Mesozoic coal measures strata. The main pool fonning stage is late Yanshan to Xishan. Primarily settled its forming model of Yingnan well 2. There are mainly four forming incidents.
? As a stage of foreland uplift of Hercynian, the late Paleozoic of eastern Tarim low uplift had made 1 and 2 structural areas of eastern Tarim being suffered denudation for a long time, until Jurassic at the sag basin stage, they received non-marine sediment, and defaulted up Ordovician-Triassic many formula strata. For the anticline tectonic zone lies in its ancient uplift top and ancient uplift has significant controlling function for sedimentary face zone's distribution. The north part of eastern Tarim anticline tectonic zone is seashore sediment and probably had better reservoir. So, the slope part of north of eastern Tarim anticline tectonic zone probably has better reservoir strata, and has promising breakthrough.
Through evolving characterization analysis of eastern Tarim, point out that the Yingjisu depression, low uplift of eastern Tarim and fore-mountain basin of southern Kuruketage are promising exploring zone of this area.
本文以大量的实际资料为依据，野外工作与室内年工作相结合，通过对塔东地区的地质、地物、地化、钻井及油气前景资料的综合分析研究，取得了如下重要成果：
●证实了塔东地区是由震旦—古生界克拉通盆地和中—新生界内断陷盆地共同构成的大型迭合、复合盆地。具有古老陆壳基底和多期次沉降、隆起的构造演化史。该盆地属塔里木盆地的一部分。它与北侧的吐—哈等微板块、南侧的羌塘、柴达木等微板块，经历了复杂的离散、聚敛过程和相互作用历史，构成了今日盆—山整体的构造格局。
●较准确地提出了盆地内部构造格架具双基底(古老深结晶基底和较新浅变质基底建构)双盖层(震旦系—古生界全套海相为主的沉积构造层和中—新生界全套陆相沉积构造层建构)的基本结构序列。
●首次提出了塔东地区受三套构造动力学系统演化共同作用和控制。北缘经历以天山造山带为主体的构造动力学演化旋回；南缘经历以阿尔金山造山带为主体的构造动力学演化旋回；盆地内部还经历以区域南北向构造动力学演化旋回的联合复合控制和影响。天山构造体制、阿尔金山构造体制、区域径向构造体制之间既有同时的干涉、迁就作用，亦有先后的继承、改制作用，对塔东盆地的沉积建造和形变改造，共同起到决定性的控制作用。
●较系统地综合分析了塔东地区沉积构造系统特点，在评述在历经震旦纪—早古生代和晚古生代—三叠纪两个离散，裂解—聚敛，拼合构造动力学演化基础上，论述了各个历史时期盆地成因与判别，地层与岩相序列及构造演化史。全文突出了塔东盆地与塔里木全盆的对比分析，明确了两者之间的沉积差异要点在于塔东地区上二叠—下三叠统普遍缺失，震旦—石炭系全为海相，二叠—第四系全为陆相。
●首次较系统地提出了塔东地区内部形变构造系统，其特点是在海西—印支期，由于板块运动挤压作用，盆北天山造山带和盆南阿尔金山造山带隆升，岩块分别向盆地内部推移，发生复杂的褶皱和断裂变形，形成巨型逆冲推覆构造系。
●初步认为塔东地区构造对油气藏控制规律与塔里木盆地基本一致，即古生
塔里木盆地东部盆山祸合与油气成藏
界油气藏的分布受古隆起及斜坡构造控制:中、新生界油气藏受前陆逆冲断裂带
的控制。研究区有两种油气源:(a)海相成因油气(寒武系一下奥陶统是区内最
主要油气源);(b)陆相成因油气(侏罗系烃源岩)。分析认为区内英南2井油气
来源，天然气主要来源于寒武系且与古油藏有关，油主要来源于中生界煤系地层，
初步建立起英南2井的成藏模式。
通过对塔东地区盆山演化特征分析，指出英吉苏凹陷、塔东低隆起以及库鲁
克塔格南缘山前盆地是本区具有前景的勘探区带。
Tarim basin is the largest petroleum basin in our country. As a new exploring area, the east part of Tarim basin has almost not been studied, the arming strata of studying area were deeply imbedded, which has characterizations of multiphase deformation, multiphase bed forming, perplexing tectonic and high-over evolving of hydrocarbon, and oil and gas distribution and migration are controlled by tectonic background, basin structure trellis and fault zones. In recent years, a lot of exploring work indicates that the studying area has capacious oil and gas foreground, and thus may take it as a exploration-tactic superseding area nest time in Tarim basin. The studying content includes: (1) strata order and sediment environment studying; (2) tectonic characterization and property studying; (3) tectonic characterization and tectonic deformation studying of basin; (4) tectonic evolvement studying; (5) typical oil and gas pool and bed forming studying; (6) relationship of basin-mountain coupling and oil and gas bed
forming studying.
According to plenty of practical datum that combined open field work with indoor one, the article has achieved much, such as bellow:
? The floor of Precambrian of west kuruketage is found to be a better reservoir bed of carbonate rocks, which extraordinarily develop big and small dissolved holes, and appears large scale karst system, which is a deep karst typing reservoir bed related to deformation and dissolve.
? The strata of Paleozoic in eastern Tarim especially Cambrian and Ordovician ones are largely different from others: most area of Cambrian in west Tarim is carbonate rocks of mesa face, while the eastern Tarim is sillcalite and carbonate sediment of continental shelf facies.
? In eastern Tarim area, the fault and upheaval of Kuruketage in southern Tianshan have old crust floor, but are not a part of old Tianshan collision mountain forming zone. Overriding tectonic incidents of Powamu in late Carebbean, that is,
overriding from north to south in northern area is an important tectonic incident in studying area, which had significant affect on Paleozoic oil forming system, and thus made Kuruketage region mainly display mountain bodies overriding from north to center basin. This maybe indicates that low part of fore-mountain in southern Kuruketage has stored Cambrian- Ordovician and Jurassic hydrocarbon.
? Primarily knowing of oil and gas origin of Yingnan well 2.Naturral gas mainly comes from Cambrian and is related to ancient oil pool, and oil mainly comes from Mesozoic coal measures strata. The main pool fonning stage is late Yanshan to Xishan. Primarily settled its forming model of Yingnan well 2. There are mainly four forming incidents.
? As a stage of foreland uplift of Hercynian, the late Paleozoic of eastern Tarim low uplift had made 1 and 2 structural areas of eastern Tarim being suffered denudation for a long time, until Jurassic at the sag basin stage, they received non-marine sediment, and defaulted up Ordovician-Triassic many formula strata. For the anticline tectonic zone lies in its ancient uplift top and ancient uplift has significant controlling function for sedimentary face zone's distribution. The north part of eastern Tarim anticline tectonic zone is seashore sediment and probably had better reservoir. So, the slope part of north of eastern Tarim anticline tectonic zone probably has better reservoir strata, and has promising breakthrough.
Through evolving characterization analysis of eastern Tarim, point out that the Yingjisu depression, low uplift of eastern Tarim and fore-mountain basin of southern Kuruketage are promising exploring zone of this area.
引文
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