旧拱桥状态评估及加固技术研究
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摘要
随着交通事业的发展,桥梁作为交通枢纽,发挥着越来越重要的作用,已经成为经济发展的纽带。但是从七十年代兴建的许多拱桥,由于年久失修,在外界物理及化学因素作用下,混凝土结构会发生老化、裂化现象,从而降低桥梁的强度、刚度和稳定性,影响结构的正常使用,严重时甚至会发生垮塌事故。因此,如何通过对桥梁进行安全性评估和维修加固,是一项十分紧迫的任务。
本文在详细分析桥梁结构和力学相关理论的基础上,结合实际情况,对桥梁技术状态、评估方法和加固方法进行了研究和探讨。详细调查了大量现存的旧桥梁,这些桥梁在长期的各种复杂环境的侵蚀作用下,桥梁的结构和技术状况与设计状态相比,其运营状态产生了较大的改变。有的甚至严重危害到桥梁的安全运营,选取病害比较严重的15座桥梁,进行技术状态评估。在评估的基础上进一步以南河大桥为工程背景,对拱桥的常见病害形式、病害原因、状态评估及加固技术等进行了分析和研究。通过分析研究表明,大跨度拱桥由于拱轴线与恒载压力线偏离引起的附加内力较大,可能导致主拱圈或截面的应力过大,在今后的大跨度拱桥设计计算中应当计入偏离弯矩对拱桥内力的影响。
在利用特菲尔专家评估法对桥梁结构进行评估的基础上,选取南河大桥为主要研究对象,进行了实桥的静载和动载试验,分析了桥梁结构在荷载作用下的工作性能和使用能力,通过对实桥状况进行分析和试验研究,引入断裂力学理论,分析了桥梁的病害原因,并采用GQJS软件对南河大桥进行有限元建模,对其进行加固前和加固后的力学分析研究以及三个方案加固后力学状况的研究分析,在对各个方案模型理论技术状况和实桥试验技术状况进行研究的基础上,结合实桥结构和力学特征以及所处复杂自然环境,在进行理论计算分析和试验研究的基础上,进行了旧桥状态评估和加固技术研究,提出了最优加固方案,对其他同类桥梁结构的加固和改造具有一定的实用价值。分析了桥梁的病害原因及其结构裂缝的成因,在此基础上提出了针对桥梁病害的三个加固方案。
With the development of transportation,bridge,as a junction,play a more and more important role and has already become the vital nexus of economical development.Especially in the 70s when we built many arch bridges,these old bridges,under the effects of external physics and chemical factors,concrete construction may occur aging and cracking phenomenon,which will reduce bridge's strength,rigidity and stability.All these will influence normal use of structure and will lead Collapse if seriously.For these reasons,it is an urgent task to do safety profile and maintenauce about bridges.
In this paper,based on detail analysis on bridge construture and correlation theory of mechanics,combining the actual bridge,we study the assessment and reinforcement of bridges.Within detail investigation of many existent bridges,under dynamic environment,technical conditions which are different from that of design conditions and also their using conditions are so different that lead to safety hazards. Select 15 more serious disease bridges to do technology evaluation.On the base of evaluation,Against the background of Nanhe Bridge,analyze the Disease、its reasions、bridges' conditionsand reinforcement technology.Results show that with an additional larger internal force caused by departure of arch axis and the line of dead load,could lead to large stress of main ring or cross-section.So in the future long-span arch bridge design we should include the effects of bias flexural moment
Against the background of Nanhe Bridge,have the tests of static load and dynamic load for a real bridge,and then identify the role of a bridge structure under the load and the performance capability,offer useful conclusions,in order to provide a basis for bridg maintenance's decision-making.On the basis of the use of the existing research results,make reasonable analysis of all the structures of Nanhe Bridge,determine a model approximates to the facts.Detect and investigate the original structural materials,and then determine the elastic modulus reduction factor of concrete and initial internal force caused by shrinkage and creep.Use GQJS software to establish Nanhe finite element analysis model,compare internal forces before and after reinforcement,provide three reinforcing plan in connection with bridge defects,choose the best one through comparing and selecting process,and then offer a certain practical reference for other bridges.
本文在详细分析桥梁结构和力学相关理论的基础上,结合实际情况,对桥梁技术状态、评估方法和加固方法进行了研究和探讨。详细调查了大量现存的旧桥梁,这些桥梁在长期的各种复杂环境的侵蚀作用下,桥梁的结构和技术状况与设计状态相比,其运营状态产生了较大的改变。有的甚至严重危害到桥梁的安全运营,选取病害比较严重的15座桥梁,进行技术状态评估。在评估的基础上进一步以南河大桥为工程背景,对拱桥的常见病害形式、病害原因、状态评估及加固技术等进行了分析和研究。通过分析研究表明,大跨度拱桥由于拱轴线与恒载压力线偏离引起的附加内力较大,可能导致主拱圈或截面的应力过大,在今后的大跨度拱桥设计计算中应当计入偏离弯矩对拱桥内力的影响。
在利用特菲尔专家评估法对桥梁结构进行评估的基础上,选取南河大桥为主要研究对象,进行了实桥的静载和动载试验,分析了桥梁结构在荷载作用下的工作性能和使用能力,通过对实桥状况进行分析和试验研究,引入断裂力学理论,分析了桥梁的病害原因,并采用GQJS软件对南河大桥进行有限元建模,对其进行加固前和加固后的力学分析研究以及三个方案加固后力学状况的研究分析,在对各个方案模型理论技术状况和实桥试验技术状况进行研究的基础上,结合实桥结构和力学特征以及所处复杂自然环境,在进行理论计算分析和试验研究的基础上,进行了旧桥状态评估和加固技术研究,提出了最优加固方案,对其他同类桥梁结构的加固和改造具有一定的实用价值。分析了桥梁的病害原因及其结构裂缝的成因,在此基础上提出了针对桥梁病害的三个加固方案。
With the development of transportation,bridge,as a junction,play a more and more important role and has already become the vital nexus of economical development.Especially in the 70s when we built many arch bridges,these old bridges,under the effects of external physics and chemical factors,concrete construction may occur aging and cracking phenomenon,which will reduce bridge's strength,rigidity and stability.All these will influence normal use of structure and will lead Collapse if seriously.For these reasons,it is an urgent task to do safety profile and maintenauce about bridges.
In this paper,based on detail analysis on bridge construture and correlation theory of mechanics,combining the actual bridge,we study the assessment and reinforcement of bridges.Within detail investigation of many existent bridges,under dynamic environment,technical conditions which are different from that of design conditions and also their using conditions are so different that lead to safety hazards. Select 15 more serious disease bridges to do technology evaluation.On the base of evaluation,Against the background of Nanhe Bridge,analyze the Disease、its reasions、bridges' conditionsand reinforcement technology.Results show that with an additional larger internal force caused by departure of arch axis and the line of dead load,could lead to large stress of main ring or cross-section.So in the future long-span arch bridge design we should include the effects of bias flexural moment
Against the background of Nanhe Bridge,have the tests of static load and dynamic load for a real bridge,and then identify the role of a bridge structure under the load and the performance capability,offer useful conclusions,in order to provide a basis for bridg maintenance's decision-making.On the basis of the use of the existing research results,make reasonable analysis of all the structures of Nanhe Bridge,determine a model approximates to the facts.Detect and investigate the original structural materials,and then determine the elastic modulus reduction factor of concrete and initial internal force caused by shrinkage and creep.Use GQJS software to establish Nanhe finite element analysis model,compare internal forces before and after reinforcement,provide three reinforcing plan in connection with bridge defects,choose the best one through comparing and selecting process,and then offer a certain practical reference for other bridges.
引文
[1]刘来军,赵小星.桥梁加固设计与施工技术.人民交通出版社,2004
[2]莫龙绪.桥梁加固实例[J].公路,2000(12):22-24
[3]中华人民共和国交通部部标准,公路双曲拱桥设计旖工技术规范(试行)[S],北京,人民交通出版社,1975
[4]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造.人民交通出版社,2004
[5]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固.人民交通出版社,1989
[6]罗阳青,邵旭东,胡柏学.桥梁健康评估模糊层次分析法的应用,湖南交通科技,2008年第四期,97-102
[7]黄小慧,王安华.在役桥梁的评估方法和发展趋势.北方交通,2007,54-56
[8]遗传算法及其在气动优化设计中的应用研究[D].西北工业大学,2000.
[9]张俊平,周建宾,蒙云,桥梁检测与维修加固,人民交通出版社,2006,(04)
[10]张树仁、王宗林.桥梁病害诊断与改造加固设计.人民交通出版社,2006。
[11]车宏压,混凝土结构原理,天京大学出版社,第二版,1999
[12]Larrardd De,F.,Acker,P.and Le Roy,R.Creep,shrinkage and temperature effects,in High Strength-Performance Concrete(ed.S.H.Ahmad)[M],Edward Arnold Publishers,New York,1992
[13]葛素娟,陈淮,董建华.双曲拱桥承载能力评估[J],河南科学,2001,22(1)[14]播景龙.混凝土结构性能评定和检测(M).哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1997.132-143.
[15]李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.94-106.
[16]刘义伦.工程构件疲劳寿命预测理论与方法[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版,1997.55-76.
[17]中华人民共和国交通部.JTG D62-2004公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[18]中华人民共和国交通部.JTG D60-2004公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[19]M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷,F.塞勃勒,G.M.卡尔维,桥梁抗震设计与加固,北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[20]Branson,D.E.,Deformation of Concrete Structure[M],McGraw Hill Book Company,New York,1977
[21]Donald J.Ward.An Overview of Prestressed Segmental Concrete Bridges.PCI journal/March-April,1983
[22]Peter Matt.status of Segmental Bridge Construction in urope.PCI Journal/May-June,1983.
[23]ThanasisC.Triantafillou.Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Con-crete BeamsUsingEpoxy-Bonded FRP Composites[J].ACIStruc-tural Journal/March-April 1998:107-115.
[24]Frandsen JB.Numerical,bridge deck studies using finite dgments[J].JOURNALOF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES,2000,19(2):171-191.
[25]李昌铸等,特尔斐专家评估法在公路桥梁评价中的应用,中国公路学报,
[26]赵焕臣等,层次分析法。科学出版社,1986
[27]邓康成,赵军,朱暾,肖莉.广西桂林市雉山桥工程设计及其主要施工特点[J].桂林工学院学报,2002(7)
[28]Rencording and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation's Bridges.U.S.FWHA,1979.1
[29]赵焕臣等,层次分析法,科学出版社,1986
[30]湛润水、胡钊芳,公路桥梁荷载试验,人民交通出版社,2003
[31]中华人民共和国交通部,公路旧桥承载能力鉴定方法(试行)[S],北京,1985
[32]中华人民共和国交通部部标准,公路桥涵钢筋混凝土结构设计规范[S],北京,1983
[33]林家浩,计算结构动力学,高等教育出版社,1989年02月第1版
[34]张令弥,复杂结构系统试验模态分析.振动与冲击.1982年第三期
[35]游宝坤,混凝土膨胀剂及其应用[M],北京,中国建材工业出版社,2002
[36]袁海庆,王佶,卢哲安.双曲拱桥的缩跨加固方法及应用[J],武汉理工大学学报,2002.24(6)
[37]胡大琳.钢筋混凝上拱桥极限承载能力分析[J],西安公路学院学报,1991(3)
[38]钟正强,双曲拱的加固与改造[J],中南公路工程,2003,28(2).
[39]刘加湾,杨骊先,孙炳楠,王跃飞,朱玉龙.既有双曲拱桥承载力评估及加固[J],市政技术,2003,21(1)
[40]万世林等.双曲拱桥加固后的承载力检验[J],安徽建筑,2002(6)
[41]徐家云,袁海庆,王吉.双曲拱桥加固新措施[J],武汉城市建设学报,2001
[42]周益云,赵大达,钟明全,王晓阳.大跨度双曲拱桥的静力分析及加固措施[J],四川建筑利学研究.2001
[43]王晓阳,赵大达.危旧双曲拱的内力分析[J],工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2001
[44]葛素娟,陈淮,董建华.双曲拱桥承载能力评估[J],河南科学,2001,22(1)
[45]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性力学[M],北京,清华大学出版社,1995:36-45
[46]龙驭球,包世华.结构力学[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2002:121-132
[47]洪锦如.桥梁结构计算力学[M],上海,同济大学出版社,1998,3:87-93
[48]沈聚敏,王传志,江见鲸.钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析[M],北京,清华大学出版社,1993
[49]王国鼎,拱桥连拱计算,北京,人民交通出版社,1983
[2]莫龙绪.桥梁加固实例[J].公路,2000(12):22-24
[3]中华人民共和国交通部部标准,公路双曲拱桥设计旖工技术规范(试行)[S],北京,人民交通出版社,1975
[4]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造.人民交通出版社,2004
[5]杨文渊,徐犇.桥梁维修与加固.人民交通出版社,1989
[6]罗阳青,邵旭东,胡柏学.桥梁健康评估模糊层次分析法的应用,湖南交通科技,2008年第四期,97-102
[7]黄小慧,王安华.在役桥梁的评估方法和发展趋势.北方交通,2007,54-56
[8]遗传算法及其在气动优化设计中的应用研究[D].西北工业大学,2000.
[9]张俊平,周建宾,蒙云,桥梁检测与维修加固,人民交通出版社,2006,(04)
[10]张树仁、王宗林.桥梁病害诊断与改造加固设计.人民交通出版社,2006。
[11]车宏压,混凝土结构原理,天京大学出版社,第二版,1999
[12]Larrardd De,F.,Acker,P.and Le Roy,R.Creep,shrinkage and temperature effects,in High Strength-Performance Concrete(ed.S.H.Ahmad)[M],Edward Arnold Publishers,New York,1992
[13]葛素娟,陈淮,董建华.双曲拱桥承载能力评估[J],河南科学,2001,22(1)[14]播景龙.混凝土结构性能评定和检测(M).哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1997.132-143.
[15]李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.94-106.
[16]刘义伦.工程构件疲劳寿命预测理论与方法[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版,1997.55-76.
[17]中华人民共和国交通部.JTG D62-2004公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[18]中华人民共和国交通部.JTG D60-2004公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[19]M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷,F.塞勃勒,G.M.卡尔维,桥梁抗震设计与加固,北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[20]Branson,D.E.,Deformation of Concrete Structure[M],McGraw Hill Book Company,New York,1977
[21]Donald J.Ward.An Overview of Prestressed Segmental Concrete Bridges.PCI journal/March-April,1983
[22]Peter Matt.status of Segmental Bridge Construction in urope.PCI Journal/May-June,1983.
[23]ThanasisC.Triantafillou.Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Con-crete BeamsUsingEpoxy-Bonded FRP Composites[J].ACIStruc-tural Journal/March-April 1998:107-115.
[24]Frandsen JB.Numerical,bridge deck studies using finite dgments[J].JOURNALOF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES,2000,19(2):171-191.
[25]李昌铸等,特尔斐专家评估法在公路桥梁评价中的应用,中国公路学报,
[26]赵焕臣等,层次分析法。科学出版社,1986
[27]邓康成,赵军,朱暾,肖莉.广西桂林市雉山桥工程设计及其主要施工特点[J].桂林工学院学报,2002(7)
[28]Rencording and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation's Bridges.U.S.FWHA,1979.1
[29]赵焕臣等,层次分析法,科学出版社,1986
[30]湛润水、胡钊芳,公路桥梁荷载试验,人民交通出版社,2003
[31]中华人民共和国交通部,公路旧桥承载能力鉴定方法(试行)[S],北京,1985
[32]中华人民共和国交通部部标准,公路桥涵钢筋混凝土结构设计规范[S],北京,1983
[33]林家浩,计算结构动力学,高等教育出版社,1989年02月第1版
[34]张令弥,复杂结构系统试验模态分析.振动与冲击.1982年第三期
[35]游宝坤,混凝土膨胀剂及其应用[M],北京,中国建材工业出版社,2002
[36]袁海庆,王佶,卢哲安.双曲拱桥的缩跨加固方法及应用[J],武汉理工大学学报,2002.24(6)
[37]胡大琳.钢筋混凝上拱桥极限承载能力分析[J],西安公路学院学报,1991(3)
[38]钟正强,双曲拱的加固与改造[J],中南公路工程,2003,28(2).
[39]刘加湾,杨骊先,孙炳楠,王跃飞,朱玉龙.既有双曲拱桥承载力评估及加固[J],市政技术,2003,21(1)
[40]万世林等.双曲拱桥加固后的承载力检验[J],安徽建筑,2002(6)
[41]徐家云,袁海庆,王吉.双曲拱桥加固新措施[J],武汉城市建设学报,2001
[42]周益云,赵大达,钟明全,王晓阳.大跨度双曲拱桥的静力分析及加固措施[J],四川建筑利学研究.2001
[43]王晓阳,赵大达.危旧双曲拱的内力分析[J],工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2001
[44]葛素娟,陈淮,董建华.双曲拱桥承载能力评估[J],河南科学,2001,22(1)
[45]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性力学[M],北京,清华大学出版社,1995:36-45
[46]龙驭球,包世华.结构力学[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2002:121-132
[47]洪锦如.桥梁结构计算力学[M],上海,同济大学出版社,1998,3:87-93
[48]沈聚敏,王传志,江见鲸.钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析[M],北京,清华大学出版社,1993
[49]王国鼎,拱桥连拱计算,北京,人民交通出版社,1983