基于宏细观力学的混凝土破损行为研究
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摘要
论文研究混凝土材料从细观到宏观层次的力学行为,并以试验与数值仿真相结合,研究其变形、损伤和非线性断裂的宏观规律,建立混凝土材料破损行为的细观损伤模型;建立从多相细观到宏观联系的多尺度研究方法,为研究混凝土类非均质准脆性材料破裂机制奠定基础。论文主要研究工作和创新成果有:
1.发展了高效的骨料投放方法及提出骨料有限元坐标定位的状态矩阵法。基于连续介质力学,采用非线性损伤本构关系描述材料的力学行为,建立了混凝土多相细观力学模型,应用这一模型对混凝土I型、I-II混合型开裂进行全过程数值仿真。
2.应用本文建立的混凝土多相细观力学模型对堆石混凝土材料的力学性能进行了数值仿真与相应的试验,取得了块石、自密实混凝土与界面三组分材料的强度本构关系,为数值仿真计算提供了力学参数;进行了堆石混凝土四点弯梁的抗折试验与数值仿真,初步验证了细观力学模型的可靠性。
3.引入混凝土各相介质力学性能的Weibull随机概率分布,以表征混凝土力学参数的非均质特性与损伤局部化现象,分析了不同均质度对混凝土性能的影响;改进了Weibull分布表征的随机分布形式,引入空间相关尺度因子,对随机场内空间相关尺度因子对材料性能的影响进行了分析。
4.基于多尺度均匀化理论,采用有限单元法建立了混凝土细观-宏观等效力学性能的多尺度模型,得到了表征混凝土宏观性能的单胞细观结构的最小相对尺度及等效弹性参数,并以三点弯梁为例证,对混凝土材料的宏观整体与细观局部化效应进行分析。
5.对不同尺寸的自密实混凝土立方体试件进行单轴抗压试验,研究了混凝土强度的尺寸效应以及加载端部边界效应对混凝土强度与断裂性能的影响。采用混凝土等效概率模型对上述试验进行了数值仿真,通过对比数值仿真与试验结果,验证了该模型能较好地模拟混凝土尺寸效应现象。
6.采用本文的混凝土等效概率模型分析了Koyna重力坝在1967年地震作用下的坝体开裂损伤行为,阐释了大坝开裂机理与破坏形态。
Based on numerical simulation incorporating with experimental tests, the mechanical behaviors of concrete are studied from meso-scale to macro-scale, considereing the deformation, damage and nonlinear fracture behavior. Thus, a meso-damage model for studying the fracture behavior of concrete is presented; meanwhile, a multiscale method for bridging the relationship between mesoscopic and macroscopic level are presented, laying a foundation for further study of damge and fracture mechanism of heterogeneous and quasi-brittle materials. The study includes:
1. An efficient approach to dispose aggregates of concrete and a state matrix method to generate mesh coordinates for random aggregates are proposed. Based on the continuum mechanics, a multi-phase mesoscale model of concrete with nonlinear damaged stress-strain constitutive relations to describe mechanical behaviors of concrete is presented. With the numerical model, the complete process of concrete with mode I and mode I-II types of fracture are analyzed by numerical simulation.
2. Based on the multi-phase meso-mechanics model, a simulation analysis of mechanical properties of rock-fill concrete is accomplished. Herein, experimental tests for determining basic mechanical parameters of three components, i.e. rocks, self-compacting concrete and interfaces are conducted, and four-point flexural beam tests for verification reliability of the model are designed. It is preliminarily shown that the numerical model is reliable.
3. By introducing the Weibull probabilistic distribution for heterogeneities of mechanical properties of multi-phase concrete components and damage localization, influence of heterogeneity of the components on the concrete strength is analyzed. An improved model is also presented by introducing spatial correlation length factor into the Weibull distribution law. Effects of spatial correlation length on the concrete strength are studied.
4. Based on the multiscale homogenization theory and finite element method, the meso-macro equivalent elastic constitutive relationship of concrete is established. Herein, the influence of unit cell size on the elastic properties in macro-scale is studied, and the minimum ratio of unit cell size to the maximum aggregate diameter has been obtained. Comparisons between the macroscopic and the corresponding mesoscopic simulations of a 3-Point concrete beam are accomplished.
5. A series of uniaxial compression tests for different size cube self-compacting concrete specimen are carried out, and size effect of concrete strength, end effects on concrete strength and failure pattern are studied, comparing with corresponding numerical simulations based on the concrete equivalent probabilistic model. It is concluded that the numerical model can provide reasonable results in the analysis of size effect for concrete.
6. As an engineering application, the fracture and damage behavior of Koyna gravity dam during the 1967 earthquake is analyzed by the equivalent probabilistic model of the concrete, the cracking pattern and failure modes of the dam prototype during the event are justified.
1.发展了高效的骨料投放方法及提出骨料有限元坐标定位的状态矩阵法。基于连续介质力学,采用非线性损伤本构关系描述材料的力学行为,建立了混凝土多相细观力学模型,应用这一模型对混凝土I型、I-II混合型开裂进行全过程数值仿真。
2.应用本文建立的混凝土多相细观力学模型对堆石混凝土材料的力学性能进行了数值仿真与相应的试验,取得了块石、自密实混凝土与界面三组分材料的强度本构关系,为数值仿真计算提供了力学参数;进行了堆石混凝土四点弯梁的抗折试验与数值仿真,初步验证了细观力学模型的可靠性。
3.引入混凝土各相介质力学性能的Weibull随机概率分布,以表征混凝土力学参数的非均质特性与损伤局部化现象,分析了不同均质度对混凝土性能的影响;改进了Weibull分布表征的随机分布形式,引入空间相关尺度因子,对随机场内空间相关尺度因子对材料性能的影响进行了分析。
4.基于多尺度均匀化理论,采用有限单元法建立了混凝土细观-宏观等效力学性能的多尺度模型,得到了表征混凝土宏观性能的单胞细观结构的最小相对尺度及等效弹性参数,并以三点弯梁为例证,对混凝土材料的宏观整体与细观局部化效应进行分析。
5.对不同尺寸的自密实混凝土立方体试件进行单轴抗压试验,研究了混凝土强度的尺寸效应以及加载端部边界效应对混凝土强度与断裂性能的影响。采用混凝土等效概率模型对上述试验进行了数值仿真,通过对比数值仿真与试验结果,验证了该模型能较好地模拟混凝土尺寸效应现象。
6.采用本文的混凝土等效概率模型分析了Koyna重力坝在1967年地震作用下的坝体开裂损伤行为,阐释了大坝开裂机理与破坏形态。
Based on numerical simulation incorporating with experimental tests, the mechanical behaviors of concrete are studied from meso-scale to macro-scale, considereing the deformation, damage and nonlinear fracture behavior. Thus, a meso-damage model for studying the fracture behavior of concrete is presented; meanwhile, a multiscale method for bridging the relationship between mesoscopic and macroscopic level are presented, laying a foundation for further study of damge and fracture mechanism of heterogeneous and quasi-brittle materials. The study includes:
1. An efficient approach to dispose aggregates of concrete and a state matrix method to generate mesh coordinates for random aggregates are proposed. Based on the continuum mechanics, a multi-phase mesoscale model of concrete with nonlinear damaged stress-strain constitutive relations to describe mechanical behaviors of concrete is presented. With the numerical model, the complete process of concrete with mode I and mode I-II types of fracture are analyzed by numerical simulation.
2. Based on the multi-phase meso-mechanics model, a simulation analysis of mechanical properties of rock-fill concrete is accomplished. Herein, experimental tests for determining basic mechanical parameters of three components, i.e. rocks, self-compacting concrete and interfaces are conducted, and four-point flexural beam tests for verification reliability of the model are designed. It is preliminarily shown that the numerical model is reliable.
3. By introducing the Weibull probabilistic distribution for heterogeneities of mechanical properties of multi-phase concrete components and damage localization, influence of heterogeneity of the components on the concrete strength is analyzed. An improved model is also presented by introducing spatial correlation length factor into the Weibull distribution law. Effects of spatial correlation length on the concrete strength are studied.
4. Based on the multiscale homogenization theory and finite element method, the meso-macro equivalent elastic constitutive relationship of concrete is established. Herein, the influence of unit cell size on the elastic properties in macro-scale is studied, and the minimum ratio of unit cell size to the maximum aggregate diameter has been obtained. Comparisons between the macroscopic and the corresponding mesoscopic simulations of a 3-Point concrete beam are accomplished.
5. A series of uniaxial compression tests for different size cube self-compacting concrete specimen are carried out, and size effect of concrete strength, end effects on concrete strength and failure pattern are studied, comparing with corresponding numerical simulations based on the concrete equivalent probabilistic model. It is concluded that the numerical model can provide reasonable results in the analysis of size effect for concrete.
6. As an engineering application, the fracture and damage behavior of Koyna gravity dam during the 1967 earthquake is analyzed by the equivalent probabilistic model of the concrete, the cracking pattern and failure modes of the dam prototype during the event are justified.
引文
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