天津站交通枢纽工程振动台试验二维数值模拟
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摘要
地铁建设是未来解决城市交通拥挤问题的主要方法,已有的震害表明,地铁结构一旦遭受地震破坏,将会给地震应急和震后修复工作带来极大的困难。由于地铁结构完全埋于土中,所以土-结构动力相互作用问题成为地震工程和土木工程领域的前沿课题。由于问题的复杂性,仅仅依靠理论分析难以满足实际工程的需要。因此开展土-结构动力相互作用的试验研究,对深入了解动力相互作用机理,验证理论和计算分析的正确性,推动其工程应用,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文以天津站交通枢纽振动台试验为依据,利用ANSYS有限元软件对振动台试验进行二维数值模拟,与试验结果相比较,从而验证振动台试验的可靠性和计算分析模型的准确性。本文具体的研究工作如下:
(1)对振动台试验的工程背景、模型的设计和制作以及试验现象进行了介绍。
(2)对振动台试验数据进行整理分析。分析了模型地基和结构的加速度反应规律;分析了结构在地震动作用下应变分布规律;分析了地土-结构接触面上的动土压力实测结果及其反应的规律。
(3)以试验模型为基础,建立考虑土-结构动力相互作用的二维有限元模型。在ANSYS中成功实现了结构与土的接触模拟、粘弹性边界的模拟和重力的引入。
(4)对各种试验工况下土-结构相互作用体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析模型和振动台试验结果的正确性。
Building of metro is main method to solve the congestion of city. The previousseismic damages of metro prove that restoration of it is very difficult as soon as it is dammed by earthquake. As far as urban earthquake disaster reduction planning are concerned, study on the earthquake resistant behavior of metro and its seismic design method are regarded more and more by people. For metro structure is embedded in soil, the problems of soil-structure dynamic interaction become a frontal question for discussion in earthquake engineering and civil engineering fields. Because the questions are more complicated, theoretical analysis alone can not meet the actual needs of the project. So it has important theoretical significance and practical meaning to do the tests on soil-structure dynamic interaction system, the results of the test can be used to further study the mechanism of the interaction of soil-structure , validate the theoretical results, impel the theory to be applied in practical engineering.
Based on the shaking table test design of Tianjin Station Transportation Hub Project, the seismic analysis of the model with ANSYS was simulated in the paper. The paper will research the following problems:
(1) Introduce the background of the shaking table test, the design and production of the modle, and the phenomenon during the test.
(2) In this paper the simulative effect of boundary is analyzed. It proves that the effect of boundary on the earthquake responses of structure is avoided effectively.At the same time, the rules of the earthquake responses o fmodel syetem are concluded by analyzing the test results. The strain responses of tunnel are analyzed and the distribution roles of strain in transverse are given. The dynamic in soil pressure in contact surface between soil and model box and between soil and tunnel are also given
(3) Based on the test modle, establish two-dimensional finite element model.Implement the viscoelastic boundary, the contact of soil-structure and consider gravity in ANSYS.
(4) The simulation results and the shaking table test reconls are compared in detail in this paper. The results show that the simulation results and the laws of seismic are responses of the soil-subway station stuction system are basically idlentical with those of the shaking table test. So that the analysis results andthe shaking table test results are proved to be correct.
本文以天津站交通枢纽振动台试验为依据,利用ANSYS有限元软件对振动台试验进行二维数值模拟,与试验结果相比较,从而验证振动台试验的可靠性和计算分析模型的准确性。本文具体的研究工作如下:
(1)对振动台试验的工程背景、模型的设计和制作以及试验现象进行了介绍。
(2)对振动台试验数据进行整理分析。分析了模型地基和结构的加速度反应规律;分析了结构在地震动作用下应变分布规律;分析了地土-结构接触面上的动土压力实测结果及其反应的规律。
(3)以试验模型为基础,建立考虑土-结构动力相互作用的二维有限元模型。在ANSYS中成功实现了结构与土的接触模拟、粘弹性边界的模拟和重力的引入。
(4)对各种试验工况下土-结构相互作用体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析模型和振动台试验结果的正确性。
Building of metro is main method to solve the congestion of city. The previousseismic damages of metro prove that restoration of it is very difficult as soon as it is dammed by earthquake. As far as urban earthquake disaster reduction planning are concerned, study on the earthquake resistant behavior of metro and its seismic design method are regarded more and more by people. For metro structure is embedded in soil, the problems of soil-structure dynamic interaction become a frontal question for discussion in earthquake engineering and civil engineering fields. Because the questions are more complicated, theoretical analysis alone can not meet the actual needs of the project. So it has important theoretical significance and practical meaning to do the tests on soil-structure dynamic interaction system, the results of the test can be used to further study the mechanism of the interaction of soil-structure , validate the theoretical results, impel the theory to be applied in practical engineering.
Based on the shaking table test design of Tianjin Station Transportation Hub Project, the seismic analysis of the model with ANSYS was simulated in the paper. The paper will research the following problems:
(1) Introduce the background of the shaking table test, the design and production of the modle, and the phenomenon during the test.
(2) In this paper the simulative effect of boundary is analyzed. It proves that the effect of boundary on the earthquake responses of structure is avoided effectively.At the same time, the rules of the earthquake responses o fmodel syetem are concluded by analyzing the test results. The strain responses of tunnel are analyzed and the distribution roles of strain in transverse are given. The dynamic in soil pressure in contact surface between soil and model box and between soil and tunnel are also given
(3) Based on the test modle, establish two-dimensional finite element model.Implement the viscoelastic boundary, the contact of soil-structure and consider gravity in ANSYS.
(4) The simulation results and the shaking table test reconls are compared in detail in this paper. The results show that the simulation results and the laws of seismic are responses of the soil-subway station stuction system are basically idlentical with those of the shaking table test. So that the analysis results andthe shaking table test results are proved to be correct.
引文
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[2] KOJI UENISHI. SHUNSUKE SAKURAI. Characteristic of the vertical seismic waves associatedwith the 1995 HYOGO-NANBU(KOBE).Japan earthquake estimated from the failure of the DAKAI mderground station[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dymamics. 2000. 29(6): 813一821.
[3] Iida. H., Hiroto. T.,Yosbida. N.and Iwafuji. M. Damage to Dakai Subway Station[J]. Special Issue of Soils and Foundation. JSCE. Jan. 1996. 283-300.
[4]郑永来,杨林德.线形地下结构震害形式、原因及抗震对策[Al.岩土工程青年专家学术论坛文集「C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998. 360-369.
[5]周炳章.日本阪神地震的震害及教训[J].工程抗震,1996. (1), 39-45.
[6]庄海洋,土-地下结构非线性动力相互作用及其大型振动台试验研究:[博士学位论文],南京;南京工业大学,2006
[7]林皋,地下结构抗震分析综述(上),世界地震工程, 1990, (2): 1~10
[8]林皋,地下结构抗震分析综述(下),世界地震工程, 1990, (3): 1~10
[9]John P. W Song C.Dymamic-stiffness matrii of unbounded soil by finite-element multicell cloning[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dymamics. 1994. V23:233-250.
[10]林皋,梁青槐.地下结构的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报,1996(1): 15-24
[11] John Lysmer. Farhang Ostadan. Chili cheng Chin. A system for analysis of soil-structure interaction.geoteclmical engineering deparhnentof civil and environmental engineering [M]. UniversiW of California. Berkeley. 2000: 1-8.
[12]Guoiing Cben. Haiyang Zbuang. AnabIsis on the earthquake response of subway station based on the substructuring subtraction method[A]. Liu Weiqing et al. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C]. 19-20 October. 2004. Nayjing P. R. China. 195一199.
[13]潘昌实,G N. Parade.黄土隧道列车动荷载响应有限元初步数定分析研究田.土木工程学报,1984(12): 20-26.
[14]潘昌实,杨力.黄土隧道地震反应分析初探[Jl.土木工程学报,1987(5): 85-93.
[15]朱镜清,周建.海底隧道体系地震反应分析方法[JJ.地震工程与工程振动,1992(2):91-97
[16]白冰,周健.软土地层隧道抗震稳定分析「J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版), 2001(1): 39-44.
[17]周健,胡晓燕.考虑行进波的地下建筑物动力反应分析阴.岩石力学与工程学报,2001(1): 70-73.
[18]Haiyang Zbuang. Guoiing Cben and Ye Xu. Stu小·on the influence of shallow eXcavated tunnels in soft site on design ground motion parameters[A]. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C]. 1920 October. 2004. Nanjing P.R.CHina.91-97
[19] Jun Seong Cboi. Jong She Lee. Member ASCE. Jae Min Kim. Nonlinear earthquake response analysis of 2-D underground structures with soil-structure interaction including separation and sliding at Interface[A].15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference[C]. June 2-5.2002. Columbia Universiy. New York. NY. p1一8.
[20] Hongbin Huo. Antonio Bobet. Seismic design of cut and cover rectangular tunnels-evaluation of observed behavior of Dakai station during Kobe earthquake. 1995[A]. Proceedings of 1st World Fonun of Chinese Scholars in Geoteclmical Engineering. August 20-22.2003[C]. Tongji Universiy. Shanghai. p456-466.
[21]楼梦麟,陈清军等.侧向边界对桩基地震反应影响的研究「Ml.上海:同济大学,1999.
[22]楼梦麟,王文剑,朱彤.土-结构体系振动台模型试验中土层边界影响问题[[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000.20 (2):30-36
[23] CELSO ROMANEL AND TRIBIKRAM KUNDU. A hbrid modeling of soil-structure interaction problems for deeply embedded structures in a multi-layered medium[J] .Earthquake Engineering and Structural D}mamics. Vo1.22. 1993. 557-571.
[24]杨光,刘曾武.地下隧道工程地震动分析的有限元一人工透射边界方法[fJl.工程力学,1994(4): 122-130
[25]姜忻良,徐余,郑刚.地下隧道一土体系地震反应分析的有限元和无限元耦合法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999(3): 22-26.
[26]金峰,王光纶,贾伟伟.离散元一边界元动力祸合模型在地下结构动力分析中的应用[[J].水利学报,2001(2):
[27]陈健云,胡志强,林皋.超大型地下洞室群的随机地震响应分析[J].水利学2002(1):71-75.
[28]郑永来,杨林德,李文艺等,地下结构抗震,上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[29]杨志勇,何若全.高层钢结构弹塑性抗震分析静动力综合法.建筑结构学报, 2003, 24(3): 25一32
[30]尹华伟,汪梦甫,周锡元.结构静力弹塑性分析方法的研究和改进.工程力学. 2003, 20(4): 45-49
[31] Elnasshai AS et al. Advanced inelastic static (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 2001,12(1):51-69.
[32] Chung-Che Chou et al.A procedure for evaluating seismic energy demand of framed structures. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics. 2003, 32(2):229-244
[33]张子明,杜成斌,江泉.结构动力学[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2001:
[34]吕西林.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振2000(4): 21-22
[35]粘弹性人工边界及地震动输入在通用有限元软件中的实现
[36]刘晶波,杜义欣,闻秋实.粘弹性人工边界及地震动输入在通用有限元软件中的实现[J].防震减灾工程学报,2007(4):38-39
[37]杨溥,李英明,赖明,结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标,土木工程学报,2000,33(1):44~51
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