硫铝酸盐水泥基高性能混凝土的结构—性能及工程应用研究
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摘要
随着混凝土科学技术的发展和进步,混凝土建筑物的使用范围越来越广,在许多环境恶劣的地方需要建筑混凝土工程,就必须要求所使用的混凝土具有优异的耐久性能,以确保建筑物的工作年限。根据目前普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土的发展和应用情况,结合许多特殊位置建筑物的性能劣化原因,提出了在工作环境严酷的地方用硫铝酸盐水泥基高性能混凝土(HPC)代替普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土的发展思路。
本文旨在利用硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)的快硬、早强、高强以及抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能好等性能优势,借鉴普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC的应用技术,将硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土生产技术高性能化。
本文根据SAC的性能特点,首先对其性能优化研究,以克服存在的性能缺陷。研究了能有效控制SAC快凝的缓凝剂H;能提高SAC的抗压强度,又能和SAC相容的高效减水剂AS;根据超细矿渣和粉煤灰的性能特点,利用性能优势互补原理进行了复合,通过复合掺和料代替20%的SAC,以改善SAC水化放热速度太快的问题;利用增粘剂改善高效减水剂引起的离析、板结和泌水问题。
研究了水灰比、复合掺和料、引气剂等因素对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC力学性能的影响,并与普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC进行了性能对比,以证实硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC具有较高的早期强度和稳定增长的后期强度。
研究了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的耐久性能。验证了掺加掺和料的SAC在不同水灰比条件下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能:研究了水灰比、复合掺和料、引气剂对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC抗渗性能、抗冻性能和抗碳化性能的影响;同时与普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC进行了相同条件的性能比较;建立了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的碳化速度和保护层的寿命关系预测模型。
利用SEM观察了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的结构形貌和水泥水化产物的结构特征,比较了水灰比和复合掺和料、引气剂对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC结构及界面的影响,分析了碳化前后硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物的结构特征变化情况,根据能谱结果证明了碳化能引起AFt分解。利用XRD分析了硫铝酸盐水泥的水化产物以及碳化后水化产物的变化情况,证明AFt的特征峰在碳化后消失。利用MIP测定了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC在加入掺和料和引气剂后的孔隙率和孔结构分布变化情况,分析了引气剂提高混凝土抗冻性能的机理。
研究了烟台—威海高速公路金山港大桥的病害原理及修补方案,制定了含钡硫铝酸盐水泥水下不分散混凝土和HPC的应用方案,成功将受到海水侵蚀损坏的大桥修补。
以上研究结果表明:利用高效减水剂AS和缓凝剂H可以有效控制硫铝酸盐水泥的水灰比和凝结时间;水灰比降低,硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的强度明显提高,控制水灰比0.38以下就具有很好的力学性能;掺加20%掺和料的硫铝酸盐水泥有很好的抗硫酸盐和镁盐侵蚀的能力,加入掺和料可以提高混凝土的抗碳化性能,抗冻性能和抗渗性能下降:引气剂可以大幅提高混凝土的抗冻性能,降低抗渗性能和抗碳化性能。
根据以上研究结果,可以科学配制性能不同的硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC,保证不同性能需求的工程安全。
总之,以科学的理论和先进的技术为基础,结合材料的性能特点和优势,从混凝土材料性能劣化的原因着手,通过优化内因的作用改善材料的结构和性能,抵御外因的侵蚀和破坏,科学合理地应用硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC,以期为解决目前的全球性混凝土耐久性危机做出贡献。
With development of concrete science and technology, utilization scopes of concrete buildings become increasingly wide. Building concrete engineering are required in many regions with bad environment conditions, thus, concrete used in these regions should have superior durability to ensure the working life of the buildings. Based on the development and utilization of Portland cement-based concrete, combining with deterioration reason of the concrete performances in many special locations, a developing consideration using sulfoaluminate cement-based high performance concrete(HPC) to replace Portland cement-based concrete is advanced to achieve the goal of adjusting measures to local conditions and scientific development.
Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) has many superior properties such as rapid hardening, early strength, high strength and resistance of sulphate and chlorine erosion. The purpose of this paper is to improve sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC production technology by learning from the application technology of Portland cement-based HPC.
First, performance optimization of SAC was investigated based on the advantages of SAC, so as to overcome the existed performance deficiency. Retarder H which could effectively control fast-setting of SAC and high-effective water reducing agent AS that could be compatible with SAC and improve compressive strength of SAC were studied respectively. Superfine slag and fly ash were compounded taking advantage of each of their performance merits. 20% compounded blending was used to replace SAC to solve problems of SAC fast hydration exothermic velocity. Besides, adhesion agent was also used to solve problems of separation, crustification and bleeding.
Influences of water cement ratio, compounded mixture, air-entraining agent etc on mechanical properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were studied. Comparing with performance of Portland cement-based HPC, sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC was proved to have characteristic of higher early strength and steady later strength increase.
The durability of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC was studied. The sulphate resistance characteristic of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC with compounded blending was validated under different cement water ratio. The influences of water cement ratio, compounded blending and air-entraining agent on impermeability, frost resistance and carbonation resistance of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were also studied, meanwhile by comparision with Portland cement-based HPC under the same conditions and, carbonation and life prediction of protected layer models were also established.
Structural appearance and character of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were observed using SEM. The influences of water cement ratio, compounded lending and air-entraining agent on concrete structure and interface were compared, and the structural character changes of sulfoaluminate cement hydration products before and after carbonation were analyzed. The energy spectra analysis results proved that carbonation could lead to AFt decomposition. The changes of sulfoaluminate cement hydration and carbonation products were also analyzed using XRD. The results proved the disappearance of AFt characteristic peaks after carbonation. Porosity variation and pore structure distribution of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC after adding blending and air-entraining agent were measured using MIP, meanwhile the mechanism of air-entraining agent on improving frost resistance of concrete was analyzed.
The disease principle and repairing program of Jinshagang Bridge in Yantai-Weihai highway were studied. Application schemes of sulfoaluminate cement underwater non-dispersed concrete and sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were established, which was successfully applied to repair the bridge corroded by sea water.
Analysis above showed that water cement ratio and setting time of sulfoaluminate cement could be effectively controlled by using high-effective water reducing agent AS and retarder H. The strength of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC could be improved remarkably when decreasing water cement ratio, and superior mechanical properties could also be obtained by controlling water cement ratio less than 0.38. Sulfoaluminate cement by adding 20% blending has good ability to resist erosion from sulphate and magnesium salt. The additive of blending could improve performance of concrete to resist carbonation, while decrease the frost resistance and impermeability of concrete. The frost resistance of concrete could be improved by adding air-entraining agent, however, the impermeability and carbonation resistance would also be decreased.
Based on above results, different sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC could be fabricated through scientific mixing ratio to promise the engineering safety for different performance requirements.
In all, based on scientific theory and advanced technology, combining with performance merit of materials, this paper, from the deterioration reason of concrete materials, combining with internal cause effect of optimization, aims to improve structure and performance of materials as well as erosion resistance and destruction from external cause. Besides, this paper also attempts to contribute on solving present durability crisis of concrete by using sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC scientifically and reasonably.
本文旨在利用硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)的快硬、早强、高强以及抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能好等性能优势,借鉴普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC的应用技术,将硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土生产技术高性能化。
本文根据SAC的性能特点,首先对其性能优化研究,以克服存在的性能缺陷。研究了能有效控制SAC快凝的缓凝剂H;能提高SAC的抗压强度,又能和SAC相容的高效减水剂AS;根据超细矿渣和粉煤灰的性能特点,利用性能优势互补原理进行了复合,通过复合掺和料代替20%的SAC,以改善SAC水化放热速度太快的问题;利用增粘剂改善高效减水剂引起的离析、板结和泌水问题。
研究了水灰比、复合掺和料、引气剂等因素对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC力学性能的影响,并与普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC进行了性能对比,以证实硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC具有较高的早期强度和稳定增长的后期强度。
研究了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的耐久性能。验证了掺加掺和料的SAC在不同水灰比条件下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能:研究了水灰比、复合掺和料、引气剂对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC抗渗性能、抗冻性能和抗碳化性能的影响;同时与普通硅酸盐水泥基HPC进行了相同条件的性能比较;建立了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的碳化速度和保护层的寿命关系预测模型。
利用SEM观察了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的结构形貌和水泥水化产物的结构特征,比较了水灰比和复合掺和料、引气剂对硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC结构及界面的影响,分析了碳化前后硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物的结构特征变化情况,根据能谱结果证明了碳化能引起AFt分解。利用XRD分析了硫铝酸盐水泥的水化产物以及碳化后水化产物的变化情况,证明AFt的特征峰在碳化后消失。利用MIP测定了硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC在加入掺和料和引气剂后的孔隙率和孔结构分布变化情况,分析了引气剂提高混凝土抗冻性能的机理。
研究了烟台—威海高速公路金山港大桥的病害原理及修补方案,制定了含钡硫铝酸盐水泥水下不分散混凝土和HPC的应用方案,成功将受到海水侵蚀损坏的大桥修补。
以上研究结果表明:利用高效减水剂AS和缓凝剂H可以有效控制硫铝酸盐水泥的水灰比和凝结时间;水灰比降低,硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC的强度明显提高,控制水灰比0.38以下就具有很好的力学性能;掺加20%掺和料的硫铝酸盐水泥有很好的抗硫酸盐和镁盐侵蚀的能力,加入掺和料可以提高混凝土的抗碳化性能,抗冻性能和抗渗性能下降:引气剂可以大幅提高混凝土的抗冻性能,降低抗渗性能和抗碳化性能。
根据以上研究结果,可以科学配制性能不同的硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC,保证不同性能需求的工程安全。
总之,以科学的理论和先进的技术为基础,结合材料的性能特点和优势,从混凝土材料性能劣化的原因着手,通过优化内因的作用改善材料的结构和性能,抵御外因的侵蚀和破坏,科学合理地应用硫铝酸盐水泥基HPC,以期为解决目前的全球性混凝土耐久性危机做出贡献。
With development of concrete science and technology, utilization scopes of concrete buildings become increasingly wide. Building concrete engineering are required in many regions with bad environment conditions, thus, concrete used in these regions should have superior durability to ensure the working life of the buildings. Based on the development and utilization of Portland cement-based concrete, combining with deterioration reason of the concrete performances in many special locations, a developing consideration using sulfoaluminate cement-based high performance concrete(HPC) to replace Portland cement-based concrete is advanced to achieve the goal of adjusting measures to local conditions and scientific development.
Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) has many superior properties such as rapid hardening, early strength, high strength and resistance of sulphate and chlorine erosion. The purpose of this paper is to improve sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC production technology by learning from the application technology of Portland cement-based HPC.
First, performance optimization of SAC was investigated based on the advantages of SAC, so as to overcome the existed performance deficiency. Retarder H which could effectively control fast-setting of SAC and high-effective water reducing agent AS that could be compatible with SAC and improve compressive strength of SAC were studied respectively. Superfine slag and fly ash were compounded taking advantage of each of their performance merits. 20% compounded blending was used to replace SAC to solve problems of SAC fast hydration exothermic velocity. Besides, adhesion agent was also used to solve problems of separation, crustification and bleeding.
Influences of water cement ratio, compounded mixture, air-entraining agent etc on mechanical properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were studied. Comparing with performance of Portland cement-based HPC, sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC was proved to have characteristic of higher early strength and steady later strength increase.
The durability of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC was studied. The sulphate resistance characteristic of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC with compounded blending was validated under different cement water ratio. The influences of water cement ratio, compounded blending and air-entraining agent on impermeability, frost resistance and carbonation resistance of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were also studied, meanwhile by comparision with Portland cement-based HPC under the same conditions and, carbonation and life prediction of protected layer models were also established.
Structural appearance and character of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were observed using SEM. The influences of water cement ratio, compounded lending and air-entraining agent on concrete structure and interface were compared, and the structural character changes of sulfoaluminate cement hydration products before and after carbonation were analyzed. The energy spectra analysis results proved that carbonation could lead to AFt decomposition. The changes of sulfoaluminate cement hydration and carbonation products were also analyzed using XRD. The results proved the disappearance of AFt characteristic peaks after carbonation. Porosity variation and pore structure distribution of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC after adding blending and air-entraining agent were measured using MIP, meanwhile the mechanism of air-entraining agent on improving frost resistance of concrete was analyzed.
The disease principle and repairing program of Jinshagang Bridge in Yantai-Weihai highway were studied. Application schemes of sulfoaluminate cement underwater non-dispersed concrete and sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC were established, which was successfully applied to repair the bridge corroded by sea water.
Analysis above showed that water cement ratio and setting time of sulfoaluminate cement could be effectively controlled by using high-effective water reducing agent AS and retarder H. The strength of sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC could be improved remarkably when decreasing water cement ratio, and superior mechanical properties could also be obtained by controlling water cement ratio less than 0.38. Sulfoaluminate cement by adding 20% blending has good ability to resist erosion from sulphate and magnesium salt. The additive of blending could improve performance of concrete to resist carbonation, while decrease the frost resistance and impermeability of concrete. The frost resistance of concrete could be improved by adding air-entraining agent, however, the impermeability and carbonation resistance would also be decreased.
Based on above results, different sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC could be fabricated through scientific mixing ratio to promise the engineering safety for different performance requirements.
In all, based on scientific theory and advanced technology, combining with performance merit of materials, this paper, from the deterioration reason of concrete materials, combining with internal cause effect of optimization, aims to improve structure and performance of materials as well as erosion resistance and destruction from external cause. Besides, this paper also attempts to contribute on solving present durability crisis of concrete by using sulfoaluminate cement-based HPC scientifically and reasonably.
引文
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