钢筋混凝土桥梁加固后时变可靠度研究
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摘要
目前,国内外对于既有钢筋混凝土梁桥的可靠度研究较多,可靠度分析理论也比较完善,但关于钢筋混凝土梁桥加固后可靠度的研究和资料较少,对于加固后桥梁动态可靠度的研究尚未见诸报道。本文就此展开研究,具有重要的工程应用价值。
本文首先阐述了钢筋混凝土桥梁可靠度分析的现状及存在问题,并以基于可靠度理论的桥梁可靠性评估方法作为重点,详细论述了可靠度理论的基本原理及计算可靠指标的基本方法：JC法和蒙特卡洛法。
其次,针对抗力衰减的问题,本文在混凝土结构耐久性研究的基础上,建立了钢筋混凝土梁桥的抗力衰减模型,并推导了梁桥采用钢板加固法前后抗力参数的计算公式。基于对钢筋混凝土桥梁的荷载效应及抗力的模型的建立和对可靠度理论和动态可靠度理论充分理解的基础上,应用Matlab语言编写出钢筋混凝土桥梁加固后的动态可靠指标计算程序。
最后,通过实际工程示例,利用编写好的计算动态可靠指标的Matlab程序计算桥梁加固后的动态可靠指标。分析时采用JC法和蒙特卡洛法两种方法进行计算并相互校核了计算结果,并分析了恒荷载变异系数、活荷载变异系数、钢板厚度等参数对加固后桥梁动态可靠指标的影响,得出了部分参数对加固后构件可靠指标的变化规律。
At present, domestic and foreign regarding already has the reinforced concrete beam-bridge reliability research to be many, reliability analysis theory is also quite perfect, but after reinforced concrete beam-bridge strengthened reliability research and the material are few, there have not been reported the studies which calculate dynamic reliability of reinforced bridge. Therefore, it is very essential to the reinforced concrete beam-bridge strengthened reliability carries on the analysis computation.
In this article, firstly, introduced the reliability analysis of reinforced concrete bridge, the status quo and existing problems. And the method based upon reliability theory is the emphasis. The basic principles of reliability theory and the basic calculation methods of reliability index:JC method and Monte Carlo method are detailed introduced.
Secondly, in the aspect of resistance degradation, based on the studies of concrete durability by the predecessors, one resisting force model is established, and the calculation formulas of the resistance parameters are deduced. Based upon the model establishment of the resistance and the load effect, and the comprehending of the reliability theory, one program used to calculate the time-dependent index of the bending member is compiled by MATLAB language.
At last, through the practical engineering examples, with compiled MATLAB procedure which calculate dynamic reliability index, calculated reinforced bridge dynamic reliability index. When analyzing, used JC method and Monte Carlo method to calculate, and checked mutually the calculation results. Meanwhile, analyzed the parameters'influence for reinforced bridge dynamic reliability index, which constant load coefficient variation, Live load coefficient variation and the thickness of the steel plate, obtained relevant variation discipline.
本文首先阐述了钢筋混凝土桥梁可靠度分析的现状及存在问题,并以基于可靠度理论的桥梁可靠性评估方法作为重点,详细论述了可靠度理论的基本原理及计算可靠指标的基本方法：JC法和蒙特卡洛法。
其次,针对抗力衰减的问题,本文在混凝土结构耐久性研究的基础上,建立了钢筋混凝土梁桥的抗力衰减模型,并推导了梁桥采用钢板加固法前后抗力参数的计算公式。基于对钢筋混凝土桥梁的荷载效应及抗力的模型的建立和对可靠度理论和动态可靠度理论充分理解的基础上,应用Matlab语言编写出钢筋混凝土桥梁加固后的动态可靠指标计算程序。
最后,通过实际工程示例,利用编写好的计算动态可靠指标的Matlab程序计算桥梁加固后的动态可靠指标。分析时采用JC法和蒙特卡洛法两种方法进行计算并相互校核了计算结果,并分析了恒荷载变异系数、活荷载变异系数、钢板厚度等参数对加固后桥梁动态可靠指标的影响,得出了部分参数对加固后构件可靠指标的变化规律。
At present, domestic and foreign regarding already has the reinforced concrete beam-bridge reliability research to be many, reliability analysis theory is also quite perfect, but after reinforced concrete beam-bridge strengthened reliability research and the material are few, there have not been reported the studies which calculate dynamic reliability of reinforced bridge. Therefore, it is very essential to the reinforced concrete beam-bridge strengthened reliability carries on the analysis computation.
In this article, firstly, introduced the reliability analysis of reinforced concrete bridge, the status quo and existing problems. And the method based upon reliability theory is the emphasis. The basic principles of reliability theory and the basic calculation methods of reliability index:JC method and Monte Carlo method are detailed introduced.
Secondly, in the aspect of resistance degradation, based on the studies of concrete durability by the predecessors, one resisting force model is established, and the calculation formulas of the resistance parameters are deduced. Based upon the model establishment of the resistance and the load effect, and the comprehending of the reliability theory, one program used to calculate the time-dependent index of the bending member is compiled by MATLAB language.
At last, through the practical engineering examples, with compiled MATLAB procedure which calculate dynamic reliability index, calculated reinforced bridge dynamic reliability index. When analyzing, used JC method and Monte Carlo method to calculate, and checked mutually the calculation results. Meanwhile, analyzed the parameters'influence for reinforced bridge dynamic reliability index, which constant load coefficient variation, Live load coefficient variation and the thickness of the steel plate, obtained relevant variation discipline.
引文
[1]J.F. Bonacci, M.Maalej. Externally bonded FRP for service life extension of RC infrastructure. Journal of Infrastructure systems,2000.6(1):p41-51.
[2]李慧峰,熊旭光.碳纤维加固桥梁应用研究.公路,2003(2)：p.103-107.
[3]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公路旧桥加固技术与实例.北京：人民交通出版社.2002.
[4]齐建模,翟全礼,张孝伦.武黄高速公路桥梁病害及加固技术.中国科技信息,2005(3)：p.113-117.
[5]李亚东.结构可靠性理论与桥梁承载能力评估.1998
[6]李桂青.结构可靠度.武汉：武汉工业大学出版社,1989.4
[7]孙晓燕.服役期及加固后的钢筋混凝土桥梁可靠性研究[D].大连理工大学图书馆,2004
[8]李桂青,李秋胜.工程结构时变可靠度理论及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2001.136-138
[9]杨伟军,张建仁,梁兴文.基于动态可靠度的服役桥梁维修加固策略.中国公路学报,2002,15(3)：49-52
[10]孙晓燕,黄承逵,赵国藩等.基于动态可靠度和经济优化相结合的服役桥梁维修加固风险决策.工程力学,2004,21(5)：5-10
[11]Allm IM, Maslehuddia M, Saricimen H, Al-mana A I. Influence of atmospheric corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing stee.Constr.And Build.Mat.,1994,8(1):35-41
[12]Dimitri V Val, Robert E.Melchers. Reliability of deteriorating RC slab bridges. Struct.Engrg.,ASCE,1997,123(12):1638-1644
[13]Michael P.Enright,Dan M.Frangopol. Service-life predication of deteriorating concrete bridges[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1998,124(3):309-317
[14]V.Geidl and S.Saunders. Calculation of reliability for timevarying loads and resistance[J]. Structural Safety,1987,4(4):285-292
[15]Amimesh Dey,Sankaran Mahadevan. Reliability estimation with time-variant loads and resistances[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(5):612-620
[16]M.G.Stewart,D.V.Rosowsky. Time-dependent reliability of deteriorating reinforced concrete buidges[J]. Structural Safety,Amsterdam,1998(20):91-109
[17]王五平,罗瑞华.基于系统可靠度分析的使用期桥梁维修方案.国外桥梁,2000(1)：60-64
[18]秦权.基于时变可靠度的桥梁检测与维修方案优化.公路,2002(9)：17-25
[19]钟正强,刘扬.永安大桥的加固改造和可靠度评估研究.中外公路,2002,22(4)：27-29
[20]王有志,王广洋,任锋等.桥梁的可靠性评估与加固.中国水利水电出版社,2002.27～59
[21]王钧利.在役桥梁检测、可靠性分析与寿命预测.北京：中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2006.3-25
[22]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫结构可靠度理论中国建筑工业出版社：北京,2000.12.
[23]唐昌辉,易伟建,沈蒲生.混凝土轴心受压柱的可靠性研究,PI.湖南大学学报,2003,30(1)：97-100.
[24]吴方伯,肖水华.基于时变可靠度的RC梁正截面承载力可靠性评估[[J].湖南大学学报,2004,31(1)：52-55.
[25]马宏旺,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土梁抗震可靠度校核以及强剪弱弯设计可靠性分析[[J].建筑结构,2000,30(10)：3-8.
[26]唐铁羽,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土结构正常使用极限状态可靠性分析[[J].工程力学,1997,14(S)：212-2200
[27]中华人民共和国国家标准.工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准(GBJ114-90).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[28]陈定外译,何广乾校.结构可靠性总原则(ISO 2394：1998).中国工程建设标准化协会、建设部标准定额站,1999
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构设计统一标准(GBJ68-84).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[30]朱建俊,碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件研究及可靠性分析,浙江工业大学硕士论文,2003.3。
[31]国家质量技术监督局、中华人民共和国建设部,公路工程结构可靠度统一标准(GB／T 50283-1999),北京：中国计划出版社,1999
[32]牛荻涛,王庆霖,一般大气环境下混凝土强度经时变化模型,工业建筑,1995(6)：36～38
[33]牛荻涛,陈亦奇,于澍,混凝土结构的碳化模式与碳化寿命分析,西安建筑科技大学学报,1995,27(4)：365～369
[34]李广慧,杜朝,蒋晓东,在役建筑结构的剩余寿命预测,郑州工业大学学报,1999(3)：6～9
[35]赵习羽,钢筋混凝土结构粘结性能与耐久性的研究,[硕士学位论文],杭州：浙江大学,2001
[36]牛荻涛,王庆霖,董振平,服役结构抗力的概率模型及其统计参数,西安建筑科技大学学报,1997,29(4)：355～359
[37]郭修武,公路桥梁恒载的统计分析,公路1993(6)36-39
[38]李扬海,鲍卫刚等,公路桥梁结构可靠度与概率极限状态设计,北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[39]余丹如译桥梁设计的荷载与抗力系数法.河北公路.1989.No.4
[40]Nowak A.S.and Hong Y.K., Bridge live load models. J. struct. Eng. ASCE.117(9),1991
[41]T.J.Miao, T.H.T. Chan, Bridge live load models from WIM data, Engineering Structures 24(2002)1071-1084
[42]杨伟军、梁兴文,服役桥梁评估荷载分析,中南公路工程,2002.9,第27期
[43]Mark G. Stewart, Dimitri V. Val, Role of load history in reliability-based decision analysis of aging bridges. Journal of structural engineering, July 1999 776-783
[44]“公路桥梁车辆荷载研究”课题组,公路桥梁车辆荷载研究1997(3)8-13
[45]中华人民共和国建设部、国家质量监督检验验疫总局,工程结构可靠度设计统一标准(GB50153-92)
[46]贡金鑫,工程结构可靠度计算方法,大连：大连理工出版社,2003
[47]赵尚传,赵国藩,基于可靠性的在役混凝土结构剩余使用寿命预测,建筑科学,2001,17(5),19～22
[2]李慧峰,熊旭光.碳纤维加固桥梁应用研究.公路,2003(2)：p.103-107.
[3]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公路旧桥加固技术与实例.北京：人民交通出版社.2002.
[4]齐建模,翟全礼,张孝伦.武黄高速公路桥梁病害及加固技术.中国科技信息,2005(3)：p.113-117.
[5]李亚东.结构可靠性理论与桥梁承载能力评估.1998
[6]李桂青.结构可靠度.武汉：武汉工业大学出版社,1989.4
[7]孙晓燕.服役期及加固后的钢筋混凝土桥梁可靠性研究[D].大连理工大学图书馆,2004
[8]李桂青,李秋胜.工程结构时变可靠度理论及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2001.136-138
[9]杨伟军,张建仁,梁兴文.基于动态可靠度的服役桥梁维修加固策略.中国公路学报,2002,15(3)：49-52
[10]孙晓燕,黄承逵,赵国藩等.基于动态可靠度和经济优化相结合的服役桥梁维修加固风险决策.工程力学,2004,21(5)：5-10
[11]Allm IM, Maslehuddia M, Saricimen H, Al-mana A I. Influence of atmospheric corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing stee.Constr.And Build.Mat.,1994,8(1):35-41
[12]Dimitri V Val, Robert E.Melchers. Reliability of deteriorating RC slab bridges. Struct.Engrg.,ASCE,1997,123(12):1638-1644
[13]Michael P.Enright,Dan M.Frangopol. Service-life predication of deteriorating concrete bridges[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1998,124(3):309-317
[14]V.Geidl and S.Saunders. Calculation of reliability for timevarying loads and resistance[J]. Structural Safety,1987,4(4):285-292
[15]Amimesh Dey,Sankaran Mahadevan. Reliability estimation with time-variant loads and resistances[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(5):612-620
[16]M.G.Stewart,D.V.Rosowsky. Time-dependent reliability of deteriorating reinforced concrete buidges[J]. Structural Safety,Amsterdam,1998(20):91-109
[17]王五平,罗瑞华.基于系统可靠度分析的使用期桥梁维修方案.国外桥梁,2000(1)：60-64
[18]秦权.基于时变可靠度的桥梁检测与维修方案优化.公路,2002(9)：17-25
[19]钟正强,刘扬.永安大桥的加固改造和可靠度评估研究.中外公路,2002,22(4)：27-29
[20]王有志,王广洋,任锋等.桥梁的可靠性评估与加固.中国水利水电出版社,2002.27～59
[21]王钧利.在役桥梁检测、可靠性分析与寿命预测.北京：中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2006.3-25
[22]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫结构可靠度理论中国建筑工业出版社：北京,2000.12.
[23]唐昌辉,易伟建,沈蒲生.混凝土轴心受压柱的可靠性研究,PI.湖南大学学报,2003,30(1)：97-100.
[24]吴方伯,肖水华.基于时变可靠度的RC梁正截面承载力可靠性评估[[J].湖南大学学报,2004,31(1)：52-55.
[25]马宏旺,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土梁抗震可靠度校核以及强剪弱弯设计可靠性分析[[J].建筑结构,2000,30(10)：3-8.
[26]唐铁羽,赵国藩.钢筋混凝土结构正常使用极限状态可靠性分析[[J].工程力学,1997,14(S)：212-2200
[27]中华人民共和国国家标准.工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准(GBJ114-90).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[28]陈定外译,何广乾校.结构可靠性总原则(ISO 2394：1998).中国工程建设标准化协会、建设部标准定额站,1999
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构设计统一标准(GBJ68-84).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[30]朱建俊,碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件研究及可靠性分析,浙江工业大学硕士论文,2003.3。
[31]国家质量技术监督局、中华人民共和国建设部,公路工程结构可靠度统一标准(GB／T 50283-1999),北京：中国计划出版社,1999
[32]牛荻涛,王庆霖,一般大气环境下混凝土强度经时变化模型,工业建筑,1995(6)：36～38
[33]牛荻涛,陈亦奇,于澍,混凝土结构的碳化模式与碳化寿命分析,西安建筑科技大学学报,1995,27(4)：365～369
[34]李广慧,杜朝,蒋晓东,在役建筑结构的剩余寿命预测,郑州工业大学学报,1999(3)：6～9
[35]赵习羽,钢筋混凝土结构粘结性能与耐久性的研究,[硕士学位论文],杭州：浙江大学,2001
[36]牛荻涛,王庆霖,董振平,服役结构抗力的概率模型及其统计参数,西安建筑科技大学学报,1997,29(4)：355～359
[37]郭修武,公路桥梁恒载的统计分析,公路1993(6)36-39
[38]李扬海,鲍卫刚等,公路桥梁结构可靠度与概率极限状态设计,北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[39]余丹如译桥梁设计的荷载与抗力系数法.河北公路.1989.No.4
[40]Nowak A.S.and Hong Y.K., Bridge live load models. J. struct. Eng. ASCE.117(9),1991
[41]T.J.Miao, T.H.T. Chan, Bridge live load models from WIM data, Engineering Structures 24(2002)1071-1084
[42]杨伟军、梁兴文,服役桥梁评估荷载分析,中南公路工程,2002.9,第27期
[43]Mark G. Stewart, Dimitri V. Val, Role of load history in reliability-based decision analysis of aging bridges. Journal of structural engineering, July 1999 776-783
[44]“公路桥梁车辆荷载研究”课题组,公路桥梁车辆荷载研究1997(3)8-13
[45]中华人民共和国建设部、国家质量监督检验验疫总局,工程结构可靠度设计统一标准(GB50153-92)
[46]贡金鑫,工程结构可靠度计算方法,大连：大连理工出版社,2003
[47]赵尚传,赵国藩,基于可靠性的在役混凝土结构剩余使用寿命预测,建筑科学,2001,17(5),19～22