福建省CGE模型研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,福建省作为沿海开放省份,经济获得了相对较快的发展,2000年人均GDP在全国排名第六,已挤进经济强省之列。但是经济总量小,发展后劲不足的缺点也越来越明显,如果不能积极采取正确、有效的政策加以引导和改革,福建的未来发展状况就令人担忧。而可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)经过近30多年的发展,已被证明是一个非常有效的政策分析和预测工具,其理论上的主要优势就是CGE模型有着清晰的微观经济结构和宏观与微观变量之间的内在联系,通过CGE模型,对不同政策选择的争论最终归结为在行为假设模型参数和所考虑的政策目标方面的差异,可以作为政策分析人员和决策者之间沟通的桥梁,成为他们对话的基础;同时,CGE模型的一般均衡框架使它能描述多个市场和结构的相互作用,可以估计某一特殊政策变化所带来的直接和间接的影响,以及对经济整体全局性的影响。本文就从这一角度出发,提出了福建省构建CGE模型的必要性和迫切性,然后结合福建省统计数据的实际情况,编制出福建省社会核算矩阵,形成了一个均衡一致的数据集,在此基础上构建出了一福建省六部门开放的CGE模型,主要用校准和计量经济学相结合的方法对模型的相关参数进行了估计。在模型的相关参数确定以后,对其在政策(主要是财政和税收政策)分析和预测方面的应用进行了实际的模拟,并得出了较好的结论,认为从降低城镇居民和农村居民可支配收入的差距和提高经济发展速度角度来看,提高城镇居民所得税和同时增加对城镇和农村居民的转移支付比单纯提高所得税或是增加转移支付的效果要好;同时增加政府消费支出和对居民的转移支付比单纯的实施一种方式要好,并且当对农村居民的转移支付相对于城镇居民力度大一些的时候效果更好。
    本文共分为六个部分对福建省CGE进行了较为系统的介绍。第一部分作为引言,主要对本文研究问题的背景、国内外的研究现状以及本文的研究思路和创新点作一介绍;第二部分主要是CGE的理论综述,包括CGE模型构建的理论基础、其主要特征和应用优势、应用的局限性以及CGE理论的新发展及未来发展前景;第三部分针对福建省经济发展过程中存在的问题进行了详细的阐述和分析,提出了福建省构建CGE模型的必要性;第四部分主要是介绍了本文的所构建的六部分开放的CGE模型的变量、参数和方程;第五部分编制了福建省的社会核算矩阵,并进行了参数的估计;最后一部分主要是进行模型的求解和应用,对不同的政策进行了评价和选择。
In recent years, development of the economy in Fujian province was improved quickly as one of the first opening provinces in eastern China. She has become one of the most developed provinces and her per capita GDP in 2000 ranked the sixth among all the provinces of China. However, the disadvantages of lower GDP and short of successive development are more and more obvious. It is believed that the development foreground of Fujian province will not be satisfactory if nothing is done in policy analysis and economic forecasting. As a means of policy analysis and economic forecasting, the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) has developed for more than 30 years and been proved to be very available and important in these areas. The main advantage of CGE is that it has distinct microstructure in economy and internal relationship between macroscopic and microcomsic variables, and that through it, the argument on selection of different polices is transformed into the difference in parameter hypothesis of behavior model and policy goals involved. What’s more, the general equilibrium frame of CGE make it easy to describe the interaction among different kinds of markets or structures and estimate the direct or indirect influence made by the change of certain policy and its effect on the whole economy. In the present study, the necessity and emergency designing CGE model of Fujian province was proposed, and according to the physical truth of statistical data, a social accounting matrix was made, and a balancing and consistent data set completed. On the basis of the above-mentioned work, a six-sector open CGE model for Fujian province, and estimation of the related parameters in this model using calibration and econometrics, were developed. And then, this model was applied to policy analysis (such as finance and revenue) and economic forecasting of Fujian province. It is demonstrated that as for decreasing the difference of the disposable income between people in town and in country and improving the development of economy, increasing the income tax of urban people and at the same time raising the transfer payment of peasants can bring a little better effect than either, and improving the government consumer expenditure and simultaneously increasing the resident transfer payment are better than either, and
    
    
    much better when transfer payment to peasantry is higher than that to urban group.
    The present paper includes six parts describing the CGE system for Fujian province in details. In the first part, the background and actuality of research in domestic and abroad and the innovation of this paper were introduceded. The second part shows the basic theory of CGE including principle basis, main properties, advantages in application, limitation in using and the new development in the future. In the third part, problems in the process of economic improvement and necessity of designing CGE model of Fujian province were proposed and elaborated. The fourth one mainly introduced all the parameters, variables and equations involved in the six-sector open CGE model presented in this paper, and then a social counting matrix for Fujian province was established and the relative parameters were also estimated in the fifth part. In the end, this model was solved and applied to estimate and select different policies.
引文
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