输出串联型高压脉冲电源的研制
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摘要
绝缘材料在电机、变压器以及电容器等电气设备中的应用极为广泛,电气设备的绝缘性能往往决定了其运行寿命的长短。绝缘材料的寿命或电气设备的绝缘寿命可通过施加高频、高压、高上升率的脉冲电压进行绝缘老化试验来评估和预测。本论文的主要工作为研制绝缘老化试验电源,重点解决高电压、高上升率、单双极性切换等问题。
论文对目前可用于高压脉冲电源设计的几种主要拓扑结构的优点和缺点进行了分析,选择了直流侧隔离、交流侧多个同步工作的高频单项逆变器直接串联输出的技术方案。逆变器直接输出可保证较短的上升时间,而模块串联可实现高电压,各模块同步驱动保证各逆变器的输出电压同步变化,通过调节逆变器的驱动方式,可实现双极性脉冲与单极性脉冲两种方式输出,满足不同情况下的绝缘老化测试需求。
针对所选用的技术方案,设计了高压脉冲电源系统。系统包括主控制板与一系列脉冲电源模块。主控制板以TMS320F2812数字信号控制器为核心,通过接收上位机信号,调节输出电压与发出同步驱动信号。脉冲电源模块以CPLD与MOSFET等元件为核心,实现同步脉冲的输出、脉冲极性的切换。
实验结果显示输出串联型高压脉冲电源可输出预期的高压与高上升率,能够切换输出脉冲的极性。验证了输出串联模式下,输出脉冲上升率几乎是每个脉冲电源模块输出脉冲上升率的叠加。同时对实验过程中的一些经验进行了记录和总结,并分析了输出串联模式下,导致降低输出的高压脉冲上升率的原因,即各模块逆变电路驱动不同步的主要因素,并提出了改进的方法。通过测试电源的参数指标,电源可达到设计目标。
The Application of insulation is very extensive on power devices such as motors, transformers and capacitors. The insulation material determines power devices' service life, the insulation material performance or power devices' service life could be estimated and predicted by insulation aging test with high frequency, high voltage and high rise rate pulses. This paper mainly works on developing an insulation aging test pulse generator, to solve problems on high voltage, high rise rate and switching the output pulse polarity.
The paper analyzed the benefits and drawbacks of some circuit topologies available in high-voltage pulse generator designs, and selected the cascaded inverters that DC sides are isolated, and AC sides works synchronously. The inverters output pulses directly to ensure high rise rate, and cascading makes high voltage. Power modules are driven synchronously to assure the inverters' output rise together. Through different driving methods the pulses could be switched between unipolar and bipolar, to meet different testing requirements.
According to the scheme, a high-voltage pulse generator was designed. The system includes a control board and a series of power modules. The control board takes TMS320F2812digital signal controller as the core. Through receiving the upper computer's instructs, the control board adjusts the output voltage, and transmits the synchronal driving signal. The power modules are based on CPLD and MOSFET, to convert AC220V to pulses.
The experiment results shows that the high-voltage pulse generator could output the predicted high voltage and high rise rate, and the pulse polarity can be switched. The pulse rise rate of the cascade system is almost the sum of every single module output rise rate. Some experiences in experiments were logged, the reasons that cause the out-sync effect of power modules and reduce the pulse rise rate when outputs are connected in series are also analyzed, and propel solutions were given. Through parameter measurements, the pulse generator meets the requirements.
论文对目前可用于高压脉冲电源设计的几种主要拓扑结构的优点和缺点进行了分析,选择了直流侧隔离、交流侧多个同步工作的高频单项逆变器直接串联输出的技术方案。逆变器直接输出可保证较短的上升时间,而模块串联可实现高电压,各模块同步驱动保证各逆变器的输出电压同步变化,通过调节逆变器的驱动方式,可实现双极性脉冲与单极性脉冲两种方式输出,满足不同情况下的绝缘老化测试需求。
针对所选用的技术方案,设计了高压脉冲电源系统。系统包括主控制板与一系列脉冲电源模块。主控制板以TMS320F2812数字信号控制器为核心,通过接收上位机信号,调节输出电压与发出同步驱动信号。脉冲电源模块以CPLD与MOSFET等元件为核心,实现同步脉冲的输出、脉冲极性的切换。
实验结果显示输出串联型高压脉冲电源可输出预期的高压与高上升率,能够切换输出脉冲的极性。验证了输出串联模式下,输出脉冲上升率几乎是每个脉冲电源模块输出脉冲上升率的叠加。同时对实验过程中的一些经验进行了记录和总结,并分析了输出串联模式下,导致降低输出的高压脉冲上升率的原因,即各模块逆变电路驱动不同步的主要因素,并提出了改进的方法。通过测试电源的参数指标,电源可达到设计目标。
The Application of insulation is very extensive on power devices such as motors, transformers and capacitors. The insulation material determines power devices' service life, the insulation material performance or power devices' service life could be estimated and predicted by insulation aging test with high frequency, high voltage and high rise rate pulses. This paper mainly works on developing an insulation aging test pulse generator, to solve problems on high voltage, high rise rate and switching the output pulse polarity.
The paper analyzed the benefits and drawbacks of some circuit topologies available in high-voltage pulse generator designs, and selected the cascaded inverters that DC sides are isolated, and AC sides works synchronously. The inverters output pulses directly to ensure high rise rate, and cascading makes high voltage. Power modules are driven synchronously to assure the inverters' output rise together. Through different driving methods the pulses could be switched between unipolar and bipolar, to meet different testing requirements.
According to the scheme, a high-voltage pulse generator was designed. The system includes a control board and a series of power modules. The control board takes TMS320F2812digital signal controller as the core. Through receiving the upper computer's instructs, the control board adjusts the output voltage, and transmits the synchronal driving signal. The power modules are based on CPLD and MOSFET, to convert AC220V to pulses.
The experiment results shows that the high-voltage pulse generator could output the predicted high voltage and high rise rate, and the pulse polarity can be switched. The pulse rise rate of the cascade system is almost the sum of every single module output rise rate. Some experiences in experiments were logged, the reasons that cause the out-sync effect of power modules and reduce the pulse rise rate when outputs are connected in series are also analyzed, and propel solutions were given. Through parameter measurements, the pulse generator meets the requirements.
引文
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[3]吴红光,曹科峰,梁川等.300 kV高压脉冲发生器[J].高能量密度物理,2010,3(10)：165-169.
[4]王晓军,陈平,杨大为.高压陡脉冲发生器的研制[J].强激光与粒子束,1992,4(2)：228-229.
[5]林同光.基于连续高压方波脉冲绝缘老化试验系统[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2006.
[6]刘敬珺.H桥级联型多电平逆变器的研究[D].上海交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2011.
[7]久保寺忠.高速数字电路设计与安装技巧[M].冯杰,盖强,樊东译.北京：科学出版社,2006：73.
[8]汤山俊夫.数字电路设计[M].关静,胡圣尧译.北京：科学出版社,2006：25.
[9]王兆安,张明勋等.电力电子设备设计和应用手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[10]Abraham I. Pressman开关电源设计[M].王志强等译.第二版.北京：电子工业出版社,2005.
[11]王诚,蔡海宁,吴继华Altera FPGA/CPLD设计[M].第二版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2010：60-61.
[12]Sanjaya Maniktana.精通开关电源设计[M].王志强译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：166.
[13]佟来生,吴广宁,林同光等.一种用于脉冲绝缘老化试验的高压脉冲电源[J].高电压技术,2005,31(10)：1.
[14]巩春志,田修波,曹珍恩.10kV等离子体表面改性高压脉冲电源[J].强激光与粒子束,2011,19(7).
[15]丁明军,贾兴,于治国.基于MOSFET的正向幅度高压脉冲信号源设计[J].高能量密度物理,2009,2(6)：62-63.
[16]韩冬,付祥波,宋暾防.脉冲电压对电机定子绝缘影响的试验研究[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(2)：54-57.
[17]甘孔银,汤宝寅,王浪平等.10 kV绝缘栅双极型晶体管固体开关的研制[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(10)：1033-1036.
[18]戚栋,王宁会.一种级联型结构的固体开关式高压脉冲电源的研制[J].电子器件,2006,29(4)：1081-1084.
[19]周力任,吴广宁,罗杨等.变频电机用电磁线击穿机制实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(30)：104-109.
[20]康骏,黄慧洁,管兆杰等.变频电机绝缘系统鉴定试验研究分析[J].电机与控制应用,2011,38(2)：56-59.
[21]王水平,王亚聪,白丽娜等.MOSFET/IGBT驱动集成电路及应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009,286-291.
[22]温志开,郭育华,何丽梅等.模块化绝缘老化试验高压脉冲电源的研制[J].电力电子技术,2010,44(5)：73-74.陈灿,周天佑,温志开.高压脉冲串联模块的驱动电路[J].电气开关,2010,2,38-39.
[23]汪佛池,律方成,徐志钮等.变频电机用聚酰亚胺薄膜电老化特性研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(4)：30-32.
[24]杨汝,朱红萍MOSFET栅极驱动的优化设计[J].通信电源技术,2002,(4)：12-14.
[25]刘电霆,张声岚,钱三来等.变频电机绝缘材料失效主要因素与寿命评估方法[J].绝缘材料,2011,44(5)：55-58.
[26]Weijun Yin, Keith Bultemeier, Don Barta, et al. Critical Factors for Early Failure of Magnet Wires in Inverter-fed Motor [A]. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena[C].1995:258-261.
[27]薛志勇,朱玫,李学慧.等离子体制备氮化铁磁流体用高频高压脉冲电源的研制[J].大连大学学报,2003,24(2).
[28]M.Kauhold. Electrical stress and failure mechanism of the winding insulation in PWM-inverter-Fed low-voltage induction motors [J]. IEEE Transactions Industrial Elecrtonies.2000,47(2):396-402.
[29]Hudon C, Amyot N, Jean D. Long Term Behavior of Corona Resistant Insulation Compared to Standard Insulation of Magnet Wire [A]. Conference Record of the 2000 International Symposium on Electrical Insulation [C].2000:13-16.
[30]屠德民,王霞.变频电机用漆包线绝缘耐脉冲电压强度测试装置的研制[J].绝缘材料,2005,(2)：46-49.
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