统一电能质量调节器的控制方法研究
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摘要
统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)是从有源电力滤波器(APF)发展而来的。它将串联有源滤波器和并联有源滤波器结合起来,从而可以充分发挥串、并联有源滤波器在电力系统应用中的优势,具备综合的电能质量调节功能。在电能质量问题日益严重的今天,UPQC无疑拥有着广阔的应用前景。
本文首先对电网中的电能质量问题进行了说明,然后简要介绍了有源滤波技术的发展和现状,并在此基础上,对UPQC的拓扑结构和补偿原理进行了分析。接着,针对影响UPOC补偿效果的两个重要环节——检测和控制方法,进行了较为详细的研究和探讨。
在检测方面,对当前谐波检测的各类方法进行了介绍和比较,并在此基础上,结合UPQC的补偿思想,理论推导了基于Park变换的UPQC电压电流综合检测算法。在畸变量不含谐波时,对检测方法做了改进,使检测的实时性更好。对检测方法进行了相应的仿真研究,以验证其有效性。
在控制方法上,首先对现有的滞环控制和三角载波比较控制进行了说明,然后对UPQC的数学模型进行了详细的推导和分析。在dq坐标系下,UPQC的数学模型是一个耦合的非线性系统,针对该系统,本文采用了两种方法来设计控制器,一种是采用PI调节的前馈解耦控制方法,另一种是采用逆系统解耦的变结构控制方法。最后对这两种方法进行仿真比较。UPOC直流侧电容电压的稳定是由PI调节来实现的。
The Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC)is an evolvement of The Active Power Filter (APF). It can bring the advantages of both the series active filter and the shunt active filter into play in power system, which provides comprehensive power quality compensations, by combining the series part with the shunt part. For this reason, it is considered to have extensive prospect nowadays when power quality problem is more seriously concerned.
Power quality problem in the system is recounted firstly in this thesis, the development and actuality of APF are introduced afterward, in the basis of which, this thesis explains the topology and the function of the UPQC. Then, the detection method and the control strategy, which are the important parts affecting the compensation effect of the UPQC, are discussed and investigated in detail.
In the detection part, several kinds of methods are introduced and compared with. Integrating the compensating theory of the UPQC, this paper deduces the detecting method of voltage and current based on Park transformation in theory. The method is improved on to get the detection results in good time when the harmonics are not included in the abnormal content. Then, some relevant research is done in simulation to testify the validity of the detecting method.
In the control part, the hysteresis control and the triangle carrier wave control are firstly introduced. Afterward, the model of UPQC is deduced detailedly. Considering that UPQC is a coupling nonlinear system in synchronous rotating dq coordinate system, two methods are adopted to design the controller. One is state-feedback decouple control method with PI adjustment, while the other is variable structure control method using inverse-system technique. Some relevant research and comparison are made in simulation.The stabilization of capacitance voltage in the direct current side is realized by PI control.
本文首先对电网中的电能质量问题进行了说明,然后简要介绍了有源滤波技术的发展和现状,并在此基础上,对UPQC的拓扑结构和补偿原理进行了分析。接着,针对影响UPOC补偿效果的两个重要环节——检测和控制方法,进行了较为详细的研究和探讨。
在检测方面,对当前谐波检测的各类方法进行了介绍和比较,并在此基础上,结合UPQC的补偿思想,理论推导了基于Park变换的UPQC电压电流综合检测算法。在畸变量不含谐波时,对检测方法做了改进,使检测的实时性更好。对检测方法进行了相应的仿真研究,以验证其有效性。
在控制方法上,首先对现有的滞环控制和三角载波比较控制进行了说明,然后对UPQC的数学模型进行了详细的推导和分析。在dq坐标系下,UPQC的数学模型是一个耦合的非线性系统,针对该系统,本文采用了两种方法来设计控制器,一种是采用PI调节的前馈解耦控制方法,另一种是采用逆系统解耦的变结构控制方法。最后对这两种方法进行仿真比较。UPOC直流侧电容电压的稳定是由PI调节来实现的。
The Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC)is an evolvement of The Active Power Filter (APF). It can bring the advantages of both the series active filter and the shunt active filter into play in power system, which provides comprehensive power quality compensations, by combining the series part with the shunt part. For this reason, it is considered to have extensive prospect nowadays when power quality problem is more seriously concerned.
Power quality problem in the system is recounted firstly in this thesis, the development and actuality of APF are introduced afterward, in the basis of which, this thesis explains the topology and the function of the UPQC. Then, the detection method and the control strategy, which are the important parts affecting the compensation effect of the UPQC, are discussed and investigated in detail.
In the detection part, several kinds of methods are introduced and compared with. Integrating the compensating theory of the UPQC, this paper deduces the detecting method of voltage and current based on Park transformation in theory. The method is improved on to get the detection results in good time when the harmonics are not included in the abnormal content. Then, some relevant research is done in simulation to testify the validity of the detecting method.
In the control part, the hysteresis control and the triangle carrier wave control are firstly introduced. Afterward, the model of UPQC is deduced detailedly. Considering that UPQC is a coupling nonlinear system in synchronous rotating dq coordinate system, two methods are adopted to design the controller. One is state-feedback decouple control method with PI adjustment, while the other is variable structure control method using inverse-system technique. Some relevant research and comparison are made in simulation.The stabilization of capacitance voltage in the direct current side is realized by PI control.
引文
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[3]Conroy E.Power Monitoring and Harmonic Problems in the Modern Building[J].IEEE Power Engineering Journal,2001,15(2)
[4]程浩忠,艾芊.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[5]Chow Dury H B.Power Quality[J].IEEE Potentials,2001,20(2):5-11.
[6]胡铭,陈衍.用户电力技术在配电系统的应用[J].电力自动化设备,1999,19(6):24-26
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[8]Bollen M H J.Understanding power quality problems,voltage sags and interruptions[M].IEEE PRESS,2000
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[13]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998
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[15]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic flux compensation considerations on basic design.IEEE Trans.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
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[20]赵特.有源电力滤波器控制器的研制及其应用[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007
[21]Hideaki Fujita,Hirofumi Akagi.The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series- and Shunt-Active Filters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.13,No.2,Mar.1998:315-322
[22]李国勇,刘汉奎,徐殿国,王炎.统一电能质量调节器的研究[J].电力电子技术.2003,(27)1:74-78
[23]李鹏,陈志业,尹华丽等.统一电能质量控制器及其控制信号检测方法探讨[J].华北电力大学学报.2002,129(2):1-5
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[25]何大愚.柔性交流输电控制器及在我国开发应用的建议[J].电网技术.1996,20(7)
[26]陈国柱,吕征宇,钱照明.有源电力滤波器的一般原理及应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2000,20(9):17-21
[27]王晓钰,叶英华,何益宏等.双变流器结构通用电能质量控制装置的仿真及实验[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(8):63-67
[28]朱鹏程,李勋,康勇等.统一电能质量控制器的控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8):67-73
[29]梅慧楠.统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)检测控制方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[30]M.Shafiee Khoor,M.Machmoum.Simplified Analogical Control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists.June 2005,2565-2570
[31]朱桂萍,王树民.电能质量控制技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(19):28-31
[32]蒋平,邓俊雄,曹莹.一种先进的电网谐波检测方法[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):70-74
[33]祁才君,王小海.基于插值FFT算法的谐波参数估计[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(1):92-95
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[36]王建赜,冉启文,纪延超,柳焯.基于小波变换的时变谐波检测[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(8):52-55
[37]Fang Zhengpeng,George W.Ott,Jr.,Donald J.Adams.Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation Based on the Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.13,No.6,Nov.1998,1174-1181
[38]梅慧楠,朱中华,程时杰.基于Park变换的UPQC检测方法研究[J].电力科学与工程,2005,1:17-21
[39]顾建军,刘汉奎,徐殿国.统一电能质量调节器的实验研究[J].电力系统自动化.2002,26(19):45-47
[40]梁金成.统一电能质量调节器的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007
[41]Rukonuzzaman,M.Nakaoka,M.Single phase shunt active power filter with harmonic detection.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings Vol.149,Issues,Sept,2002:343-350
[42]赵卫东.统一电能质量控制器的研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2006
[43]刘金锟.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第2版)[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[44]李承,邹云屏.串联型有源电力滤波器的单周控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2004,29(15):49-52
[45]李玉梅,马伟明.无差拍控制在串联电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电力系统自动化.2001,25(4):25-30
[46]周兴家,沈沉,梅生伟.并联型有源滤波器H_∞控制设计[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(8):45-48
[47]吴士昌,吴忠强.自适应控制(第2版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[48]M.EI-Habrouk,M.K.Darwish,PMehta.Active power filters:a review.IEE Proc-Elertr.Power Appl,Vol.147,No.5,SeP.2000:403-413
[49]J.R.Vazquez,P.Salmeron.Active power filter control using neural network technologies.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings Vol.150,Issue2,Mar.2003:139-145
[50]Ye Y,Kazerani M,Quintana V H.A novel modeling and control method for three-phase PWM converters.PESC.2001 IEEE 32th Annual.2001,1:102-107
[51]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[52]高为炳.变结构控制的理论及设计方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[53]A.Isidori,Nonlinear Control Systems,2~(nd) Ed..Berlin:Spring-Verlag,1989.
[54]卢强,孙元章.电力系统非线性控制[M].北京:科学出版社,1993
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[57]杨君,王兆安.并联型电力有源滤波器直流侧电压的控制[J].电力电子技术,1996,4:13-16
[2]占勇,程浩忠.电能质量对电网安全的影响及应对措施[J].安徽电力,2008,25(3):16-19
[3]Conroy E.Power Monitoring and Harmonic Problems in the Modern Building[J].IEEE Power Engineering Journal,2001,15(2)
[4]程浩忠,艾芊.电能质量[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[5]Chow Dury H B.Power Quality[J].IEEE Potentials,2001,20(2):5-11.
[6]胡铭,陈衍.用户电力技术在配电系统的应用[J].电力自动化设备,1999,19(6):24-26
[7]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘连光.供电系统电能质量[M].北京:华北电力大学出版社,2000
[8]Bollen M H J.Understanding power quality problems,voltage sags and interruptions[M].IEEE PRESS,2000
[9]李群,潘震东.电网电能质量污染危害和影响[J].电世界,2002,7
[10]林海雪.对电能质量改善的几点看法[J].电网技术,1994,18(4):55-58
[11]蒋平,赵剑峰,唐国庆.电能质量问题及其治理方法[J].江苏电机工程,2003,22(1):16-18.
[12]H.Akagi.New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning[J].IEEE Trans on Ind Appl.1996,32(6):1312-1322
[13]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[14]Bird B M,Marsh J F,Mclellan P R.Harmonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequency current injection.Proc IEE,1996,116(10):1730-1734
[15]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic flux compensation considerations on basic design.IEEE Trans.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
[16]L.Gyugyi,E.C.Strycula,Active ac power filters,Proceedings of IEEE IAS Annual meeting,1976:529-535
[17]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,1996
[18]H.Akagi,Y Kanazawa,A.Nabae.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits[J].IEEE&JIEE.Proceedings IPEC.Tokyo:IEEE,Japan,1983:1375-1386
[19]罗德凌,周方圆,唐朝辉.有源电力滤波器的研究现状与发展动向[J].国外电子测量技术.2006,25(2):1-5
[20]赵特.有源电力滤波器控制器的研制及其应用[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007
[21]Hideaki Fujita,Hirofumi Akagi.The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series- and Shunt-Active Filters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.13,No.2,Mar.1998:315-322
[22]李国勇,刘汉奎,徐殿国,王炎.统一电能质量调节器的研究[J].电力电子技术.2003,(27)1:74-78
[23]李鹏,陈志业,尹华丽等.统一电能质量控制器及其控制信号检测方法探讨[J].华北电力大学学报.2002,129(2):1-5
[24]查晓明.统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)的理论研究及其实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2001
[25]何大愚.柔性交流输电控制器及在我国开发应用的建议[J].电网技术.1996,20(7)
[26]陈国柱,吕征宇,钱照明.有源电力滤波器的一般原理及应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2000,20(9):17-21
[27]王晓钰,叶英华,何益宏等.双变流器结构通用电能质量控制装置的仿真及实验[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(8):63-67
[28]朱鹏程,李勋,康勇等.统一电能质量控制器的控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8):67-73
[29]梅慧楠.统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)检测控制方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[30]M.Shafiee Khoor,M.Machmoum.Simplified Analogical Control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists.June 2005,2565-2570
[31]朱桂萍,王树民.电能质量控制技术综述[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(19):28-31
[32]蒋平,邓俊雄,曹莹.一种先进的电网谐波检测方法[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(6):70-74
[33]祁才君,王小海.基于插值FFT算法的谐波参数估计[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(1):92-95
[34]罗世国,侯振程.一种谐波及无功电流的自适应检测方法[J].电工技术学报,1993,(3):42-46
[35]王群,吴宁,王兆安.一种基于人工神经网络的电力谐波测量方法[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(11):35-39
[36]王建赜,冉启文,纪延超,柳焯.基于小波变换的时变谐波检测[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(8):52-55
[37]Fang Zhengpeng,George W.Ott,Jr.,Donald J.Adams.Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation Based on the Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.13,No.6,Nov.1998,1174-1181
[38]梅慧楠,朱中华,程时杰.基于Park变换的UPQC检测方法研究[J].电力科学与工程,2005,1:17-21
[39]顾建军,刘汉奎,徐殿国.统一电能质量调节器的实验研究[J].电力系统自动化.2002,26(19):45-47
[40]梁金成.统一电能质量调节器的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007
[41]Rukonuzzaman,M.Nakaoka,M.Single phase shunt active power filter with harmonic detection.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings Vol.149,Issues,Sept,2002:343-350
[42]赵卫东.统一电能质量控制器的研究[D].内蒙古工业大学,2006
[43]刘金锟.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第2版)[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[44]李承,邹云屏.串联型有源电力滤波器的单周控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2004,29(15):49-52
[45]李玉梅,马伟明.无差拍控制在串联电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电力系统自动化.2001,25(4):25-30
[46]周兴家,沈沉,梅生伟.并联型有源滤波器H_∞控制设计[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(8):45-48
[47]吴士昌,吴忠强.自适应控制(第2版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[48]M.EI-Habrouk,M.K.Darwish,PMehta.Active power filters:a review.IEE Proc-Elertr.Power Appl,Vol.147,No.5,SeP.2000:403-413
[49]J.R.Vazquez,P.Salmeron.Active power filter control using neural network technologies.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings Vol.150,Issue2,Mar.2003:139-145
[50]Ye Y,Kazerani M,Quintana V H.A novel modeling and control method for three-phase PWM converters.PESC.2001 IEEE 32th Annual.2001,1:102-107
[51]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003
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