配电网的谐波抑制和无功补偿
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摘要
配电网的谐波抑制和无功补偿是一个比较新的研究和实践领域,随着对电能质量要求不断提高,这一领域愈加引起电力工作人员的重视。由于静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)比静止无功补偿器(SVC)具有响应快、提高电压暂态稳定性效果好以及谐波含量低等优点,STATCOM的应用已迅速从输电网扩展到配电网,即配电静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM),DSTATCOM代表了配电网的谐波抑制和无功补偿技术的发展方向。本文围绕直接电流控制的DSTATCOM的设计和应用展开研究,主要内容如下:
1、DSTATCOM设计方面
对于变流器的拓扑结构,采用各相桥的两支路由不同类型的电力电子器件组合而成的新结构,同时采用分时处理技术驱动相并联的器件,这种设计方案提高了基本单元变流器的输出精度和可靠性。为提高无功电流的实时检测精度,用基于park变换的电压电流综合检测法(即id-iq法)取代需用锁相环的ip-iq法。应用电力电子仿真软件PSIM6.0,对基于新型拓扑结构DSTATCOM的运行进行仿真,仿真结果证明了新型拓扑结构以及相应测控方法的正确性和有效性。
2、DSTATCOM应用方面
对DSTATCOM与电容器并联应用方案即容性混合DSTATCOM,提出了DSTATCOM参数选择方法以及串接电抗器的电容器参数选择方法,并给出相应实例。
Reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of distribution network is a quite new research and practical domain, and along with unceasing enhancement of customer demand for electrical energy quality, it has caused more attention. Because STATCOM has more merits than SVC, such as responding much faster、the effect of raising voltage momentary stability better and with less harmony, it has been applied from transmission network to distribution network(namely DSTATCOM) now. At present, DSTATCOM has represented development direction of reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of distribution network.This thesis revolves design and application of the direct electric current control DSTATCOM.The main contents are as follows:
1. Design of DSTATCOM
Firstly, In order to enhance precision and reliability of high power convert,A novel circuit structure of hybrid-type-component is established, and time-sharing method is added to parallel-connected devices.Secondly, In order to enhance the precision of real-time measure of reactive current, id-iq method is used in the place of ip-iq method.
Based on these designs, a series of simulations are performed, and the simulation results have proved all above feasible and effective .
2. Application of DSTATCOM
Parameter selection method for STATCOM parallel-connected by capacitor(or capacitor series-connected with reactor) is proposed with corresponding example.
1、DSTATCOM设计方面
对于变流器的拓扑结构,采用各相桥的两支路由不同类型的电力电子器件组合而成的新结构,同时采用分时处理技术驱动相并联的器件,这种设计方案提高了基本单元变流器的输出精度和可靠性。为提高无功电流的实时检测精度,用基于park变换的电压电流综合检测法(即id-iq法)取代需用锁相环的ip-iq法。应用电力电子仿真软件PSIM6.0,对基于新型拓扑结构DSTATCOM的运行进行仿真,仿真结果证明了新型拓扑结构以及相应测控方法的正确性和有效性。
2、DSTATCOM应用方面
对DSTATCOM与电容器并联应用方案即容性混合DSTATCOM,提出了DSTATCOM参数选择方法以及串接电抗器的电容器参数选择方法,并给出相应实例。
Reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of distribution network is a quite new research and practical domain, and along with unceasing enhancement of customer demand for electrical energy quality, it has caused more attention. Because STATCOM has more merits than SVC, such as responding much faster、the effect of raising voltage momentary stability better and with less harmony, it has been applied from transmission network to distribution network(namely DSTATCOM) now. At present, DSTATCOM has represented development direction of reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of distribution network.This thesis revolves design and application of the direct electric current control DSTATCOM.The main contents are as follows:
1. Design of DSTATCOM
Firstly, In order to enhance precision and reliability of high power convert,A novel circuit structure of hybrid-type-component is established, and time-sharing method is added to parallel-connected devices.Secondly, In order to enhance the precision of real-time measure of reactive current, id-iq method is used in the place of ip-iq method.
Based on these designs, a series of simulations are performed, and the simulation results have proved all above feasible and effective .
2. Application of DSTATCOM
Parameter selection method for STATCOM parallel-connected by capacitor(or capacitor series-connected with reactor) is proposed with corresponding example.
引文
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[3]丁洪发,段献忠,基于四维复数概念的瞬时功率定义,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(3):45-50
[4]王茂海,刘会金,通用瞬时功率定义及广义谐波理论,中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9):68-73
[5]三相多功能电能表解决方案[Z],美国模拟器件公司(ADI)
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[7]梅慧楠,统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)检测控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[8]马晓军,刘文华,陈建业等,一种抑制系统不对称对STATCOM影响的新方法,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(1):124-128
[9]李旷,刘进军,魏标等,静止无功发生器补偿电网电压不平衡的控制及其优化方法,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):58-63
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[28]陈伯胜,串联电抗器抑制谐波的作用及电抗率的选择,电网技术,2003,27(12):92-95
[29]关于谐波,德国英博电气有限公司[R],2005
[30]林海雪,公用电网谐波国标的几个问题,电网技术,2003,27(1):65-707
[31] Tsuneo Ogura,Hideaki Ninomiya,Hideaki Ninomiy Koichi Sugiyama,et al,4.5-kV injection-enhanced gate transistors (IEGTs)with high turn-off ruggedness,IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2004,51(4):636-641
[32]刘文华,胡雨辰,刘炳等,IGCT和IEGT—适用于STATCOM的新型大功率开关器件,电力系统自动化,2000,24(23):66-70
[33] K.T.Wong,Harmonic analysis of PWM multi-level converters,Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings,2001,148(1):35-43
[34]周京华,苏彦民,沈传文等,基于多电平逆变器通用组合拓扑结构的调制策略研究,电工技术学报,2005,20(8):39-47
[35] Tarek Ahmed,Katsumi Nishida,Mutsuo Nakaoka,Advanced control of PWM converter with variable-speed induction generator , IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(4):934-945
[36]王碧芳,宫金武,胡伟,级联型多电平逆变器的改进PWM控制方法,电力系统自动化,2006,30(7):73-75
[37] F.J.Wakeman, K.Billett,R.Iorns,et al,Electromechanical characteristics of a bondless pressure contact IGBT,IEEE 14th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference, Dallas USA,1999:312-317
[38] F.Wakeman,G.Lockwood,M.Davies,New high reliability bondless pressure contact IGBT,Power Conversion Intelligent Motion Europe[C],Nuremberg Germany,1999:67-72
[39]乔尔敏,温旭辉,郭新,基于IGBT并联技术的大功率智能模块研制,电工技术学报,2006,21(10):90-100
[40] Mitsuhiko Kitagawa, Shigeru Hasegawa,Tomoki Inoue,et al,4.5 kV Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor: Experimental Verification of the Electrical Characteristics,Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1997,36(6):3433-3437
[41] Mitsuhiko Kitagawa,Akio Nakgawa,Ichiro Omura,et al,Design Criterion and Operation Mechanism for 4.5 kV Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1998,37(8):4294～4300
[42]杨大江,姚振华,朱长纯等,新型功率器件(IGCT)的工作原理及其设计技术,电力电子技术,1999,33(5):55-57
[43]于庆广,姜齐荣,张戈,4.5kV/4.0kA IGCT的应用研究,电力电子技术,2004,38(4):92-94
[44]段先波,王丹,范澍等,6kV变频调速系统中IGCT串联缓冲电路设计,电气传动,2005,35(3):40-42
[45]于飞,张晓锋,李槐树,新型大功率器件ETO及其应用,电力电子技术,2004,38(1):112-114
[46]张皓,续明进,杨梅,高压大功率交流变频调速技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[40]马大铭,朱东起,高景德,三相电压不对称时谐波和无功电流的准确检测,清华大学学报(自然科学版) ,l997,37(4):7～10
[48]王兆安,杨君著,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,2002,112-165
[49]裴玮,统一电能质量调节器控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文] ,天津:天津大学,2005
[50]梅慧楠,朱中华,程时杰,基于Park变换的UPQC检测方法研究,电力科学与工程,2005,(1):17-29
[51]尉冰娟,王明渝,张淑国,无锁相环ip-iq法在有源滤波器中的实现,电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(2)
[52]王兆安,杨君,刘进军等,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第2版),北京:机械工业出版社,2006
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[2]李庚银,陈志业,Dq0坐标下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿,中国电机工程学报, 1996,16(5):176-179
[3]丁洪发,段献忠,基于四维复数概念的瞬时功率定义,中国电机工程学报,2002,22(3):45-50
[4]王茂海,刘会金,通用瞬时功率定义及广义谐波理论,中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9):68-73
[5]三相多功能电能表解决方案[Z],美国模拟器件公司(ADI)
[6]弭洪涛,付旭东,薛必春,一种新型电力有源滤波装置,控制工程,2002,9(4):91-94
[7]梅慧楠,统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)检测控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[8]马晓军,刘文华,陈建业等,一种抑制系统不对称对STATCOM影响的新方法,清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(1):124-128
[9]李旷,刘进军,魏标等,静止无功发生器补偿电网电压不平衡的控制及其优化方法,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):58-63
[10]宋文南,文宝仁,电力系统谐波分析,北京:中国电力版社,1998
[11]杨啸天,电力系统谐波分析、测量、评估计算与抑制及滤波新技术实务全书,北京:中国电力科技出版社,2006:15-33,139-211
[12]王振东,最新电力、电网无功补偿新技术与无功补偿装置选型设计安装及运行控制实用手册,北京:中国科技文化出版社,2005:119-121,126-128,220-223
[13]胡伟,查晓明,PWM-VSI变频调速系统谐波分析模型的构建,电气应用,2006,25(5):59-71
[14]居理,赵继敏,通用变频器的网侧谐波及其对策,电气传动,2005,35(6)
[15]高崇,直流电弧炉技术特性述评,特殊钢,2000,30(1):30-32
[16]崔健,刘晓,电弧炉炼钢技术若干问题的实践与认识(1),钢铁,2006,41(1)
[17]刘小河,赵刚,于娟娟,电弧炉非线性特性对供电网影响的仿真研究,中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6)
[18]刘小河,杨秀媛,电弧炉电气系统谐波分析的频域方法研究,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2)
[19]赵黎,张凯,李国强等,10kV系统电弧炉负荷对电网运行影响的分析,黑龙江电力,2005,27(3)
[20]孙彦辉,王立平,王成喜等,交流电弧炉炼钢过程谐波状况的实测研究,钢铁,2004,39(3)
[21]阎立懿,王连海,肖玉光等,高阻抗电弧炉的设计,特殊钢,2002,23(6):40-42
[22]纪飞峰,周荔丹,姚钢等,基于同步对称分量法的静止无功补偿装置,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6):24-29
[23]陈允平,彭辉,樊友平,基于任意周期电压电流的无功功率定义及其数学模型,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(4):105-112
[24] CECS32:91,并联电容器用串联电抗器设计选择标准[S].
[25] GB/T14549-93,电能质量公用电网谐波[S],北京:中国国家标准出版社,1994
[26]闵加,谐波对无功功率补偿系统的影响,供用电,2003,20(4):31-36
[27]黄兴荣,高次谐波对低压无功功率自动补偿装置的危害及预防措施,现代机械,2004,(4):66-68
[28]陈伯胜,串联电抗器抑制谐波的作用及电抗率的选择,电网技术,2003,27(12):92-95
[29]关于谐波,德国英博电气有限公司[R],2005
[30]林海雪,公用电网谐波国标的几个问题,电网技术,2003,27(1):65-707
[31] Tsuneo Ogura,Hideaki Ninomiya,Hideaki Ninomiy Koichi Sugiyama,et al,4.5-kV injection-enhanced gate transistors (IEGTs)with high turn-off ruggedness,IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2004,51(4):636-641
[32]刘文华,胡雨辰,刘炳等,IGCT和IEGT—适用于STATCOM的新型大功率开关器件,电力系统自动化,2000,24(23):66-70
[33] K.T.Wong,Harmonic analysis of PWM multi-level converters,Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings,2001,148(1):35-43
[34]周京华,苏彦民,沈传文等,基于多电平逆变器通用组合拓扑结构的调制策略研究,电工技术学报,2005,20(8):39-47
[35] Tarek Ahmed,Katsumi Nishida,Mutsuo Nakaoka,Advanced control of PWM converter with variable-speed induction generator , IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2006,42(4):934-945
[36]王碧芳,宫金武,胡伟,级联型多电平逆变器的改进PWM控制方法,电力系统自动化,2006,30(7):73-75
[37] F.J.Wakeman, K.Billett,R.Iorns,et al,Electromechanical characteristics of a bondless pressure contact IGBT,IEEE 14th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference, Dallas USA,1999:312-317
[38] F.Wakeman,G.Lockwood,M.Davies,New high reliability bondless pressure contact IGBT,Power Conversion Intelligent Motion Europe[C],Nuremberg Germany,1999:67-72
[39]乔尔敏,温旭辉,郭新,基于IGBT并联技术的大功率智能模块研制,电工技术学报,2006,21(10):90-100
[40] Mitsuhiko Kitagawa, Shigeru Hasegawa,Tomoki Inoue,et al,4.5 kV Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor: Experimental Verification of the Electrical Characteristics,Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1997,36(6):3433-3437
[41] Mitsuhiko Kitagawa,Akio Nakgawa,Ichiro Omura,et al,Design Criterion and Operation Mechanism for 4.5 kV Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1998,37(8):4294～4300
[42]杨大江,姚振华,朱长纯等,新型功率器件(IGCT)的工作原理及其设计技术,电力电子技术,1999,33(5):55-57
[43]于庆广,姜齐荣,张戈,4.5kV/4.0kA IGCT的应用研究,电力电子技术,2004,38(4):92-94
[44]段先波,王丹,范澍等,6kV变频调速系统中IGCT串联缓冲电路设计,电气传动,2005,35(3):40-42
[45]于飞,张晓锋,李槐树,新型大功率器件ETO及其应用,电力电子技术,2004,38(1):112-114
[46]张皓,续明进,杨梅,高压大功率交流变频调速技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[40]马大铭,朱东起,高景德,三相电压不对称时谐波和无功电流的准确检测,清华大学学报(自然科学版) ,l997,37(4):7～10
[48]王兆安,杨君著,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,2002,112-165
[49]裴玮,统一电能质量调节器控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文] ,天津:天津大学,2005
[50]梅慧楠,朱中华,程时杰,基于Park变换的UPQC检测方法研究,电力科学与工程,2005,(1):17-29
[51]尉冰娟,王明渝,张淑国,无锁相环ip-iq法在有源滤波器中的实现,电力系统及其自动化学报,2006,18(2)
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