并联型有源电力滤波器的研究
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摘要
在电力电子技术飞速发展的今天,各种非线性电力电子装置得到了广泛的应用,这些装置在带给我们方便的同时向公用电网内注入了大量的电流谐波。另一方面,由于信息技术的发展,各种基于计算机、微处理器控制的用电设备大量的投入使用,这些设备对电能质量要求较高,一旦出现电能质量问题,轻则造成设备故障停运,重则造成整个系统的损坏,由此带来的经济损失难以估量。因此,对电流谐波的治理越来越受到重视。
有源电力滤波器APF(Active Power Filter)是治理电力系统谐波问题,改善电能质量的有效手段,有广阔的应用前景。本文以设计小型并联有源滤波器实验样机为主要工作,其目的是建立有源电力滤波器开发平台,为有源电力滤波器控制系统的开发提供硬件上的支持。
本文首先系统地概括了有源电力滤波器的特点、分类;分析并联型APF结构、工作原理;介绍现有的几种主电路的拓扑结构;建立数学模型。
其次对谐波检测原理和电流控制跟踪方法进行讨论并在MATLAB/Simulink环境中对三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器进行仿真。
最后设计了3KW并联型有源电力滤波器样机主电路参数,以三菱M16C单片机为主处理器、TMS320VC5402型DSP为从处理器,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波电流检测方法和瞬时比较的电流控制策略开发了有源电力滤波器控制电路,并且完成了调试工作,得到了初步的实验结果。通过对结果的分析,证明了样机设计思路、控制电路结构和所采用的理论的正确性。
With the development of power electronics technology, a sharply increasing number of power electronics devices have been widely used nowadays. Although these power electronics devices make our life convenient, they inject much harmonic current to the power grid for their nonlinear characteristics. Another aspect, the development of information technology have made more and more equipments, which based on computer and microprocessor control technology, put in use. These equipments have a comparatively high requirement to power quality, which stop to work or evenly brake the wholly system once the power quality problem appears, the economic losses bringing about from this is difficult to estimate. Therefore, harmonic current compensation is regarded highly.
Active Power Filter (APF) is one of the effective means for harmonic current compensation and power quality improving. The thesis takes the small capacities APF equipment designing as main job, whose purpose is that to build a platform and hardware support for APF’s research.
Firstly, the thesis covers the characteristics and classifies of APF,analyzes shunt-APF’s structure and operating principle, introduces the topologies of it’s main circuit and builds mathematic model.
Secondly, the method of harmonic current detection and compensating current control were discussed; The overall system has been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, and simulation results have shown that the structure is reasonable.
Finally, the parameters in main circuit of 3KW shunt-APF is designed, control system’s hardware is also realized based on M16C MCU and TMS320VC5402 DSP. In the control system the method of compensating current control is instantaneously comparing, and the method of harmonic current detecting is based on instantaneous reactive power theory. After debugging first step’s result was gotten, and it shows the designed structure is reasonable, the theories which were adopted are correct.
有源电力滤波器APF(Active Power Filter)是治理电力系统谐波问题,改善电能质量的有效手段,有广阔的应用前景。本文以设计小型并联有源滤波器实验样机为主要工作,其目的是建立有源电力滤波器开发平台,为有源电力滤波器控制系统的开发提供硬件上的支持。
本文首先系统地概括了有源电力滤波器的特点、分类;分析并联型APF结构、工作原理;介绍现有的几种主电路的拓扑结构;建立数学模型。
其次对谐波检测原理和电流控制跟踪方法进行讨论并在MATLAB/Simulink环境中对三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器进行仿真。
最后设计了3KW并联型有源电力滤波器样机主电路参数,以三菱M16C单片机为主处理器、TMS320VC5402型DSP为从处理器,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波电流检测方法和瞬时比较的电流控制策略开发了有源电力滤波器控制电路,并且完成了调试工作,得到了初步的实验结果。通过对结果的分析,证明了样机设计思路、控制电路结构和所采用的理论的正确性。
With the development of power electronics technology, a sharply increasing number of power electronics devices have been widely used nowadays. Although these power electronics devices make our life convenient, they inject much harmonic current to the power grid for their nonlinear characteristics. Another aspect, the development of information technology have made more and more equipments, which based on computer and microprocessor control technology, put in use. These equipments have a comparatively high requirement to power quality, which stop to work or evenly brake the wholly system once the power quality problem appears, the economic losses bringing about from this is difficult to estimate. Therefore, harmonic current compensation is regarded highly.
Active Power Filter (APF) is one of the effective means for harmonic current compensation and power quality improving. The thesis takes the small capacities APF equipment designing as main job, whose purpose is that to build a platform and hardware support for APF’s research.
Firstly, the thesis covers the characteristics and classifies of APF,analyzes shunt-APF’s structure and operating principle, introduces the topologies of it’s main circuit and builds mathematic model.
Secondly, the method of harmonic current detection and compensating current control were discussed; The overall system has been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, and simulation results have shown that the structure is reasonable.
Finally, the parameters in main circuit of 3KW shunt-APF is designed, control system’s hardware is also realized based on M16C MCU and TMS320VC5402 DSP. In the control system the method of compensating current control is instantaneously comparing, and the method of harmonic current detecting is based on instantaneous reactive power theory. After debugging first step’s result was gotten, and it shows the designed structure is reasonable, the theories which were adopted are correct.
引文
[1]吴竟昌,孙树勤,宋文南等.电力系统谐波,北京:水利电力出版社,1988
[2]林海雪,孙树勤,电力网中的谐波,中国电力出版社,1998
[3]H.Akagi, New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning, in Proc. IEEE trans. Industry Applications, VOL.32, NO.6, Nov. 1996
[4]H.AKagi, Trend in Active Power Line Conditioners, in Proc. EPE’95, Sevilla,1995:17-26
[5]王兆安,杨君,刘进军等,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[6]水利电力部,电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126-84),北京:水利水电出版社,1984
[7]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93,电能质量公用电网谐波,北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[8]李达义,陈乔夫,贾正春,电力系统谐波源的种类和滤波方法综述,电器传动,2005-12
[9]李桥,吴健,关于电力电子装置谐波问题的综述,电子工程周刊,1998-8
[10]前照明,叶忠明,董伯藩,谐波抑制技术,电力系统自动化,1997-10
[11]董先立,电力系统谐波及滤波技术,江西:江西电力技校学报,2004-5
[12]小湘宁,徐永海,电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿技术的发展,北京:中国电力,1984(4):23-26
[13]张直平,李芬辰,城市电网谐波手册,北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[14]小湘宁,须用煤,电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿的发展,北京:中国电力,1998(4):23-26
[15]吴正国,电力有源滤波技术的探讨,海军工程大学学报,2004(10):15-19
[16]杨君,谐波和武功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究:[博士论文],陕西:西安交通大学,1996
[17]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan. Harmonic Reduction in Multiple Converters by Triple-frequency Current Injection.Proc.IEE,1969,116(10):1730-1734
[18] H.Sasaki,T.Mchida. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design.IEEE Trans.on Power App&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-20019
[19]L.Gyugyi,E.C.Strycula,Active AC Power Filters. Proc.of IEEE/IASAnnual Meeting,1976(2):529-535
[20] H.Akagi,Y.Kanazawa,A.Nabae. Generalized Theory of the Instantaneous Reactive Power in Three-phase Circuits.In:IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo:IEEE,1983:1375-1386
[21]王兆安,李民,卓放,三相电路瞬时无功功率理论的研究.电工技术学报,1992(3):55-59
[22]E.H.Watanabe,R.M.Stephan,M.Aredes. New Concepts of Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems with Generic Loads.IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1993,8(12):697-703
[23]T.Furuhashi,S.Okrma. Study on the Theory of Instantaneous Reactive Power.IEEE Trans.on Ind.Electron,1990,37(1):86-90
[24]Steven B.Leeb, Foreword Special Issue on Digital Control in Power Electronics IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol,18,NO.1. January 2003:293-298
[25]A.Monti,E.Santi,A.Dougal,etc. Papid Prototyping of Digital Controls for Power Electronics, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,Vol.18, NO.3,May 2003:915-923
[26]何莉萍,王广柱,统一电能质量调节器UPQC的研究现状,电气时代,2006(9):60-62
[27]Aredes M,Hafner J,Heumann K,Three-phase Four-wire Shunt Active Filter Control Stratgegies, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, 1997,12(2):311-318
[28]王沫然,陈怀琛,Simulink 4建模及动态仿真,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[29]姚峻,马松辉,Simulink建模与仿真,陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[30]常鹏飞,王彤,曾继伦,Matlab及其在三相四线有源电力滤波器仿真研究中的应用,电器应用,2006,25(3):83-86
[31]周昊,王毅,电力有源滤波器(APF)控制方法研究及Matlab仿真,仪器仪表标准化与计算,2006,1:9-11
[32]王亮,赵玲,电力有源滤波器的Matlab仿真,上海电力学院学报,2005,3:21-26
[33]何冰,张峰,潘军,基于瞬时无功功率理论的并联型APF的Matlab的仿真研究,微机算机信息,2006,22(1):230-233
[34]常鹏飞,三相四线APF在系统故障状态下的仿真及分析,船电技术,2005(5):27-30
[35]李序葆,赵永健,电力电子器件及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[36]IGBT MG50Q2YS50 datasheet, TOSHIBA, 1997
[37]M57962L datasheet, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC, 1998
[38]候志坚,张敏,芦家成,IGBT驱动电路M57962L的剖析,河南机电高等专科学校学报,2004.9:51-53
[39]卢家林,白小青,石涛,30KW逆变电源中IGBT的驱动与保护,电源技术应用,2006,5:28-30
[40]TMS320VC5402 datasheet, TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, 2000
[41]戴明桢,周建江,TM320C54x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[42]李利,DSP原理及应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[43]M16C/62A GROUP SINGLE-CHIP 16-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER datasheet, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC, 1998
[44]陆延丰,常青璞,朱璇,三菱M16C/62单片及原理和应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[45]陶骏,有源电力滤波器的主电路参数设计,电源技术应用,2001(3):61-64
[2]林海雪,孙树勤,电力网中的谐波,中国电力出版社,1998
[3]H.Akagi, New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning, in Proc. IEEE trans. Industry Applications, VOL.32, NO.6, Nov. 1996
[4]H.AKagi, Trend in Active Power Line Conditioners, in Proc. EPE’95, Sevilla,1995:17-26
[5]王兆安,杨君,刘进军等,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[6]水利电力部,电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126-84),北京:水利水电出版社,1984
[7]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93,电能质量公用电网谐波,北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[8]李达义,陈乔夫,贾正春,电力系统谐波源的种类和滤波方法综述,电器传动,2005-12
[9]李桥,吴健,关于电力电子装置谐波问题的综述,电子工程周刊,1998-8
[10]前照明,叶忠明,董伯藩,谐波抑制技术,电力系统自动化,1997-10
[11]董先立,电力系统谐波及滤波技术,江西:江西电力技校学报,2004-5
[12]小湘宁,徐永海,电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿技术的发展,北京:中国电力,1984(4):23-26
[13]张直平,李芬辰,城市电网谐波手册,北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[14]小湘宁,须用煤,电网谐波与无功功率有源补偿的发展,北京:中国电力,1998(4):23-26
[15]吴正国,电力有源滤波技术的探讨,海军工程大学学报,2004(10):15-19
[16]杨君,谐波和武功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究:[博士论文],陕西:西安交通大学,1996
[17]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan. Harmonic Reduction in Multiple Converters by Triple-frequency Current Injection.Proc.IEE,1969,116(10):1730-1734
[18] H.Sasaki,T.Mchida. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design.IEEE Trans.on Power App&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-20019
[19]L.Gyugyi,E.C.Strycula,Active AC Power Filters. Proc.of IEEE/IASAnnual Meeting,1976(2):529-535
[20] H.Akagi,Y.Kanazawa,A.Nabae. Generalized Theory of the Instantaneous Reactive Power in Three-phase Circuits.In:IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo:IEEE,1983:1375-1386
[21]王兆安,李民,卓放,三相电路瞬时无功功率理论的研究.电工技术学报,1992(3):55-59
[22]E.H.Watanabe,R.M.Stephan,M.Aredes. New Concepts of Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems with Generic Loads.IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1993,8(12):697-703
[23]T.Furuhashi,S.Okrma. Study on the Theory of Instantaneous Reactive Power.IEEE Trans.on Ind.Electron,1990,37(1):86-90
[24]Steven B.Leeb, Foreword Special Issue on Digital Control in Power Electronics IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol,18,NO.1. January 2003:293-298
[25]A.Monti,E.Santi,A.Dougal,etc. Papid Prototyping of Digital Controls for Power Electronics, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,Vol.18, NO.3,May 2003:915-923
[26]何莉萍,王广柱,统一电能质量调节器UPQC的研究现状,电气时代,2006(9):60-62
[27]Aredes M,Hafner J,Heumann K,Three-phase Four-wire Shunt Active Filter Control Stratgegies, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, 1997,12(2):311-318
[28]王沫然,陈怀琛,Simulink 4建模及动态仿真,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[29]姚峻,马松辉,Simulink建模与仿真,陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[30]常鹏飞,王彤,曾继伦,Matlab及其在三相四线有源电力滤波器仿真研究中的应用,电器应用,2006,25(3):83-86
[31]周昊,王毅,电力有源滤波器(APF)控制方法研究及Matlab仿真,仪器仪表标准化与计算,2006,1:9-11
[32]王亮,赵玲,电力有源滤波器的Matlab仿真,上海电力学院学报,2005,3:21-26
[33]何冰,张峰,潘军,基于瞬时无功功率理论的并联型APF的Matlab的仿真研究,微机算机信息,2006,22(1):230-233
[34]常鹏飞,三相四线APF在系统故障状态下的仿真及分析,船电技术,2005(5):27-30
[35]李序葆,赵永健,电力电子器件及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[36]IGBT MG50Q2YS50 datasheet, TOSHIBA, 1997
[37]M57962L datasheet, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC, 1998
[38]候志坚,张敏,芦家成,IGBT驱动电路M57962L的剖析,河南机电高等专科学校学报,2004.9:51-53
[39]卢家林,白小青,石涛,30KW逆变电源中IGBT的驱动与保护,电源技术应用,2006,5:28-30
[40]TMS320VC5402 datasheet, TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, 2000
[41]戴明桢,周建江,TM320C54x DSP结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[42]李利,DSP原理及应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[43]M16C/62A GROUP SINGLE-CHIP 16-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER datasheet, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC, 1998
[44]陆延丰,常青璞,朱璇,三菱M16C/62单片及原理和应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[45]陶骏,有源电力滤波器的主电路参数设计,电源技术应用,2001(3):61-64