拦阻系统的仿真研究
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摘要
飞机在自动着陆系统的引导下着陆时,在较为苛刻的条件下要求飞机减速制动并且安全着陆就需要有飞机拦阻器的辅助。并且希望着陆时的速度要快,时间要短。陆地飞机拦阻器就是一个能量转化器,将飞机着陆时所具有的庞大动能转化为其他能量形式。
论文中讨论的陆地飞机拦阻器以美国BAK-12型飞机拦阻器为参考基础,飞机拦阻器的主要部件为对称布置在飞行跑道两侧的两个结构完全相同的能量转化器,其机械结构由几个较大的功能模块组成:拦阻索盘机构、传动机构、凸轮机构,还包括一些辅助机构和装置。
本文在相关资料的基础上,在ADAMS软件中建立起了绳索模型,在AMESIM软件中建立了除拦阻索以外的系统拦阻模型,并通过AMESIM与ADAMS的联结接口进行了协同仿真,分析了拦阻索的张力波动对飞机的拦阻影响,并且能够分析飞机偏心拦阻情况。
通过分析BAK-12型飞机拦阻器原理,再以原始设计参数为基础,在AMESIM软件中建立起了更为符合实际的拦阻仿真模型,分析了飞机在不同的质量、速度情况下,拦停过程中系统输出压力与飞机拦停时间关系。对个别飞机拦阻时,系统压力超过额定压力的情况采用模糊控制进行了修正,使其拦阻达到拦停要求。
When aircraft lands on a harsher condition by the guidance of automatic landing system, it needs a auxiliary devices if it wants to retard brake and land safely. And the landing speed is fast and time is short. Aircraft arresting system is an energy conversion device, which converts large kinetic energy into other energy forms.
American BAK-12 aircraft arresting device is taken as reference foundation in this paper. The aircraft arresting device's major components are two energy converters with identical structure which symmetrical arranged on the both sides of the flight runway. The mechanical structure of the energy converter is composed of several big functional modules: the rope pulley organization, the transmission system, the cam gear, and it also contains some auxiliary mechanisms and devices.
On the basis of some correlated data, a rope model is established in the ADAMS software environment, and the arresting system model besides of arresting rope set up in the AMESIM environment Through co-simulation between AMESIM and ADAMS, the model analyzes the impact of the aircraft arresting that caused by the tension waves of the rope, and the circumstance of the aircraft bias to runway center.
Through analyzing of BAK-12 aircraft arresting principle, and then taking the primitive design variable as the foundation, a more realistic simulation model of arresting is established in AMESIM. The relationship between system output pressure and the aircraft stop time during the arresting process is analyzed under the condition of aircraft with different mass and speed. To specific aircraft, fuzzy control is carried out to revise the exceeded pressure so as to satisfy the requirement of the arresting.
论文中讨论的陆地飞机拦阻器以美国BAK-12型飞机拦阻器为参考基础,飞机拦阻器的主要部件为对称布置在飞行跑道两侧的两个结构完全相同的能量转化器,其机械结构由几个较大的功能模块组成:拦阻索盘机构、传动机构、凸轮机构,还包括一些辅助机构和装置。
本文在相关资料的基础上,在ADAMS软件中建立起了绳索模型,在AMESIM软件中建立了除拦阻索以外的系统拦阻模型,并通过AMESIM与ADAMS的联结接口进行了协同仿真,分析了拦阻索的张力波动对飞机的拦阻影响,并且能够分析飞机偏心拦阻情况。
通过分析BAK-12型飞机拦阻器原理,再以原始设计参数为基础,在AMESIM软件中建立起了更为符合实际的拦阻仿真模型,分析了飞机在不同的质量、速度情况下,拦停过程中系统输出压力与飞机拦停时间关系。对个别飞机拦阻时,系统压力超过额定压力的情况采用模糊控制进行了修正,使其拦阻达到拦停要求。
When aircraft lands on a harsher condition by the guidance of automatic landing system, it needs a auxiliary devices if it wants to retard brake and land safely. And the landing speed is fast and time is short. Aircraft arresting system is an energy conversion device, which converts large kinetic energy into other energy forms.
American BAK-12 aircraft arresting device is taken as reference foundation in this paper. The aircraft arresting device's major components are two energy converters with identical structure which symmetrical arranged on the both sides of the flight runway. The mechanical structure of the energy converter is composed of several big functional modules: the rope pulley organization, the transmission system, the cam gear, and it also contains some auxiliary mechanisms and devices.
On the basis of some correlated data, a rope model is established in the ADAMS software environment, and the arresting system model besides of arresting rope set up in the AMESIM environment Through co-simulation between AMESIM and ADAMS, the model analyzes the impact of the aircraft arresting that caused by the tension waves of the rope, and the circumstance of the aircraft bias to runway center.
Through analyzing of BAK-12 aircraft arresting principle, and then taking the primitive design variable as the foundation, a more realistic simulation model of arresting is established in AMESIM. The relationship between system output pressure and the aircraft stop time during the arresting process is analyzed under the condition of aircraft with different mass and speed. To specific aircraft, fuzzy control is carried out to revise the exceeded pressure so as to satisfy the requirement of the arresting.
引文
[1]杜天容.飞机拦阻系统控制仿真分析.东北大学硕士学位论文.2006:11-28页
[2]James C.White,Satish K.Agrawal Soft Ground Arresting System for Airports.ADA277645 1993
[3]吴娟.飞机拦阻系统分析与控制研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文.2003:2-6,23-36页
[4]柳刚.飞机着陆拦阻装置的设计方法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006:2-10页
[5]陈瑜洲、穆宇新.国产飞机拦阻装置概况[J].系统仿真学报.1991
[6]http://www.esco.zodiac.com/index.cfm
[7]Guide To Mobile Aircraft Arresting System Installation.ADA423975 2000
[8]Determination of Characteristic Loading Behavior of MK7-1 and MK7-2Arresting Gears by Analysis of Airplane Test Data.Appendix F.AD-A11183/O/XAB,1974.
[9]Silvia M.Zanoli.Remotely operated vehicle depth control.Department of Electronics and Automation,2002
[10]W.R.Schlegel.Development of Model 3500 Arresting Gear and Continued Development of Spring Hook for Commercial Aircraft.AD0408963,1993
[11]高泽迥.飞机拦阻钩振动运动学和拦索动力学研究.航空学报.1990
[12]牟让科.飞机非对称着陆和滑跑载荷分析.V249.122,2000(5):41-47
[13]金栋平,文浩,胡海岩.索系统的建模、动力学和控制[J].力学进展.2004
[14]黄炎.绳索的大变形问题.力学与实践.1999
[15]梁兆正,胡宗武.具有齿轮-绳索机械系统动态力学特性的研究方法.山东矿业学院学报.1998
[16]周炜.ADAMS 软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法.CAD/CAPP/CAM/CAE.2004
[17]李吉.多绳摩擦提升机运载荷计算.矿山机械.1993
[18]李海军.Adams中钢丝绳索类物体建模方法研究.机械管理开发.2007
[19]刘俊.ADAMS柔性体运动仿真分析研究及运用.CAD/CAPP/CAM/CAE.2004
[20]梁兆正.提升钢丝绳动态分析的分段线性化解法.应用数学与计算数学学报.1996
[21]傅武军.单绕式电梯动力学建模及仿真分析.系统仿真学报.2005
[22]潘英.竖井提升机在紧急制动过程中钢绳的动张力.中国矿业学院学报1982
[23]John Park.ADAMS Modeling Technique for Mechanical Control Cables.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2001
[24]ADAMS/FLEX User's Manual.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2000
[25]Todd DePauw,John Janevic.Static Cable Modeling in ADAMS.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,1995
[26]James B.McConville,A Survey of FEA-Based Stress Recovery Methods in ADAMS.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2002
[27]Dr.Andrew S,Elliott,Efficient Modeling of Extensible Cables and Pulley Systems in ADAMS.MSC.Software,2002
[28]贾智宏.滑轮-绳索机构建模方法研究.制造业信息化.2007
[29]MSC.Software.邢俊文等编译.MSC.ADAMS/VIEW高级培训教程.清华大学出版社.2004
[30]Silvia M.Zanoli,Remotely operated vehicle depth control.Department of Electronics and Automation,2002
[31]Rajiv Rampalli.ADAMS/Solver Theory Seminar.Mechanical Dynamics Inc, 2000
[32]Caroline Gatti,Numerical Simulations Of Large Deformation Cable Dynamics.Dynamics and Control,2000
[33]吴娟.某型飞机拦阻系统纠偏仿真分析.系统仿真学报.2002
[34]J.Thomlinson,PH.D,A Study of the Aircraft Arresting- Hook Bounce Problem。Reports and Memoranda No.2980 1954
[35]J.M.N.Willis,S.W.ChisMAN,Measurement and Suppression of Tension Waves in Arresting Gear Rope Systems.Reports and Memoranda。Reports and Memoranda No.2981 1950
[36]Jinchun Song,Tianrong Du,The analysis on nonlinear control of the aircraft arresting system.The 3 th International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology 2005
[37]赵福新.飞机拦阻器电液比例控制系统研究.东北大学硕士学位论文.2004:5-6页
[38]赵丽丽.飞机拦阻系统模糊自适应PID控制.东北大学硕士学位论文.2005:11-20页
[39]曹淑华.飞机拦阻系统拦阻性能仿真研究.航空计算技术.2002
[40]宋锦春.新型飞机拦阻器优化控制及电控系统设计.Proceedings of the 6~(th) World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,June 2006
[41]T.B.Husbands,D.L.Bea,Evaluation of Barrier Cable Impact Pad Materials.ADA207554,1988
[42]W.R.Schlegel.Development of Model 3500 Arresting Gear and Continued Development of Spring Hook for Commercial Aircraft.AD0408963,1993
[43]R T.Gibson,H.A.Cress,Analytical Study of Aircraft Arresting Gear Cable Design.AD0617788,1965
[44]褚静等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[45]李士勇等.模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990
[46]褚静等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[47]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003
[2]James C.White,Satish K.Agrawal Soft Ground Arresting System for Airports.ADA277645 1993
[3]吴娟.飞机拦阻系统分析与控制研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文.2003:2-6,23-36页
[4]柳刚.飞机着陆拦阻装置的设计方法研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006:2-10页
[5]陈瑜洲、穆宇新.国产飞机拦阻装置概况[J].系统仿真学报.1991
[6]http://www.esco.zodiac.com/index.cfm
[7]Guide To Mobile Aircraft Arresting System Installation.ADA423975 2000
[8]Determination of Characteristic Loading Behavior of MK7-1 and MK7-2Arresting Gears by Analysis of Airplane Test Data.Appendix F.AD-A11183/O/XAB,1974.
[9]Silvia M.Zanoli.Remotely operated vehicle depth control.Department of Electronics and Automation,2002
[10]W.R.Schlegel.Development of Model 3500 Arresting Gear and Continued Development of Spring Hook for Commercial Aircraft.AD0408963,1993
[11]高泽迥.飞机拦阻钩振动运动学和拦索动力学研究.航空学报.1990
[12]牟让科.飞机非对称着陆和滑跑载荷分析.V249.122,2000(5):41-47
[13]金栋平,文浩,胡海岩.索系统的建模、动力学和控制[J].力学进展.2004
[14]黄炎.绳索的大变形问题.力学与实践.1999
[15]梁兆正,胡宗武.具有齿轮-绳索机械系统动态力学特性的研究方法.山东矿业学院学报.1998
[16]周炜.ADAMS 软件中绳索类物体的一种建模方法.CAD/CAPP/CAM/CAE.2004
[17]李吉.多绳摩擦提升机运载荷计算.矿山机械.1993
[18]李海军.Adams中钢丝绳索类物体建模方法研究.机械管理开发.2007
[19]刘俊.ADAMS柔性体运动仿真分析研究及运用.CAD/CAPP/CAM/CAE.2004
[20]梁兆正.提升钢丝绳动态分析的分段线性化解法.应用数学与计算数学学报.1996
[21]傅武军.单绕式电梯动力学建模及仿真分析.系统仿真学报.2005
[22]潘英.竖井提升机在紧急制动过程中钢绳的动张力.中国矿业学院学报1982
[23]John Park.ADAMS Modeling Technique for Mechanical Control Cables.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2001
[24]ADAMS/FLEX User's Manual.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2000
[25]Todd DePauw,John Janevic.Static Cable Modeling in ADAMS.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,1995
[26]James B.McConville,A Survey of FEA-Based Stress Recovery Methods in ADAMS.Mechanical Dynamics Inc,2002
[27]Dr.Andrew S,Elliott,Efficient Modeling of Extensible Cables and Pulley Systems in ADAMS.MSC.Software,2002
[28]贾智宏.滑轮-绳索机构建模方法研究.制造业信息化.2007
[29]MSC.Software.邢俊文等编译.MSC.ADAMS/VIEW高级培训教程.清华大学出版社.2004
[30]Silvia M.Zanoli,Remotely operated vehicle depth control.Department of Electronics and Automation,2002
[31]Rajiv Rampalli.ADAMS/Solver Theory Seminar.Mechanical Dynamics Inc, 2000
[32]Caroline Gatti,Numerical Simulations Of Large Deformation Cable Dynamics.Dynamics and Control,2000
[33]吴娟.某型飞机拦阻系统纠偏仿真分析.系统仿真学报.2002
[34]J.Thomlinson,PH.D,A Study of the Aircraft Arresting- Hook Bounce Problem。Reports and Memoranda No.2980 1954
[35]J.M.N.Willis,S.W.ChisMAN,Measurement and Suppression of Tension Waves in Arresting Gear Rope Systems.Reports and Memoranda。Reports and Memoranda No.2981 1950
[36]Jinchun Song,Tianrong Du,The analysis on nonlinear control of the aircraft arresting system.The 3 th International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology 2005
[37]赵福新.飞机拦阻器电液比例控制系统研究.东北大学硕士学位论文.2004:5-6页
[38]赵丽丽.飞机拦阻系统模糊自适应PID控制.东北大学硕士学位论文.2005:11-20页
[39]曹淑华.飞机拦阻系统拦阻性能仿真研究.航空计算技术.2002
[40]宋锦春.新型飞机拦阻器优化控制及电控系统设计.Proceedings of the 6~(th) World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,June 2006
[41]T.B.Husbands,D.L.Bea,Evaluation of Barrier Cable Impact Pad Materials.ADA207554,1988
[42]W.R.Schlegel.Development of Model 3500 Arresting Gear and Continued Development of Spring Hook for Commercial Aircraft.AD0408963,1993
[43]R T.Gibson,H.A.Cress,Analytical Study of Aircraft Arresting Gear Cable Design.AD0617788,1965
[44]褚静等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[45]李士勇等.模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990
[46]褚静等.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[47]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003