汽车制造企业服务备件物流体系研究
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摘要
现阶段在我国,汽车售后服务市场——汽车产业链上最大的利润“奶酪”,倍受众多汽车制造厂商重视。但隐藏在这丰厚利润背后的是企业服务备件物流成本的急剧增加,售后服务管理的混乱。同时,针对该领域的探索和研究相对缺乏,作者正是基于以上形势,针对汽车制造企业服务备件物流体系进行分析和研究,并建立相应的物流体系模型,力求建立一套合理并相对适用的物流解决方案,以期能为汽车制造企业服务备件物流系统改造提供参考。
本文首先介绍了物流及物流管理的发展概况,给出了服务备件物流体系设计的原则与方向。在此基础之上,以顾客为导向,融合精益六西格玛管理思想,提出了一种新的服务备件物流体系设计方法——基于精益六西格玛思想的服务备件物流体系设计方法。
随后,作者从服务备件物流服务模式、物流体系结构及相应的物流环节入手,分析了我国现有汽车制造企业服务备件物流运行过程中存在的主要问题及未来面临的更高要求。阐述了服务备件物流的三个控制要点,即服务备件需求的预测、服务备件库存管理、服务备件配送中心的选址。
然后,作者利用“基于精益六西格玛思想的服务备件物流体系设计方法”针对汽车制造企业的服务备件物流系统提出了一种新的体系设计方案,并建立了相应的模型,构建了汽车制造企业服务备件物流一体化管理模式。同时针对服务备件物流的控制要点,结合汽车制造企业服务备件控制特征及维修需求的特点,引入了一种新的服务备件需求预测的算法和库存控制策略。基本解决了现有服务备件物流体系运行过程中存在的主要问题,为该方案在我国汽车制造企业中的进一步推广应用创造了前提。
最后,作者对其研究所述的服务备件物流体系相关理论进行了应用与检验。选取南京依维柯汽车有限公司,根据该公司的具体情况,依据新的服务备件物流体系设计方法为该公司打造一个新的服务备件物流体系,并给出了新的服务备件物流体系实施过程中所应遵循的原则,为新物流体系的实际操作指出了基本方向。
On the present stage, lots of automobile manufacture enterprises have paid more attention to the after-sale service market——the maximum "benefit cheese" of the automobile industrial chain. However, concealed by the huge profit, the cost of spare parts logistics is increasing rapidly, as well as the management chaos of after-sale service. Accordingly, in this thesis, the corresponding structure model of logistics system has been constructed by the author, which aims to set up a set of rational logistics solutions and then provide a reference for future spare parts logistics system upgrades of automobile manufacture enterprise.
This thesis presents the development overview of logistics and logistics management firstly, and brings forth the principles and directions. Then,author proposed a novel approach about the design of spare parts logistics system----the spare parts logistics system design method based on LEAN SIX SIGMA。After briefly introducing the characteristics of spare parts logistics in automobile manufacture enterprise of P.R.China, this thesis analysises the challenge of the operation of current spare parts logistics in China,and expounds three critical aspects of the spare parts logistics:the forecasting of service parts demand;the inventory management of service parts and the locating of distribution center of service parts.
Secondly, this thesis applies the spare parts logistics system design method based on LEAN SIX SIGMA to solve above-mentioned problems of the service parts logistics system of automobile manufacture enterprise and then proposes a novel solution of logistics system, and set up a corresponding model and an integrated service parts logistics management model. Besides, according to the different controlling characteristics of spare parts, a new algorithm of spare parts demand forecasting and a new controlling policy of spare parts inventory have been proposed ,this thesis has solved basically the problem of the operations of current spare parts logistics in China.
Finally, the spare parts logistics system has been utilized and tested. The author has chosen a typical automobile manufacture enterprise——NAVECO Ltd. According to the specific conditions of the NAVECO, this thesis has designed a new spare parts logistics system for it, and set up the principles and direction which should be obeyed when developing a spare parts logistics system.
本文首先介绍了物流及物流管理的发展概况,给出了服务备件物流体系设计的原则与方向。在此基础之上,以顾客为导向,融合精益六西格玛管理思想,提出了一种新的服务备件物流体系设计方法——基于精益六西格玛思想的服务备件物流体系设计方法。
随后,作者从服务备件物流服务模式、物流体系结构及相应的物流环节入手,分析了我国现有汽车制造企业服务备件物流运行过程中存在的主要问题及未来面临的更高要求。阐述了服务备件物流的三个控制要点,即服务备件需求的预测、服务备件库存管理、服务备件配送中心的选址。
然后,作者利用“基于精益六西格玛思想的服务备件物流体系设计方法”针对汽车制造企业的服务备件物流系统提出了一种新的体系设计方案,并建立了相应的模型,构建了汽车制造企业服务备件物流一体化管理模式。同时针对服务备件物流的控制要点,结合汽车制造企业服务备件控制特征及维修需求的特点,引入了一种新的服务备件需求预测的算法和库存控制策略。基本解决了现有服务备件物流体系运行过程中存在的主要问题,为该方案在我国汽车制造企业中的进一步推广应用创造了前提。
最后,作者对其研究所述的服务备件物流体系相关理论进行了应用与检验。选取南京依维柯汽车有限公司,根据该公司的具体情况,依据新的服务备件物流体系设计方法为该公司打造一个新的服务备件物流体系,并给出了新的服务备件物流体系实施过程中所应遵循的原则,为新物流体系的实际操作指出了基本方向。
On the present stage, lots of automobile manufacture enterprises have paid more attention to the after-sale service market——the maximum "benefit cheese" of the automobile industrial chain. However, concealed by the huge profit, the cost of spare parts logistics is increasing rapidly, as well as the management chaos of after-sale service. Accordingly, in this thesis, the corresponding structure model of logistics system has been constructed by the author, which aims to set up a set of rational logistics solutions and then provide a reference for future spare parts logistics system upgrades of automobile manufacture enterprise.
This thesis presents the development overview of logistics and logistics management firstly, and brings forth the principles and directions. Then,author proposed a novel approach about the design of spare parts logistics system----the spare parts logistics system design method based on LEAN SIX SIGMA。After briefly introducing the characteristics of spare parts logistics in automobile manufacture enterprise of P.R.China, this thesis analysises the challenge of the operation of current spare parts logistics in China,and expounds three critical aspects of the spare parts logistics:the forecasting of service parts demand;the inventory management of service parts and the locating of distribution center of service parts.
Secondly, this thesis applies the spare parts logistics system design method based on LEAN SIX SIGMA to solve above-mentioned problems of the service parts logistics system of automobile manufacture enterprise and then proposes a novel solution of logistics system, and set up a corresponding model and an integrated service parts logistics management model. Besides, according to the different controlling characteristics of spare parts, a new algorithm of spare parts demand forecasting and a new controlling policy of spare parts inventory have been proposed ,this thesis has solved basically the problem of the operations of current spare parts logistics in China.
Finally, the spare parts logistics system has been utilized and tested. The author has chosen a typical automobile manufacture enterprise——NAVECO Ltd. According to the specific conditions of the NAVECO, this thesis has designed a new spare parts logistics system for it, and set up the principles and direction which should be obeyed when developing a spare parts logistics system.
引文
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[4] Panayotis Afentakis,Bezalel Gavish,Optimal for sizing algorithms for complex product structures,Operations Research,1986,34(2):237~249
[5] Sven Axaster,Wen-Fa Zhang,A joint replenishment policy for multi-echelon inventory control,International Journal of Production Economics,1999,59:243~250
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[25] 付勇,蔡正倩,备件物流运作初探,中国物流与采购,2002,2:28~30
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[31] 周欢庆,面向售后服务的汽车备品物流系统研究,硕士学位论文,武汉,武汉理工大学,2002
[32] 赵颖新,构建高效快捷的现代区域物流体系,特区经济,2006,1:284~285
[33] 何桢,车建国,精益六西格玛:新竞争优势的来源,天津大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(5):321~325
[34] 迈克尔·乔治,精益六西格玛服务,北京,中国财政经济出版社,2005
[35] 张丽红,曾凤章,精益生产与六西格玛管理整合的探讨,中国质量,2005,6:25~28
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[2] 宋华,王虎,汽车维修及服务企业信息化战略,武汉理工大学学报?信息与管理工程版,2004,6:9~13
[3] Andrew J Clark,Herbert Scarf,Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem,Management science,1996,50(12):1782~1790
[4] Panayotis Afentakis,Bezalel Gavish,Optimal for sizing algorithms for complex product structures,Operations Research,1986,34(2):237~249
[5] Sven Axaster,Wen-Fa Zhang,A joint replenishment policy for multi-echelon inventory control,International Journal of Production Economics,1999,59:243~250
[6] R Dekker,M J kleijn,The break quantity rule`s effect on inventory costs in a l-warehouse,N-retailers distributeon system.International Journal of Production Economics,1998,56-57:61~68
[7] Srinagesh Gavirneni,Roman kapuscinski,Sridhar Tayur,Value of information in capacitated supply chains,Management Science,1999,45(1):16~24
[8] 鲍勃·多纳斯,乔·麦泽,辛迪·迪宾,等,物流与库存管理手册(王宗喜),北京,电子工业出版社,2003:217~219
[9] 蔡临宁,物流系统规划——建模及实例分析,北京,机械工业出版社,2003:164~165
[10] 于孝生,ABC 分类管理方法在汽车维修业的应用研究,物流技术,2005,10:189~192
[11] 徐能伟、包凡彪,4S 汽车专营店零部件库存理论应用分析,北京汽车,2005,3:32~35
[12] 赵敏,崔南方,备件的联合库存模式研究,中国设备工程,2004,6:23~26
[13] 张洪,现代汽车售后服务管理体系的研究,硕士学位论文,广州,广东工业大学,2005
[14] 衣庆国,一汽—大众备件物流模式探讨,硕士学位论文,长春,吉林大学,2004
[15] 明谦,H 汽车公司供应链环境下整车物流管理的研究,硕士学位论文,成都,电子科技大学,2005
[16] 韩箫宇,汽车生产企业的物流成本管理及优化控制,硕士学位论文,成都,西南交通大学,2005
[17] 宋华,胡左浩,现代物流与供应链管理,北京,经济管理出版社,2004:22~24
[18] 金真,唐浩,现代物流:新的经济增长点,北京,中国物资出版社,2002:251~278
[19] 崔介何,物流学概论,北京,北京大学出版社,2004:266~280
[20] 蔡启明,张庆,现代物流管理,上海,立信会计出版社,2004:79~85
[21] 赵林度,供应链与物流管理理论与实务,北京,机械工业出版社,2003:3~9
[22] 王瑛,孙林岩,供应链物流平衡分析,北京,清华大学出版社,2005:6~9
[23] 马士华,供应链管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2000:41~43
[24] 朱亚立,备件管理:值得关注的利润金矿,物流时代,2004,3:10~13
[25] 付勇,蔡正倩,备件物流运作初探,中国物流与采购,2002,2:28~30
[26] 崔益明,朱道立,服务备件物流研究,物流技术,2004,3:14~16
[27] 朱道立,崔益明,等,逆向物流系统和技术,复旦学报(自然科学版),2003,42(5):673~679
[28] 刘飞,张晓东,杨丹,制造系统工程,北京,国防工业出版社,2000:1~234
[29] 任守榘,现代制造系统分析与设计,北京,科学出版社,1999:34~68
[30] 陈禹六,IDEF 建模分析和设计方法,北京,清华大学出版社,1999
[31] 周欢庆,面向售后服务的汽车备品物流系统研究,硕士学位论文,武汉,武汉理工大学,2002
[32] 赵颖新,构建高效快捷的现代区域物流体系,特区经济,2006,1:284~285
[33] 何桢,车建国,精益六西格玛:新竞争优势的来源,天津大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(5):321~325
[34] 迈克尔·乔治,精益六西格玛服务,北京,中国财政经济出版社,2005
[35] 张丽红,曾凤章,精益生产与六西格玛管理整合的探讨,中国质量,2005,6:25~28
[36] 顾青峰,有效地结合六西格玛和精益,中国质量,2005,9:49~51
[37] 施学良,戴晓震,精益六西格玛物流—质量和速度的完善结合,铁道物资科学管理,2005,5:20~22
[38] 曾娟,张国方,中国汽车零部件物流与整车物流的比较分析,武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2006,28(1):112~115
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