三维边坡极限平衡分析软件开发技术研究
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摘要
我国是一个多山、多雨雪天气的国家,滑坡灾害分布范围很广且频率很高。此外我国处在基础建设飞速发展的阶段,交通设施、水利水电设施的建设在全国范围内全面展开,极大的改变了地球浅表层的自然状态,打破了原有的平衡状态,使得滑坡灾害越发严重。因此,快速准确的边坡稳定性评价对指导边坡工程的设计施工、保证边坡工程的安全,具有极大的意义。
目前,二维方法仍是边坡稳定分析的最主要手段。但是自然界发生的绝大多数滑坡的三维效应十分明显,三维边坡稳定分析可以更加真实地评价边坡的稳定性。以垂直条分为基础的三维极限平衡分析方法已经有了充分的发展,并且开始用于边坡工程的稳定性分析。但是由于三维极限平衡分析方法本身的复杂性,其在工程应用中仍难以大规模推广。本文针对该问题,进行了三维极限平衡分析软件开发技术的研究,主要内容有以下几个方面:
(1)选取水科院三维极限平衡分析方法作为应用技术研究的基础,详细推导了该方法的求解过程,并提出了迭代初值的确定方法。
(2)提出了Delaunay三角网数字地层模型加下覆土层规则构建坡体模型的方法,并设计了一种构建Delaunay三角网的新型生长法——壳外插入法。
(3)设计了一种新型的三维滑裂面——双二次Bezier滑裂面。基于垂直条分法的特点,提出了基于格网数据的三维滑体构造方法。
(4)建立了三维临界滑裂面求解的目标函数,根据其特点确定了以遗传算法为基础的搜索方法。收集整理了改进遗传算法性能的研究成果。对遗传算法的实现技术进行了研究,设计了内存二进制编码技术和基于多线程的并行遗传技术,同时以面向对象方法设计了遗传算法实现框架。
(5)研究了三维边坡稳定分析应用技术的集成方法,设计了三维边坡稳定分析软件的开发构架,并以该框架设计了Ramtil-SLOPE应用程序。
In our country which is mountainous rainy and snowy landslide is widely and high-frequency happened. Moreover our country is at the stage of high-speed developing. Constructions of transportation establishments and hydropower stations are progressing all over the nation. These constructions caused more and more landslide disaster because of greatly destroying the natural state of the land surface and the balance of slopes. So rapidly and exactly evaluating the stability of slopes is meaningful for supervising the construction and design and ensuring the safety of slope projects.
At present, 2D method is still the main means for analysis of slope stability. But 3D effect is very evidence for mass landslides in the nature, so 3D analysis of slope stability can be more trustful. Nowadays, 3D limit equilibrium analysis methods which based on vertical slice method are highly developed and start used in analysis of slope stability. But 3D limit equilibrium analysis methods are hard to spread widely in slope project for the sake of complexity. For solving this problem, software developing techniques researches are presented in this paper. The main research contents can summarized as follows:
(1) IWHR method had been chosen as the base method for research. The solution procedure of the method had been derived. The method for sampling initial value of Newton-Raphson method which is for solving the limit equilibrium formulas was also presented.
(2) The modeling method using Delaunay Triangulation and surface coverage rule for describing 3D slope was presented. More over a new growth method for creating Delaunay Triangulation was presented.
(3) A new type of slip surface called two dimensional quadric Bezier slip surface was designed. For the characteristic of vertical slice method a method based on grid data for creating 3D slide mass model was designed.
(4) Objective function was setup for searching the critical slip surface and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was chosen as the searching method based on its characteristic. The main achievement of GA research work was summarized. The research works for application techniques of GA were done. Memory binary code and parallel GA based on Multi-Thread techniques were researched. And the architecture of GA application was designed using the Object-Oriented Design method.
(5) The methods for integrating the application techniques of 3D slope stability analysis were researched. The architecture was designed for developing 3D slope stability software and the Ramtil-SLOPE application was developed based on the architecture.
目前,二维方法仍是边坡稳定分析的最主要手段。但是自然界发生的绝大多数滑坡的三维效应十分明显,三维边坡稳定分析可以更加真实地评价边坡的稳定性。以垂直条分为基础的三维极限平衡分析方法已经有了充分的发展,并且开始用于边坡工程的稳定性分析。但是由于三维极限平衡分析方法本身的复杂性,其在工程应用中仍难以大规模推广。本文针对该问题,进行了三维极限平衡分析软件开发技术的研究,主要内容有以下几个方面:
(1)选取水科院三维极限平衡分析方法作为应用技术研究的基础,详细推导了该方法的求解过程,并提出了迭代初值的确定方法。
(2)提出了Delaunay三角网数字地层模型加下覆土层规则构建坡体模型的方法,并设计了一种构建Delaunay三角网的新型生长法——壳外插入法。
(3)设计了一种新型的三维滑裂面——双二次Bezier滑裂面。基于垂直条分法的特点,提出了基于格网数据的三维滑体构造方法。
(4)建立了三维临界滑裂面求解的目标函数,根据其特点确定了以遗传算法为基础的搜索方法。收集整理了改进遗传算法性能的研究成果。对遗传算法的实现技术进行了研究,设计了内存二进制编码技术和基于多线程的并行遗传技术,同时以面向对象方法设计了遗传算法实现框架。
(5)研究了三维边坡稳定分析应用技术的集成方法,设计了三维边坡稳定分析软件的开发构架,并以该框架设计了Ramtil-SLOPE应用程序。
In our country which is mountainous rainy and snowy landslide is widely and high-frequency happened. Moreover our country is at the stage of high-speed developing. Constructions of transportation establishments and hydropower stations are progressing all over the nation. These constructions caused more and more landslide disaster because of greatly destroying the natural state of the land surface and the balance of slopes. So rapidly and exactly evaluating the stability of slopes is meaningful for supervising the construction and design and ensuring the safety of slope projects.
At present, 2D method is still the main means for analysis of slope stability. But 3D effect is very evidence for mass landslides in the nature, so 3D analysis of slope stability can be more trustful. Nowadays, 3D limit equilibrium analysis methods which based on vertical slice method are highly developed and start used in analysis of slope stability. But 3D limit equilibrium analysis methods are hard to spread widely in slope project for the sake of complexity. For solving this problem, software developing techniques researches are presented in this paper. The main research contents can summarized as follows:
(1) IWHR method had been chosen as the base method for research. The solution procedure of the method had been derived. The method for sampling initial value of Newton-Raphson method which is for solving the limit equilibrium formulas was also presented.
(2) The modeling method using Delaunay Triangulation and surface coverage rule for describing 3D slope was presented. More over a new growth method for creating Delaunay Triangulation was presented.
(3) A new type of slip surface called two dimensional quadric Bezier slip surface was designed. For the characteristic of vertical slice method a method based on grid data for creating 3D slide mass model was designed.
(4) Objective function was setup for searching the critical slip surface and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was chosen as the searching method based on its characteristic. The main achievement of GA research work was summarized. The research works for application techniques of GA were done. Memory binary code and parallel GA based on Multi-Thread techniques were researched. And the architecture of GA application was designed using the Object-Oriented Design method.
(5) The methods for integrating the application techniques of 3D slope stability analysis were researched. The architecture was designed for developing 3D slope stability software and the Ramtil-SLOPE application was developed based on the architecture.
引文
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[3]Lam.,L.,D.G.Fredlund.A general limit equilibrium model for three-dimensinal slope stability analysis[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal.1993,30:905-919.
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[12]谢谟文,周国云,江崎哲郎,三谷浩泰.基于GIS空间数据库的三维边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002,10(21):1494-1499.
[13]姜清辉,王笑海,丰定祥,冯树仁.三维边坡稳定性极限平衡分析系统软件SLOPE3D的设计及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2003,7(22):1121-1125.
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[17]张常亮.边坡最危险滑动面的三维搜索方法研究[D].长安大学,西安,2005.
[18]谢谟文,蔡美峰.信息边坡工程学的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[19]Chen,Z.,Wang J.,Wang Y.,Haberfield C.A three-dimensional slope stability analysis method using the upper bound theorem,Part II:Numerical approaches,applications and extensions.[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2001,(38):379-397.
[20]张浩,王常明,马文东.边坡最危险滑动面全局搜索的模拟退火算法及改进[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版).2007,1(37):129-133.
[21]吴余生,陈胜宏.并行组合模拟退火算法在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].岩土力学.2006,9(27):1554-1558.
[22]张发明,郭丙跃,庞正江,周祖权,周民权.基于模拟退火算法的边坡稳定分析方法[J].岩土力学.2006,4(27):514-518.
[23]李亮,迟世春,林皋.禁忌模拟退火复合形法及其在边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2005,18(24):3342-3349.
[24]吕文杰,李晓军,朱合华.基于遗传算法的边坡稳定分析通用算法[J].岩土工程学报.2005,5(27):595-599.
[25]李亮,迟世春,郑榕明,林皋.一种新型遗传算法及其在土坡任意滑动面确定中的应用[J].水利学报.2007,2(38):157-162.
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