基于平衡视角的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护研究
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摘要
虚拟企业(Virtual Enterprise)是企业经营者为了适应快速变化的竞争市场需求,通过信息技术连接起来的动态组织结构,具备许多传统企业所不能比拟的优势。但这种运营模式也面临着诸如：合作伙伴的筛选、工作流程的优化与业务监控、相关企业的文化融合与技术兼容、风险预警与控制、诚信与信任的建立和利益分配,等一系列实际问题。其中,如何选择合适的业务伙伴,并与之维持一种稳定、良好的协调关系是保障合作成功的关键。合作伙伴选择->业务合作->关系调整->合作伙伴调整->合作伙伴再选择…,是一个密不可分的完整过程。在这个过程中,合作双方的综合实力决定着各自所处的地位,而各自所具有的独特能力与资源分布则决定了双方的业务需求是否彼此吻合,业务合作关系是否能够建立。一旦双方的业务合作关系建立起来,把握双方业务合作的密切程度便成为维护彼此良好合作关系的基础。
本研究从一个全新的视角,以中国古代太极阴阳平衡哲学思想为指导,对虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护研究所涉及到的几个主要命题,包括：虚拟企业能量与熵评估；虚拟企业成员间的业务耦合度分析；虚拟企业间合作伙伴关系发展的趋势与周期分析；虚拟企业合作伙伴利益分配、边界确定与风险控制等,进行了深入、细致地分析,从而构建出一个具有东方哲学特色的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型。
这个模型力求自觉遵守“宇宙万物动态平衡”的自然界基本定律,秉持“己之不欲,勿施与人”的原则,寻求与“能量匹配”,“供需互补”的业务伙伴维持“张驰有度”的协调关系,达到“合作共赢”的商业目的。这种主动遵循与寻求相应平衡的操作模式,与以往其他通过彼此博弈、竞争等方式所被动达到的各种基本平衡,具有殊途同归的效果,但显然其具有更高的效率和更持久的稳定性,具有比以往其它企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模式,更为便捷与高效的显著特点。
在课题研究中,我们采取了：学习和借鉴国内外已有相关研究成果与探索创新相结合、理论推导与实例说明相结合、定性判断与定量分析相结合的方法,在大量查阅国内外相关研究文献的基础上,结合典型实际案例分析和业内问卷调查,运用太极阴阳平衡、热力学熵、耗散结构、社会学择偶和价值链等理论,通过虚拟企业合作伙伴之间能量与熵的比较,对影响虚拟企业合作伙伴之间关系发展的相关因素进行分析,发现其运行机制的一般规律,并进而揭示出这一完整商务过程的本质、内涵及特征。即：定性地把握问题的本质,定量地对所关注问题的相关因素进行分析和计算,建立相应的数学模型,为所得研究结论提供有力的数据支撑,使本项研究所建的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型,具有科学性和实用性。
通过这个课题的研究,我们主要在以下几方面取得了一些突破和进展：
[1].创新地将中国古代太极阴阳平衡哲学思想,应用于指导构建虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型；
[2].建立了衡量虚拟企业大小与综合实力的企业能量体系,使虚拟企业能量与虚拟企业熵两者对立统一的关系,在这个体系里得以充分的体现；
[3].建立、发展和完善了企业能量与熵的概念及应用,从企业能量扩散与分布的微观层面,研究企业各类能量之间的流动与转换,从而赋予企业熵以全新的内容,揭示了虚拟企业运营过程中的能量聚集、转移与扩散关系；
[4].对虚拟企业能量势、能量流与能量阻等相关指标进行了定义和深入分析；
[5].提出了虚拟企业合作方式与关系测量的计算方法,实现了虚拟企业合作伙伴之间业务合作关系的现状描述(虚拟企业耦合系数μ)与关系发展趋势预测(关系发展系数ω)的有效结合；
[6].建立了LD虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型,将太极阴阳平衡的指导思想,通过虚拟企业能量与熵、业务耦合系数、关系发展系数等指标,应用于其业务操作的全过程；
[7].运用突变理论,结合虚拟企业能量与熵两项考核指标,对虚拟企业的业务发展的尖点突变进行了分析；
[8].对经典Shapley值算法进行了修正,使之更加适用于具有风险分担的虚拟企业合作业务利益分配；
[9].运用本研究建立的虚拟企业能量与熵体系,对虚拟企业的边界控制、风险规避进行了较为详尽的理论推导与分析；
但是,由于本研究的时间与资源所限,仍旧有许多相关问题并未展开或讨论,这些都将是我们今后进行深入与细化的研究领域和方向。
The virtual enterprise (VE) is a dynamic organization for the entrepreneurs to adapt to the rapidly changing competitive market. It is connected by IT with many advantages which the traditional businesses structure can not match. However,this business operation mode is also facing some practical challenges, such as:the partner selection, the workflow optimization and business monitoring, the corporation culture integration and technology compatibility, the risk warning and controlling, the trusty and integrity building up, and the benefits distribution, etc. Among them, the key to the success is to select the suitable business partners with a stable, good and harmonious relationship for the business cooperation. The Partner Selection-> Business Cooperation-> Relationship Adjustment-> Partners Adjustment-> Partners Reselect..., is an inseparable integrated operational process. In this process, the comprehensive strength of each partner determines their respective status. Their unique capabilities and resources distribution determine whether their business requirements could be consistent with each other, and their business relationship could be established. Once this business cooperation relationship is established, to maintain a proper business coupling level has become the main factor to achieve and keep a good relationship with each other.
In this paper, from a new perspective, with chinese Tai-Chi negative and positive balance theory as the guiding ideology, we have deeply and carefully studied these several key propositions, involved in the virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance, including:the virtual enterprise energy and entropy assessment; the business coupling, between partners in a virtual enterprise, analysis; the analysis of the development trend and cycle of the relationship between the partners; the benefits distribution; the VE boundary determination and risk management, etc. And the virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model, with characteristics of eastern philosophy, has been constructed.
This model is trying to consciously cmply with the universal nature law of the dynamic balance of everything, to uphold the principle of disliking-disgiving, to select the energy matching business partners, to maintain a harmonious relationship between them, to achieve the win-win business goal. Comparing with other operation modes in the past which achieved these balances through the competitions and games, with such initiatives following and seeking the balance with other mutual, this mode is apparently more efficient, stable and convenient to get the same results.
In the research, we have used the following methods, such as:combining the referring to literatures in land and abroad with self-innovation; combining the theoretical exploring with example demonstrations; combining the qualitative judgment with quantitative calculating. Based on a large number of these literatures, with the typical field case-study and survey, and guided by the theories of, tai-chi native and positive balance, thermodynamic entropy, dissipative structure, sociology mate selection, and value chain theories, we have spreaded the comparison between the VE energy and entropy, and studied the relevant factors of the development of relations between enterprise partners, and found its general operational mechanism, and revealed the nature, contents and features of this complete business process. Namely, by grasping the nature of the problem, analysising the corresponding factors quantitatively, constructing the mathematical model which could provide strong data support to the research conclusions derived from this study, our VE partner selection and relationship maintenance model is not only scientific but also practical.
In this research, we have achieved some breakthroughs and progress in the following aspects:
1) Innovatively applied ancient chinese Tai-Chi negative and positive balance philosophy to guid the construction of modern virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model;
2) Constructed the VE energy system, in which the size and the overall strength of a VE could be evaluated, and the relation of energy and entropy in it, with the characteristic of unity of opposites, could be fully reflected;
3) Established, developed and compeleted the concepts and application of enterprise powerty and entropy. Studied various energy flow and conversion from the micro level of the diffusion and distribution of it, Defined the enterprise entropy with totally new contents, and revealed the nature of the accumulation, transfer and diffusion in the VE business operations process;
4) Defined and deeply analyzied the VE energy force, energy flow and energy resistance, and other related indicators;
5) Suggested the measurement methods, which is the effective combination of describing the current status of the business cooperation (virtual enterprises coupling coefficient μ) and predicating the trend of development of relations between them (the relationship development coefficients ω), and could easily evaluate the business coupling and relationship degree between the VE partners;
6) Established the LD virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model, which applies the tai-chi native and positive balance guiding ideology to the whole VE operation process, with the virtual enterprise energy and entropy, and the business coupling coefficient μ, and the relationship development coefficient ω, and other factors;
7) With the virtual enterprise two evaluation indicators of the energy and entropy, employeed the catastrophe theory to the analysis of cusp mutation of the its business development;
8) Amended the classical Shapley value algorithm to make it more suitable for the distribution of benefits in a VE, with the risk-sharing related factors;
9) With the virtual enterprise energy and entropy system established in this research, processed a comprehensive theoretical derivation and analysis of the VE border control and its risk aversion;
However, due to time and resource constraints in this research, there are still many related issues which have not been expanded or discussed, these will be our future research fields and directions for its further refinement.
本研究从一个全新的视角,以中国古代太极阴阳平衡哲学思想为指导,对虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护研究所涉及到的几个主要命题,包括：虚拟企业能量与熵评估；虚拟企业成员间的业务耦合度分析；虚拟企业间合作伙伴关系发展的趋势与周期分析；虚拟企业合作伙伴利益分配、边界确定与风险控制等,进行了深入、细致地分析,从而构建出一个具有东方哲学特色的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型。
这个模型力求自觉遵守“宇宙万物动态平衡”的自然界基本定律,秉持“己之不欲,勿施与人”的原则,寻求与“能量匹配”,“供需互补”的业务伙伴维持“张驰有度”的协调关系,达到“合作共赢”的商业目的。这种主动遵循与寻求相应平衡的操作模式,与以往其他通过彼此博弈、竞争等方式所被动达到的各种基本平衡,具有殊途同归的效果,但显然其具有更高的效率和更持久的稳定性,具有比以往其它企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模式,更为便捷与高效的显著特点。
在课题研究中,我们采取了：学习和借鉴国内外已有相关研究成果与探索创新相结合、理论推导与实例说明相结合、定性判断与定量分析相结合的方法,在大量查阅国内外相关研究文献的基础上,结合典型实际案例分析和业内问卷调查,运用太极阴阳平衡、热力学熵、耗散结构、社会学择偶和价值链等理论,通过虚拟企业合作伙伴之间能量与熵的比较,对影响虚拟企业合作伙伴之间关系发展的相关因素进行分析,发现其运行机制的一般规律,并进而揭示出这一完整商务过程的本质、内涵及特征。即：定性地把握问题的本质,定量地对所关注问题的相关因素进行分析和计算,建立相应的数学模型,为所得研究结论提供有力的数据支撑,使本项研究所建的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型,具有科学性和实用性。
通过这个课题的研究,我们主要在以下几方面取得了一些突破和进展：
[1].创新地将中国古代太极阴阳平衡哲学思想,应用于指导构建虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型；
[2].建立了衡量虚拟企业大小与综合实力的企业能量体系,使虚拟企业能量与虚拟企业熵两者对立统一的关系,在这个体系里得以充分的体现；
[3].建立、发展和完善了企业能量与熵的概念及应用,从企业能量扩散与分布的微观层面,研究企业各类能量之间的流动与转换,从而赋予企业熵以全新的内容,揭示了虚拟企业运营过程中的能量聚集、转移与扩散关系；
[4].对虚拟企业能量势、能量流与能量阻等相关指标进行了定义和深入分析；
[5].提出了虚拟企业合作方式与关系测量的计算方法,实现了虚拟企业合作伙伴之间业务合作关系的现状描述(虚拟企业耦合系数μ)与关系发展趋势预测(关系发展系数ω)的有效结合；
[6].建立了LD虚拟企业合作伙伴选择与关系维护模型,将太极阴阳平衡的指导思想,通过虚拟企业能量与熵、业务耦合系数、关系发展系数等指标,应用于其业务操作的全过程；
[7].运用突变理论,结合虚拟企业能量与熵两项考核指标,对虚拟企业的业务发展的尖点突变进行了分析；
[8].对经典Shapley值算法进行了修正,使之更加适用于具有风险分担的虚拟企业合作业务利益分配；
[9].运用本研究建立的虚拟企业能量与熵体系,对虚拟企业的边界控制、风险规避进行了较为详尽的理论推导与分析；
但是,由于本研究的时间与资源所限,仍旧有许多相关问题并未展开或讨论,这些都将是我们今后进行深入与细化的研究领域和方向。
The virtual enterprise (VE) is a dynamic organization for the entrepreneurs to adapt to the rapidly changing competitive market. It is connected by IT with many advantages which the traditional businesses structure can not match. However,this business operation mode is also facing some practical challenges, such as:the partner selection, the workflow optimization and business monitoring, the corporation culture integration and technology compatibility, the risk warning and controlling, the trusty and integrity building up, and the benefits distribution, etc. Among them, the key to the success is to select the suitable business partners with a stable, good and harmonious relationship for the business cooperation. The Partner Selection-> Business Cooperation-> Relationship Adjustment-> Partners Adjustment-> Partners Reselect..., is an inseparable integrated operational process. In this process, the comprehensive strength of each partner determines their respective status. Their unique capabilities and resources distribution determine whether their business requirements could be consistent with each other, and their business relationship could be established. Once this business cooperation relationship is established, to maintain a proper business coupling level has become the main factor to achieve and keep a good relationship with each other.
In this paper, from a new perspective, with chinese Tai-Chi negative and positive balance theory as the guiding ideology, we have deeply and carefully studied these several key propositions, involved in the virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance, including:the virtual enterprise energy and entropy assessment; the business coupling, between partners in a virtual enterprise, analysis; the analysis of the development trend and cycle of the relationship between the partners; the benefits distribution; the VE boundary determination and risk management, etc. And the virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model, with characteristics of eastern philosophy, has been constructed.
This model is trying to consciously cmply with the universal nature law of the dynamic balance of everything, to uphold the principle of disliking-disgiving, to select the energy matching business partners, to maintain a harmonious relationship between them, to achieve the win-win business goal. Comparing with other operation modes in the past which achieved these balances through the competitions and games, with such initiatives following and seeking the balance with other mutual, this mode is apparently more efficient, stable and convenient to get the same results.
In the research, we have used the following methods, such as:combining the referring to literatures in land and abroad with self-innovation; combining the theoretical exploring with example demonstrations; combining the qualitative judgment with quantitative calculating. Based on a large number of these literatures, with the typical field case-study and survey, and guided by the theories of, tai-chi native and positive balance, thermodynamic entropy, dissipative structure, sociology mate selection, and value chain theories, we have spreaded the comparison between the VE energy and entropy, and studied the relevant factors of the development of relations between enterprise partners, and found its general operational mechanism, and revealed the nature, contents and features of this complete business process. Namely, by grasping the nature of the problem, analysising the corresponding factors quantitatively, constructing the mathematical model which could provide strong data support to the research conclusions derived from this study, our VE partner selection and relationship maintenance model is not only scientific but also practical.
In this research, we have achieved some breakthroughs and progress in the following aspects:
1) Innovatively applied ancient chinese Tai-Chi negative and positive balance philosophy to guid the construction of modern virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model;
2) Constructed the VE energy system, in which the size and the overall strength of a VE could be evaluated, and the relation of energy and entropy in it, with the characteristic of unity of opposites, could be fully reflected;
3) Established, developed and compeleted the concepts and application of enterprise powerty and entropy. Studied various energy flow and conversion from the micro level of the diffusion and distribution of it, Defined the enterprise entropy with totally new contents, and revealed the nature of the accumulation, transfer and diffusion in the VE business operations process;
4) Defined and deeply analyzied the VE energy force, energy flow and energy resistance, and other related indicators;
5) Suggested the measurement methods, which is the effective combination of describing the current status of the business cooperation (virtual enterprises coupling coefficient μ) and predicating the trend of development of relations between them (the relationship development coefficients ω), and could easily evaluate the business coupling and relationship degree between the VE partners;
6) Established the LD virtual enterprise partner selection and relationship maintenance model, which applies the tai-chi native and positive balance guiding ideology to the whole VE operation process, with the virtual enterprise energy and entropy, and the business coupling coefficient μ, and the relationship development coefficient ω, and other factors;
7) With the virtual enterprise two evaluation indicators of the energy and entropy, employeed the catastrophe theory to the analysis of cusp mutation of the its business development;
8) Amended the classical Shapley value algorithm to make it more suitable for the distribution of benefits in a VE, with the risk-sharing related factors;
9) With the virtual enterprise energy and entropy system established in this research, processed a comprehensive theoretical derivation and analysis of the VE border control and its risk aversion;
However, due to time and resource constraints in this research, there are still many related issues which have not been expanded or discussed, these will be our future research fields and directions for its further refinement.
引文
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