综合客运枢纽功能与结构数值实验系统设计
摘要
交通问题是困扰城市建设和发展的主要问题之一,城市客运交通枢纽是城市中多种交通方式衔接的基础设施,具有管理和组织客流、中转换乘和辅助服务等多项功能。随着我国城市交通拥堵日益严重,对综合客运交通枢纽的功能和结构进行合理的设计及优化,从而提高客运枢纽的运行效率也越来越重要。对枢纽的分析评估传统上采用静态分析方法,这种分析方法功能有限,得到的结果准确度也不高,而且只能得到结果,而无法分析和展现形成结果的过程。采用计算机仿真技术来再现枢纽内的交通行为、枢纽设施的利用情况,通过仿真数据进行各项指标的分析,对枢纽设施的设计和运营情况进行实验评估,是国内外公认的一种高效的方法。充分分析我国城市居民出行特征,综合考虑枢纽内部静态设施、移动单元及动态控制模式等各方面因素,开发实现客运枢纽运行效率及换乘协调性定量化仿真评估系统也必然具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
本系统是对枢纽内部交通行为的微观仿真,交通实体采用多智能体技术,使仿真更加精确。在图形处理上采用OpenGL技术,使仿真效果更加形象美观。本文提出了系统的设计思路和实现方案。
With the rapid development of social economy and constantly With the rapid development of social economy and constantly speeding up of urbanization process, urban population is more and more concentrated. Urban vehicles continue to increase and the demand for urban traffic increases sharply. Those consequently result in the trouble of traffic jam, which has become an overall situation problem that affects the normal function and sustainable development of cities. The city p- transportation hub is the infrastructure which in the city the many kinds of transportation way links up, has the management and the organization passenger flow, center transforms while with the assistance service and so on many functions, is playing the crucial role in the entire municipal transportation. Presently, various cities p- transportation hub mostly has the design which is not reasonable, the facility not necessary, the facility layout unreasonable, the transportation organization uncoordinated and some other questions, which caused the key position trading not to be high while the efficiency, affects the entire municipal transportation fast to be unobstructed, often became the municipal transportation the bottleneck.
How does the synthesis passenger transportation hub overall transportation potency, in the hub itself structure and the function flaw as well as the hub each transportation way links up the efficiency and the coordination carries on the appraisal and the analysis, thus can assist synthesizes the passenger transportation hub system the design and the optimization, strengthens the hub resources the use factor, enhances the hub the transportation to trade while the efficiency, became the key that improved the hub transportation. Using the city passenger transportation hub transportation simulation platform, may dynamically and clearly observe each kind of transportation phenomenon in the hub, thoroughly analyze the transportation characteristic of the transportation flows and the hub static state facility use situation which is in the hub, effectively in the hub design, the hub the facility layout and the hub transportation organization plans carries on the appraisal, discovers the hub’s bottleneck, analyzes the reason that caused the bottleneck, carries on the experiment and the analysis to each kind of optimized plan, is advantageous to carries on the research about transportation plan, transportation organization and management. Through the simulation method, may avoid some expensive and also the cycle long traffic survey and the field test, obtains the data by the very small price which investigates with difficulty, and the reappearance many kinds of transportation phenomenon, is a effective method that studies the municipal transportation.
The hub transportation simulation system has many merits. It does not need the participation of real systems and it also has the economical convenience the merit, specially was suitable for the research about design proposal and transportation behavior which still does not exist or being in the plan. It can clearly understand which variables of the transportation flow are important, as well as how do they are mutually affect. It can also effectively study in the hub transportation system certain dangerous situations or the disaster consequence, like fire evacuation and so on. At the same time, it can duplicate provides the similar transportation environment, may carry on the fair evaluation to the different plan design proposal and unceasingly change the system movement condition, thus may forecast the transportation system in each kind of situation behavior.It can change transportation demand along with time and space, thus can make the forecast for the hub transportation stops. When other traffic analysis technologies are not suitable, the transportation simulation system often can effectively solve the problem. Through this analysis, the appraisal and the experiment that the transportation simulation system makes to the city passenger transportation hub may make the appraisal to the hub design and help to propose optimized plans and carries on evaluation to them, thus enhances the transportation trades while the efficiency of the hub. The traditional method of transportation plan and the control system applied mathematics analysis method. This has not been able to adapt the modern transportation demand in solving complex system like the municipal transportation system aspect. Compares with mathematics analytic method, the method with the simulation analysis may carefully describe the difference between each transportation entity, reappears entire process of the hub transportation, is advantageous for studies the dynamic performance of complex system from the time and the spatial two angles simultaneously. The technique of simulation has powerful life and latent ability because of its high efficiency, high quality and low cost.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are microscopic simulations to the hub interior transportation behavior, altogether divides into four functions modules. The modeling system primary answers for establishing simulation model and it is a most alternately module with users. The user needs to establish the simulation scene of the hub, establish logic object and link them to become the way, input and set parameters finally to form a complete model no wrong document. Simulation system is mainly responsible for the simulation and related control. The user opens the model document then can start to simulate. Simulation system can generate a simulation final outcome document which record all the relevant data of the entire simulation process. Analysis and experimental system is mainly responsible for the analysis and the results output in a variety of ways, and different options can be compared. Users can open the simulation result document for analysis also can open the model document simulating and analyze at the same time.3D simulation system is mainly responsible for the hub 3-D simulation results demonstrate, which simulation data are from the simulation result document of simulation system or model document of the modeling system.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are primarily used of several key technologies in the achievement. The hub scene establishment used data of DXF, 3DS document conversion technology. The user inducts the hub design document which is in the DXF form through the modeling system. After reads and transforms its data the system redraw them up on the screen. Then the user carries on the suitable modifying to form the simulation scene of the hub. The user inducts the hub design document which is in the 3DS form through the 3D simulation system, then reads its data and carry on redrawing them. After the suitable revision they becomes the hub’s 3D simulation scene. Such procedure obviously is simpler and more accurate than the users draw up the hub scene himself.
In the system all of the logical objects drawing and edition, the scene drawing and the edition, the animation production used the OpenGL technology. Carries on the graph plan with OpenGL quite conveniently, moreover draws up the graph vivid, lifelike and has a better interactive performance. It to the animation the handling ability also is most outstanding. To simulate the pedestrian,the multi-agent technology has been used. The multi-agent technology application enables the pedestrian in the simulation system have the certain ponder capacity, even more approaches the reality, can manifest under the real transportation environment pedestrian's behavior characteristic, causes the simulation effect of the entire simulation system more lifelike and accurate, as the platform that appraises and tests the transportation hub its function to be able fully to manifest.
This article proposed the design of the system mentality, drew system detailed functional diagram and the use case graph, has built a procedure frame, finally has realized a simulation under a simple hub scene. In the simulation system transportation entities are pedestrians which have simple intelligence, can defer to own way complete own transportation behavior and can hide shuts the barrier and other pedestrians in the active period.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are function formidable platforms for transportation hub’s simulation, analysis and test. Its research and the development to improve the municipal transportation, display the city function have the important practical significance and big economic value. To achieve the goal which the system namely decides, we must spend a lot of time and the energy consummates its each function. But the research of the multi-agent will be the future work key point, because the multi-agent performance quality will be the system simulation effect directly manifests, also will be this system most important innovation breakthrough point.
本系统是对枢纽内部交通行为的微观仿真,交通实体采用多智能体技术,使仿真更加精确。在图形处理上采用OpenGL技术,使仿真效果更加形象美观。本文提出了系统的设计思路和实现方案。
With the rapid development of social economy and constantly With the rapid development of social economy and constantly speeding up of urbanization process, urban population is more and more concentrated. Urban vehicles continue to increase and the demand for urban traffic increases sharply. Those consequently result in the trouble of traffic jam, which has become an overall situation problem that affects the normal function and sustainable development of cities. The city p- transportation hub is the infrastructure which in the city the many kinds of transportation way links up, has the management and the organization passenger flow, center transforms while with the assistance service and so on many functions, is playing the crucial role in the entire municipal transportation. Presently, various cities p- transportation hub mostly has the design which is not reasonable, the facility not necessary, the facility layout unreasonable, the transportation organization uncoordinated and some other questions, which caused the key position trading not to be high while the efficiency, affects the entire municipal transportation fast to be unobstructed, often became the municipal transportation the bottleneck.
How does the synthesis passenger transportation hub overall transportation potency, in the hub itself structure and the function flaw as well as the hub each transportation way links up the efficiency and the coordination carries on the appraisal and the analysis, thus can assist synthesizes the passenger transportation hub system the design and the optimization, strengthens the hub resources the use factor, enhances the hub the transportation to trade while the efficiency, became the key that improved the hub transportation. Using the city passenger transportation hub transportation simulation platform, may dynamically and clearly observe each kind of transportation phenomenon in the hub, thoroughly analyze the transportation characteristic of the transportation flows and the hub static state facility use situation which is in the hub, effectively in the hub design, the hub the facility layout and the hub transportation organization plans carries on the appraisal, discovers the hub’s bottleneck, analyzes the reason that caused the bottleneck, carries on the experiment and the analysis to each kind of optimized plan, is advantageous to carries on the research about transportation plan, transportation organization and management. Through the simulation method, may avoid some expensive and also the cycle long traffic survey and the field test, obtains the data by the very small price which investigates with difficulty, and the reappearance many kinds of transportation phenomenon, is a effective method that studies the municipal transportation.
The hub transportation simulation system has many merits. It does not need the participation of real systems and it also has the economical convenience the merit, specially was suitable for the research about design proposal and transportation behavior which still does not exist or being in the plan. It can clearly understand which variables of the transportation flow are important, as well as how do they are mutually affect. It can also effectively study in the hub transportation system certain dangerous situations or the disaster consequence, like fire evacuation and so on. At the same time, it can duplicate provides the similar transportation environment, may carry on the fair evaluation to the different plan design proposal and unceasingly change the system movement condition, thus may forecast the transportation system in each kind of situation behavior.It can change transportation demand along with time and space, thus can make the forecast for the hub transportation stops. When other traffic analysis technologies are not suitable, the transportation simulation system often can effectively solve the problem. Through this analysis, the appraisal and the experiment that the transportation simulation system makes to the city passenger transportation hub may make the appraisal to the hub design and help to propose optimized plans and carries on evaluation to them, thus enhances the transportation trades while the efficiency of the hub. The traditional method of transportation plan and the control system applied mathematics analysis method. This has not been able to adapt the modern transportation demand in solving complex system like the municipal transportation system aspect. Compares with mathematics analytic method, the method with the simulation analysis may carefully describe the difference between each transportation entity, reappears entire process of the hub transportation, is advantageous for studies the dynamic performance of complex system from the time and the spatial two angles simultaneously. The technique of simulation has powerful life and latent ability because of its high efficiency, high quality and low cost.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are microscopic simulations to the hub interior transportation behavior, altogether divides into four functions modules. The modeling system primary answers for establishing simulation model and it is a most alternately module with users. The user needs to establish the simulation scene of the hub, establish logic object and link them to become the way, input and set parameters finally to form a complete model no wrong document. Simulation system is mainly responsible for the simulation and related control. The user opens the model document then can start to simulate. Simulation system can generate a simulation final outcome document which record all the relevant data of the entire simulation process. Analysis and experimental system is mainly responsible for the analysis and the results output in a variety of ways, and different options can be compared. Users can open the simulation result document for analysis also can open the model document simulating and analyze at the same time.3D simulation system is mainly responsible for the hub 3-D simulation results demonstrate, which simulation data are from the simulation result document of simulation system or model document of the modeling system.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are primarily used of several key technologies in the achievement. The hub scene establishment used data of DXF, 3DS document conversion technology. The user inducts the hub design document which is in the DXF form through the modeling system. After reads and transforms its data the system redraw them up on the screen. Then the user carries on the suitable modifying to form the simulation scene of the hub. The user inducts the hub design document which is in the 3DS form through the 3D simulation system, then reads its data and carry on redrawing them. After the suitable revision they becomes the hub’s 3D simulation scene. Such procedure obviously is simpler and more accurate than the users draw up the hub scene himself.
In the system all of the logical objects drawing and edition, the scene drawing and the edition, the animation production used the OpenGL technology. Carries on the graph plan with OpenGL quite conveniently, moreover draws up the graph vivid, lifelike and has a better interactive performance. It to the animation the handling ability also is most outstanding. To simulate the pedestrian,the multi-agent technology has been used. The multi-agent technology application enables the pedestrian in the simulation system have the certain ponder capacity, even more approaches the reality, can manifest under the real transportation environment pedestrian's behavior characteristic, causes the simulation effect of the entire simulation system more lifelike and accurate, as the platform that appraises and tests the transportation hub its function to be able fully to manifest.
This article proposed the design of the system mentality, drew system detailed functional diagram and the use case graph, has built a procedure frame, finally has realized a simulation under a simple hub scene. In the simulation system transportation entities are pedestrians which have simple intelligence, can defer to own way complete own transportation behavior and can hide shuts the barrier and other pedestrians in the active period.
The integrated passenger hub function and structure of numerical experiments systems are function formidable platforms for transportation hub’s simulation, analysis and test. Its research and the development to improve the municipal transportation, display the city function have the important practical significance and big economic value. To achieve the goal which the system namely decides, we must spend a lot of time and the energy consummates its each function. But the research of the multi-agent will be the future work key point, because the multi-agent performance quality will be the system simulation effect directly manifests, also will be this system most important innovation breakthrough point.
引文
[1] 陈大伟,大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究,东南大学博士学位论文,2006,P1.
[2] 程婕,城市客运交通枢纽规划研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2005,P1.
[3] 李得伟, 城市轨道交通枢纽乘客集散模型及微观仿真理论,北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007,P1-3.
[4] Hankin,B.D.,and Wright,R.A., Case Studies,Operation Research,1958,9:P81-88.
[5] Henderson,L.F., On the Fluid Mechanism of Human Crowd Motion,Transportation Research,1974,8(6):P509-515.
[6] Okazaki,S., A Study of Pedestrian Movement in Architectural Space Part 2:Concentrated Pedestrian Movement,Trans of A.I.J.,1979,284(36):P101-110.
[7] Helbing,D.,and Molnar,P.,Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics,Physical Review E,1998,51(5):P4282-4286.
[8] Algadhi,S.H.,and Mahmassani,H.,Simulation of Crowd Behavior and Movement:Fundamental Relations and Application ,Transportation Research Record,1991,1320:P260-268.
[9] Daamen,W.,SimPed:a Pedestrian Simulation Tool for Large Pedestrian Areas,Conference Proceedings EuroSIW,2002,24-26.
[10] Daamen,W.,and Hoogendoom,S.P.,Experimental Research on Pedestrian Walking Behavior , 82th Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[11] Hoogendoom,S.P.,Microscopic simulation of Pedestrian Flows,Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[12] Hoogendoom,S.P.,Wayfinding Under Uncertainty in Continuous Time and Space by Dynamic Programming,Proceedings of the 13thMini-EURO Conference “Handling Uncertainty in the Analysis of Traffic and Transportation Systems”,2002,P71-76.
[13] Hoogendoom , S.P.and Daamen , W. , Extracting Microscopic Pedestrian Characteristics from Video Data,82th Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[14] Biham,O.,Middletom,A.A.,and Levine,D.A.,Self-Organization and a Dynamical Transition in Traffic Flow Models,Physical Review E,1992,46:PR6124-R6127.
[15] Fukui,M.,Ishibashi,Y.,Traffic Flow in ID Cellular Automation Model Including Cars Moving with High Speed,Phys.Soc.jpn,1998,65(5):P1868-1870.
[16] Graham,T.L.,Qualitative Overview of Some Important Factors Affecting the Egress of People in the Hotel Fires,Hospital Management,2000,P19-79.
[17] Muramatsu,M.,and Nagatani,T.,Jamming Transition in Two-Dimensional Pedestrian Traffic , Physica A , 2000 ,275:P281-291.
[18] 方伟峰,杨立中等,基于元胞自动机的多自主体人员行为模型及其在性能化设计中的应用, 中国工程科学,2003,5(3):P67-71.
[19] 张培红、黄晓燕等,基于智能体技术的人员群集流动动力学模型, 沈阳建筑大学学报,2005,121(4):P358-362.
[20] 李得伟,韩宝明等,基于多智能体的交通枢纽微观仿真研究, 都市快轨交通,2006,19(5):P48-51.
[21] 张成才、孙喜梅、朱陶业,AutoCAD的DXF文件格式及其转换接口研究, 微型电脑应用,2001年第17卷第8期,P54.
[22] 杨 帆、杨克俭、王玉华、艾虹虹,3DS 文件格式与自定义文件格式的转换,交通与计算机,2004年第3期,P101-104.
[23] 孙熊熊,OpenGL 在交通仿真系统中的应用与研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007,P9-10.
[24] GrapeCity,白话面向智能体编程(Agent Oriented Programmig, AOP),GCDN,2005.6.
[25] 贾洪飞、 司银霞、唐明, 基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息加工模式研究, 中国安全科学学报, 2006.1.
[26] S.P. Hoogendoorn、P.H.L. Bovy, Pedestrian route-choice and activity scheduling theory and models , Transportation Research Part B 38 ,2004, P169-190.
[27] Hirtle、 S. C. and J. Hudson , Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge for Routes. Journal of Environmental Psycholog , 1991,P335-345.
[28] 唐明,基于 MAS 的大型客运枢纽仿真系统框架研究,2007.
[2] 程婕,城市客运交通枢纽规划研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2005,P1.
[3] 李得伟, 城市轨道交通枢纽乘客集散模型及微观仿真理论,北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007,P1-3.
[4] Hankin,B.D.,and Wright,R.A., Case Studies,Operation Research,1958,9:P81-88.
[5] Henderson,L.F., On the Fluid Mechanism of Human Crowd Motion,Transportation Research,1974,8(6):P509-515.
[6] Okazaki,S., A Study of Pedestrian Movement in Architectural Space Part 2:Concentrated Pedestrian Movement,Trans of A.I.J.,1979,284(36):P101-110.
[7] Helbing,D.,and Molnar,P.,Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics,Physical Review E,1998,51(5):P4282-4286.
[8] Algadhi,S.H.,and Mahmassani,H.,Simulation of Crowd Behavior and Movement:Fundamental Relations and Application ,Transportation Research Record,1991,1320:P260-268.
[9] Daamen,W.,SimPed:a Pedestrian Simulation Tool for Large Pedestrian Areas,Conference Proceedings EuroSIW,2002,24-26.
[10] Daamen,W.,and Hoogendoom,S.P.,Experimental Research on Pedestrian Walking Behavior , 82th Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[11] Hoogendoom,S.P.,Microscopic simulation of Pedestrian Flows,Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[12] Hoogendoom,S.P.,Wayfinding Under Uncertainty in Continuous Time and Space by Dynamic Programming,Proceedings of the 13thMini-EURO Conference “Handling Uncertainty in the Analysis of Traffic and Transportation Systems”,2002,P71-76.
[13] Hoogendoom , S.P.and Daamen , W. , Extracting Microscopic Pedestrian Characteristics from Video Data,82th Annual Meeting at the Transportation Research Board,2003,Proceeding on CD-Rom.
[14] Biham,O.,Middletom,A.A.,and Levine,D.A.,Self-Organization and a Dynamical Transition in Traffic Flow Models,Physical Review E,1992,46:PR6124-R6127.
[15] Fukui,M.,Ishibashi,Y.,Traffic Flow in ID Cellular Automation Model Including Cars Moving with High Speed,Phys.Soc.jpn,1998,65(5):P1868-1870.
[16] Graham,T.L.,Qualitative Overview of Some Important Factors Affecting the Egress of People in the Hotel Fires,Hospital Management,2000,P19-79.
[17] Muramatsu,M.,and Nagatani,T.,Jamming Transition in Two-Dimensional Pedestrian Traffic , Physica A , 2000 ,275:P281-291.
[18] 方伟峰,杨立中等,基于元胞自动机的多自主体人员行为模型及其在性能化设计中的应用, 中国工程科学,2003,5(3):P67-71.
[19] 张培红、黄晓燕等,基于智能体技术的人员群集流动动力学模型, 沈阳建筑大学学报,2005,121(4):P358-362.
[20] 李得伟,韩宝明等,基于多智能体的交通枢纽微观仿真研究, 都市快轨交通,2006,19(5):P48-51.
[21] 张成才、孙喜梅、朱陶业,AutoCAD的DXF文件格式及其转换接口研究, 微型电脑应用,2001年第17卷第8期,P54.
[22] 杨 帆、杨克俭、王玉华、艾虹虹,3DS 文件格式与自定义文件格式的转换,交通与计算机,2004年第3期,P101-104.
[23] 孙熊熊,OpenGL 在交通仿真系统中的应用与研究,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007,P9-10.
[24] GrapeCity,白话面向智能体编程(Agent Oriented Programmig, AOP),GCDN,2005.6.
[25] 贾洪飞、 司银霞、唐明, 基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息加工模式研究, 中国安全科学学报, 2006.1.
[26] S.P. Hoogendoorn、P.H.L. Bovy, Pedestrian route-choice and activity scheduling theory and models , Transportation Research Part B 38 ,2004, P169-190.
[27] Hirtle、 S. C. and J. Hudson , Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge for Routes. Journal of Environmental Psycholog , 1991,P335-345.
[28] 唐明,基于 MAS 的大型客运枢纽仿真系统框架研究,2007.