城市轨道交通枢纽区域公交客流疏解组织优化与设计方法
|
摘要
随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的不断加速,交通需求迅速增加,导致城市交通压力极速增大。如今中国城市轨道交通建设进入了快速发展阶段,建设速度大大超过前30年；“十二五”期间,城市轨道交通线路将增加至3500km;预计未来10年,中国城市轨道交通建设投资有望超过3万亿元,至2020年规划线路将达6100km。然而,随着城市轨道交通的建设与发展,城市轨道交通周边区域尤其是枢纽区域的交通问题日渐突出。该区域具有极大的集散效应,而由于规划、设计及管理方法的不到位,导致该区域客流的疏解效率较为低下,因此该区域已经成为城市交通发展的瓶颈,严重制约着城市经济活动的效率与质量。本论文立足于我国城市轨道交通发展的实际需求,系统分析城市轨道交通枢纽区域范围内交通特性,阐述其交通拥堵的机理,研究完善枢纽区域客流组织优化设计方法的理论体系,深入探讨和研究提高客流疏解效率的优化模型和方法,并结合实际提出一套对城市轨道交通枢纽区域客流疏解进行优化的理论方法与改善措施,希望能够有效缓解城市轨道交通枢纽区域存在的交通问题,保障居民的出行效率,从而达到城市交通的可持续发展的目的。
城市轨道交通枢纽客流组织优化与设计问题复杂,需要对其区域的范围进行界定,并在界定范围进行交通特性分析、城市轨道交通换乘、公交客流组织优化,以及衔接设计等方面进行深入研究。因此,本论文针对城市轨道交通枢纽区域的客流组织优化与设计,着重从以下四个方面进行了分析与研究：
(1)基于交通影响的基本特性,提出城市轨道交通枢纽区域的概念,并运用经典的城市“断裂点”理论,构建城市轨道交通枢纽区域影响范围界定的模型与方法；随后以大连市三个典型的轨道交通枢纽为例,对轨道交通枢纽区域界定模型进行实证研究。
(2)针对城市轨道交通枢纽区域的客流换乘特性、疏解特性以及换乘方式的选择等几方面进行交通调查与分析；随后结合城市轨道交通枢纽的客流调查数据进行统计分析,并总结相应规律,构建客流换乘方式选择模型；最后结合客流特性分析总结轨道交通枢纽区域交通拥堵机理及客流疏解机理,并结合机理的研究与分析,提出轨道交通枢纽区域客流疏解优化内容与方案。
(3)基于乘客滞留时间最短的原则,构建枢纽区域的公共交通换乘优化模型,并将模型进行演化与推广,以大连轻轨三号线火车站枢纽区域为例进行实证研究。
(4)基于公共交通优先发展的策略,研究城市轨道交通枢纽区域的公交站点优化设计及基于公交优先的信号配时设计理论与方法；结合城市轨道交通枢纽区域内常规公共交通与小汽车之间的竞争关系,分析了它们之间的相互转移关系,并计算出它们间的合理分担率。
With the rapid development of economic and urbanization process, urban traffic demand increasing dramatically at present, resulting in serious traffic problems. Currently the construction of urban rail transit is much faster than that of three decades ago, targeting3,500km during "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. In the coming ten years, investments on urban rail transit are hopeful to exceed three thousand billion, and aiming at6,100km planning course at2020. Nevertheless, traffic problems which are aroused by the construction and development of urban rail transit are increasingly impacted at perimeter areas of urban rail transit, particularly surrounding transit terminals. The primary function of transit terminal is facilitating passengers transfer between differential modes; therefore, significant aggregative effect exists within the terminal area. However, the evacuation efficiency of the terminal area is usually let down by the inadequate planning, design and management, which makes it the bottleneck of urban traffic development, consequently restricting the efficiency and quality of urban economic activities. Based on the actual development demands of urban rail transit, in this dissertation the author described the traffic congestion mechanism, improved the theoretical structure for designing and optimizing passenger evacuation within the terminal area. Then, thorough studies and discussions were carried out to establish an optimization model for improving passenger evacuation efficiency, and accordingly a suite of optimization theory and improving procedure was proposed. The purposes of the proposed theory aim to relieve traffic congestion and transfer problems within urban rail transit areas, to improve the efficiency of passenger trips, and eventually facilitate the sustainable development of urban transport.
However, the study of passenger evacuation of urban rail transit areas is a complex systematic engineering, which requires identifying the boundary of study area at the beginning of the study. Within the identified boundary, further researches on the following aspects are needed:traffic characteristics analysis; transfer from rail transit to buses/others; transit passenger flow organization etc. Therefore, aiming at optimization of passenger flow organization and design within urban rail transit terminal area, in this study, literatures pertaining to the above topics were reviewed and discussed at first, then conducted analysis and research on the following four aspects:
(1) The concept of "Urban Rail Transit Terminal Area" was proposed based on the basic characteristics of traffic impact analysis. In accordance with classical urban "breaking point" theory, a model aims to identifying the impact boundary of urban rail transit Terminal was developed. After then, railway station terminal area of Dalian LRT line No.3was chosen as the case study to test and verify the accuracy of the model.
(2) Traffic investigation and analysis aimed at passenger transfer, evacuation, and transfer mode split characteristics in Terminal areas. A passenger transfer mode choice model was proposed in accordance with the statistical analysis of investigated passenger data. Finally, traffic congestion mechanism and passenger evacuation mechanism within transit terminal area was summarized according to the analysis of passenger characteristics, and accordingly proposed the optimization scheme for passenger evacuation within terminal area.
(3) A public transport transfer optimization model was developed based on the principle of minimum passenger demurrage time. This model was verified at railway station Terminal area of Dalian LRT line No.3.
(4) On the basis of public transport priority policies, optimization of bus stations and bus signal priorities at intersections were studied. Besides, in accordance with the interaction between public and private transport, the modal shift relationship between car users and buses was analyzed, according to which determined a rational mode split proportion of public transport and cars within the Terminal areas.
城市轨道交通枢纽客流组织优化与设计问题复杂,需要对其区域的范围进行界定,并在界定范围进行交通特性分析、城市轨道交通换乘、公交客流组织优化,以及衔接设计等方面进行深入研究。因此,本论文针对城市轨道交通枢纽区域的客流组织优化与设计,着重从以下四个方面进行了分析与研究：
(1)基于交通影响的基本特性,提出城市轨道交通枢纽区域的概念,并运用经典的城市“断裂点”理论,构建城市轨道交通枢纽区域影响范围界定的模型与方法；随后以大连市三个典型的轨道交通枢纽为例,对轨道交通枢纽区域界定模型进行实证研究。
(2)针对城市轨道交通枢纽区域的客流换乘特性、疏解特性以及换乘方式的选择等几方面进行交通调查与分析；随后结合城市轨道交通枢纽的客流调查数据进行统计分析,并总结相应规律,构建客流换乘方式选择模型；最后结合客流特性分析总结轨道交通枢纽区域交通拥堵机理及客流疏解机理,并结合机理的研究与分析,提出轨道交通枢纽区域客流疏解优化内容与方案。
(3)基于乘客滞留时间最短的原则,构建枢纽区域的公共交通换乘优化模型,并将模型进行演化与推广,以大连轻轨三号线火车站枢纽区域为例进行实证研究。
(4)基于公共交通优先发展的策略,研究城市轨道交通枢纽区域的公交站点优化设计及基于公交优先的信号配时设计理论与方法；结合城市轨道交通枢纽区域内常规公共交通与小汽车之间的竞争关系,分析了它们之间的相互转移关系,并计算出它们间的合理分担率。
With the rapid development of economic and urbanization process, urban traffic demand increasing dramatically at present, resulting in serious traffic problems. Currently the construction of urban rail transit is much faster than that of three decades ago, targeting3,500km during "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. In the coming ten years, investments on urban rail transit are hopeful to exceed three thousand billion, and aiming at6,100km planning course at2020. Nevertheless, traffic problems which are aroused by the construction and development of urban rail transit are increasingly impacted at perimeter areas of urban rail transit, particularly surrounding transit terminals. The primary function of transit terminal is facilitating passengers transfer between differential modes; therefore, significant aggregative effect exists within the terminal area. However, the evacuation efficiency of the terminal area is usually let down by the inadequate planning, design and management, which makes it the bottleneck of urban traffic development, consequently restricting the efficiency and quality of urban economic activities. Based on the actual development demands of urban rail transit, in this dissertation the author described the traffic congestion mechanism, improved the theoretical structure for designing and optimizing passenger evacuation within the terminal area. Then, thorough studies and discussions were carried out to establish an optimization model for improving passenger evacuation efficiency, and accordingly a suite of optimization theory and improving procedure was proposed. The purposes of the proposed theory aim to relieve traffic congestion and transfer problems within urban rail transit areas, to improve the efficiency of passenger trips, and eventually facilitate the sustainable development of urban transport.
However, the study of passenger evacuation of urban rail transit areas is a complex systematic engineering, which requires identifying the boundary of study area at the beginning of the study. Within the identified boundary, further researches on the following aspects are needed:traffic characteristics analysis; transfer from rail transit to buses/others; transit passenger flow organization etc. Therefore, aiming at optimization of passenger flow organization and design within urban rail transit terminal area, in this study, literatures pertaining to the above topics were reviewed and discussed at first, then conducted analysis and research on the following four aspects:
(1) The concept of "Urban Rail Transit Terminal Area" was proposed based on the basic characteristics of traffic impact analysis. In accordance with classical urban "breaking point" theory, a model aims to identifying the impact boundary of urban rail transit Terminal was developed. After then, railway station terminal area of Dalian LRT line No.3was chosen as the case study to test and verify the accuracy of the model.
(2) Traffic investigation and analysis aimed at passenger transfer, evacuation, and transfer mode split characteristics in Terminal areas. A passenger transfer mode choice model was proposed in accordance with the statistical analysis of investigated passenger data. Finally, traffic congestion mechanism and passenger evacuation mechanism within transit terminal area was summarized according to the analysis of passenger characteristics, and accordingly proposed the optimization scheme for passenger evacuation within terminal area.
(3) A public transport transfer optimization model was developed based on the principle of minimum passenger demurrage time. This model was verified at railway station Terminal area of Dalian LRT line No.3.
(4) On the basis of public transport priority policies, optimization of bus stations and bus signal priorities at intersections were studied. Besides, in accordance with the interaction between public and private transport, the modal shift relationship between car users and buses was analyzed, according to which determined a rational mode split proportion of public transport and cars within the Terminal areas.
引文
[1]顾岷.我国城市轨道交通发展现状与展望[J].中国铁路,2011.11.
[2]褚晓亮,宗巍,姚湜.城市轨道交通发展的机遇和挑战[J].中外企业文化,2011.8.
[3]Engineers TTPCotIoT. A Summary of a Proposed Recommended Practice:Traffic Access and Impact Studies for Site Development[J]. ITE Journal,1988:12-14.
[4]ICommittee ITC. Guidelines for Transportation ImPact Accessment of ProPosed New DeveloPment [M]. ITEJoumal.1988:39-41.
[5]Z.Luh J. Traffic progress Assessment in Traffic Impact Studies[J]. ITE Journal,1991,5: 17-21.
[6]Section II. A Guideline for Local Officials.Traffic Impact/Access Studies [M]//JOUMAL I. 1992:44-45.
[7]Dey SS, Fricker JD. Traffic impact analysis and impact fees in state departments of transportation[J]. ITE Journal,1994,64(5).
[8]龙科军,郑健龙,朱得志,et al城市立体交叉交通影响范围研究[J].中外公路,2006,(01)：9-13.
[9]马荣国,唐正锋,梁国华.交通影响分析影响范围的确定[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2006,(03)：65-68.
[10]时晓伟,宋永发.城市轨道交通影响范围及服务价值研究[J].工程管理学报,2011,(05)：517-521.
[11]杨小龙,易陵.多项目交通影响范围的确定方法[J].公路,2011,(06)：128-131.
[12]钱军,袁春岭,杨路路.交通影响范围确定方法比较[J].交通科技与经济,2012,(01)：45-48.
[13]Bates J. Econometric issues in stated preference analysis[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,1988:59-69.
[14]王丽,刘小明,任福田.确定交通影响范围的烟羽模型法[J].中国公路学报,2001,(04)：101-103+118.
[15]裴玉龙,王晓宁.建设项目交通影响范围确定方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,(03)：82-84.
[16]熊琦,刘小明,王丽.交通影响分析中基于时间的交通影响范围量化方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2004,(11)：78-81.
[17]胡列格,肖海波,李利华.交通影响范围确定方法研究[J].山东交通科技,2005,(01)：20-24.
[18]张小松,胡志晖,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(08)：1118-1121.
[19]蔡蔚,胡志晖,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通开发利益作用机理与影响范围研究[J].铁道学报,2006,(04)：27-31.
[20]邓华生.基于时间的交通影响范围量化方法的研究[J].中外公路,2006,(03)：292-295.
[21]翁志红.交通影响范围确定方法比较研究[J].科技资讯,2006,(19)：148-149.
[22]彭祖明.基于非集计交通影响范围的模型方法研究[D]：重庆大学,2007.
[23]宋微.交通影响范围界定理论与方法研究[D]：大连交通大学,2008.
[24]Peat, Marwick, Company Ma. A Manual for Planning Pedestrian Facilities[J].1974:10-48.
[25]Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J].2000: 487-490.
[26]Teknomo K, Takeyama Y, Inamura H. Tracking system to automate data collection of microscopic pedestrian traffic flow[J]. Proceedings of the 4th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies Hanoi, Vietnam,2001,3(1):11-25.
[27]Hoogendoorn SP, Daamen W, Bovy PHL. Extracting microscopic pedestrian characteristics from video data:proceedings of,2003 [C].
[28]Zhang Q, Han B, Li D. Modeling and simulation of passenger alighting and boarding movement in Beijing metro stations[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies, 2008,16(5):635-649.
[29]Keegan O, O'Mahony M. Modifying pedestrian behaviour[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2003,37(10):889-901.
[30]Lam WHK, Cheung C-y. Pedestrian Speed/Flow Relationships for Walking Facilities in Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2000,126(4):343-349.
[31]史建港.大型活动行人交通特性研究[D].北京工业大学博士学位论文.2007.3.
[32]金晓琼,韩萍,左忠义,et al大连市西安路商业区行人交通特性分析[J].大连交通大学学报,2008,(02)：27-31.
[33]张宇,黄秋菊.城市道路信号交叉口行人交通特性分析[J].科教文汇(上旬刊),2008,(06)：202.
[34]杨丽丽.综合交通客运枢纽内部行人交通特性研究[D]：吉林大学,2009.
[35]唐明,贾洪飞,杨丽丽.城市轨道交通车站站台行人交通特性[J].城市交通,2010,(04)：47-51.
[36]Gershon RRM. Public transportation:advantages and challenges[J]. Journal of Urban Health,2005,82(1):7-9.
[37]Hickman MD, Wilson NHM. Passenger travel time and path choice implications of real-time transit information[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,1995,3(4): 211-226.
[38]王玉萍,马超群.公共交通特性分析与发展对策研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自 然科学版),2006,(06)：846-850.
[39]刘嫚,张卫华.巴士快速交通(BRT)与轨道交通特性及适用范围的比较[J].交通标准化,2007,(04)：161-164+148.
[40]王会会.综合客运交通枢纽内部客流拥堵机理研究[D]：北京交通大学,2011.
[41]Daamen W, Bovy PHL, Hoogendoorn SP, et al. Passenger route choice concerning level changes in railway stations:proceedings of,2005[C].
[42]Kuah GK, Perl J. Optimization of Feeder Bus Routes and Bus-Stop Spacing[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1988,114(3):341-354.
[43]Zhao J, Dessouky M. Service capacity design problems for mobility allowance shuttle transit systems[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2008,42(2):135-146.
[44]Wang J, Chen S, He Y, et al. Simulation of Transfer Organization of Urban Public Transportation Hubs[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2006,6(6):96-102.
[45]Teng J, Yang X-g. Study on the Optimization of Bus Coordination Holding Control for Transit Hub[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & amp; Practice,2008,28(5):156-163.
[46]黄文娟.轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2004.5.
[47]吴其刚,刘澜.基于信息颗粒的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2008,(11)：21-23+58.
[48]张娟娟.论城市轨道交通换乘方案的选择[J].中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊),2011,(09)：98.
[49]张铭,吴彦颖.城市轨道交通换乘枢纽运营协调效率评价[J].都市快轨交通,2009,(05)：24-27+31.
[50]Verma A, Dhingra SL. Feeder Bus Routes Generation within Integrated Mass Transit Planning Framework[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2005,131(11):822-834.
[51]Shrivastav P, Dhingra SL. Development of Feeder Routes for Suburban Railway Stations Using Heuristic Approach[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2011:334-341.
[52]Daganzo CF, Pilachowski J. Reducing bunching with bus-to-bus cooperation[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2011,45(1):267-277.
[53]Wendler E. The scheduled waiting time on railway lines[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2007,41(2):148-158.
[54]叶晋,史有群,杨学斌,et al遗传算法在轨道交通换乘路径求解问题上的应用[J].电脑与信息技术,2009,(04)：24-27.
[55]黄栋,曹晓航,沙海,et al城市公交换乘模型的优化研究[J].地理信息世界,2009,(05)：45-50.
[56]岳芳,毛保华,陈团生.城市轨道交通接驳方式的选择[J].都市快轨交通,2007,(04)：36-39.
[57]秦观明.城市轨道交通接驳方式选择及客流吸引范围研究[D]：哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.
[58]郭淑霞,陈旭梅,于雷,et al.轨道交通换乘常规公交平均候车时间模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,(02)：143-147.
[59]王飞,何霖,田义海.基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价[J].西部交通科技,2010,(11)：58-63.
[60]任芳.城市常规公交与轨道交通接驳线路优化研究[D]：长沙理工大学,2010.
[61]田辉.城市轨道交通接驳公交的方法及其线路优化[J].今日科苑,2008,(06)：288-289.
[62]杜娟,史有群,苏厚勤,et al.轨道交通换乘路径求解算法及其应用研究[J].微计算机信息,2010,(22)：132-134.
[63]马荣国.城市公共交通系统发展问题研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文.2003.5.
[64]全永桑,孙明正.公交优先理念与实践[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.8.P19-P23.
[65]沈巍.大城市公交优先发展战略研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文.2006.3.
[66]秦利芸.城市公共交通系统优先通行技术及评价研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文.2007.5.
[67]郭娟.我国城市公共交通优先发展战略研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2008.5.
[68]Kevin Gardne et al. The Benefits of Bus Priority Within the Central London Congestion Charging Zone [R]. Association for European Transport and contributors.2006.
[69]Fernandez R, Tyler N. Effect of Passenger-Bus-Traffic Interactions on Bus Stop Operations[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology,2005,28(4):273-292.
[70]Chien* SI, Qin Z. Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology,2004,27(3):211-227.
[71]Hounsell, N.B., Shrestha, B.P. and Wong, A. (2012) Data management and applications in a world-leading bus fleet. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,22,76-87.
[72]李云,黄正东.基于UML构建多层次公交站点模型[J].交通与计算机,2006,(06)：13-17.
[73]姜镇,刘灿齐.信号交叉口出口道公交站点仿真设置[J].交通科技与经济,2010,(06)：32-34.
[74]葛宏伟,王炜,陈学武.信号交叉口上游公交站点实际停靠延误模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,(12)：2062-2067.
[75]龙科军,罗湘武,刘勇.近交叉口公交站点的公交优先控制策略[J].长沙交通学院学报,2008,(04)：52-57.
[76]许启冬.基于全局最优化理论的公交站点布设模型[J].交通科技与经济,2008,(01)：91-93.
[77]Skabardonis, A. (1998) Control strategies for transit priority. California PATH Report. UCB-ITS-PRR-98-2.
[78]Head, L., Gettman, D., Wei, Z.P. (2006) Decision model for priority control of traffic signals. Journal of Transportation Research Record, No.1978,169-177.
[79]Balke K., Dudek C., Urbanik T. (2000) Development and evaluation of intelligent bus priority concept. Journal Transportation Research Record, No.1727,12-19.
[80]Dion, F., Hellinga, B. (2002) A rule-based real-time traffic responsive signal control system with transit priority:Application to an isolated intersection. Transportation Research Part B, 36(4),325-343
[81]Wu J, Hounsell N. Bus Priority Using pre-signals[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,1998,32(8):563-583.
[82]张卫华,陆化普.公交优先的预信号控制交叉口车辆延误分析[J].中国公路学报.2005.10.
[83]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP, Head JR, et al. The way ahead for London's bus priority at traffic signals[J]. Intelligent Transport Systems, IET,2008,2(3):193-200.
[84]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP. AVL based Bus Priority at Traffic Signals:A Review of Architectures and Case Study of Architectures[J]. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research,2005:13-29.
[85]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP. A new strategy for differential bus priority at traffic signals for high frequency services[J].16th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services,2009:21-25.
[86]杨晓光,林瑜,杭明升.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J].中国公路学报.2001.12.pp.101-104.
[87]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报.2001.6.pp.176-180.
[88]季彦婕,邓卫,王炜,张卫华.基于公交优先通行的交叉口相位设计方法研究[J].公路交通科技.2004.12.pp.118-122.
[89]张卫华,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口延误计算与配时优化方法[J].华中科技大学学报.2004.12.pp.30-33.
[90]陈光勤.快速公交车辆平面交叉口信号优先实现方法[J].同济大学学报.2006.1.pp.41-46.
[91]马万经,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优先控制方法[J].中国公路学报.2007.5.
[92]冯岩,裴玉龙,曹成海VISSIM在公交优先信号配时中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,(01)：137-141.
[93]肖业伟,黄辉先,王宸昊.基于蚁群算法的交叉路口多相位信号配时优化[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,(19)：241-244.
[94]徐洪峰,李克平,郑明明.基于逻辑规则的单点公交优先控制策略.中国公路学 报.2008.9.
[95]Xu, H.F., and Zheng, M.M. Impact of Phase Scheme on Development and Performance of a Logic Rule-based Bus Rapid Transit Signal Priority. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2009, 135(12):953-965.
[96]李凤.公交信号优先协调控制理论与方法研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文.2009.5.
[97]Zheng X, Cheng Y. Conflict game in evacuation process:A study combining Cellular Automata model[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2011,390(6):1042-1050.
[98]Chiu Y-C, Zhou L, Song H. Development and calibration of the Anisotropic Mesoscopic Simulation model for uninterrupted flow facilities[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,2010,44(1):152-174.
[99]Antonini G, Bierlaire M, Weber M. Discrete choice models of pedestrian walking behavior[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2006,40(8):667-687.
[100]Tissera PC, Printista M, Errecalde ML. Evacuation Simulations using Cellular Automata[J]. JCS&T,2007:14-20.
[101]So SK, Daganzo CF. Managing evacuation routes[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,2010,44(4):514-520.
[102]Parisi DR, Dorso CO. Microscopic dynamics of pedestrian evacuation[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2005,354(0):606-618.
[103]Zheng X, Zhong T, Liu M. Modeling crowd evacuation of a building based on seven methodological approaches[J]. Building and Environment,2009,44(3):437-445.
[104]Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, et al. Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2001,295(3-4):507-525.
[105]Aved A, Ai Hua H, Hua KA, et al. A Mobile Computing Approach to Automatic Traffic Evacuation Management:proceedings of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,2006 ITSC'06 IEEE,2006[C].
[106]Sheffi Y, Mahmassani H, Powell WB. A transportation network evacuation model[J]. Transportation Research Part A:General,1982,16(3):209-218.
[107]Hobeika AG, Changkyun K. Comparison of traffic assignments in evacuation modeling[J]. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on,1998,45(2):192-198.
[108]Hamza-Lup GL, Hua KA, Aved AJ. Exit-Point Based Approaches for Real-Time Traffic Evacuation Management:proceedings of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,2006 ITSC' 06 IEEE,2006[C].
[109]Georgiana L. Hamza-Lup KAH, Minh Le aRP. Dynamic Plan Generation and Real-Time Management Techniques for Traffic Evacuation[J]. IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems,2008,9:615-624.
[110]Liu HX, Ban JX, Ma W, et al. Model Reference Adaptive Control Framework for Real-Time Traffic Management under Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2007,133(1):43-50.
[111]Chiu Y-C, Zheng H, Villalobos J, et al. Modeling no-notice mass evacuation using a dynamic traffic flow optimization model[J]. IIE Transactions,2007,39(1):83-94.
[112]Chen M, Chen L, Miller-Hooks E. Traffic Signal Timing for Urban Evacuation[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2007,133(1):30-42.
[113]Liu Y, Lai X, Chang G-L. Two-Level Integrated Optimization System for Planning of Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2006,132(10):800-807.
[114]章辉.大型活动交通需求预测和疏散方案研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007.4.
[115]胡华磊.大型活动突发事件公交应急调度的研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2008.5.
[116]杨帆.大型活动突发事件下紧急疏散的动态交通流建模与仿真[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2009.11.
[117]杨晶.城市大型活动应急交通疏散对策研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.20011.11.
[118]郑祖武等.现代城市交通[M].北京；人民交通出版社.1998：1-6.
[119]刘灿齐.现代交通规划学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[120]郭志勇.城市轨道交通枢纽换乘协调研究[D],2001.
[121]陆锡明.大都市一体化交通[J].城市公用事业,2006,(01)：13-18+45.
[122]王有为.城市公共交通枢纽规划研究[D]：西安建筑科技大学,2001.
[123]R OA, R dN. Passenger terminal design[J]. Transportation Research,1992.
[124]吴明伟,孔令龙,陈联.城市中心区规划[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1999.
[125]周伟,李卫东.大型商业建设项目交通影响范围确定方法研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,(04)：61-68.
[126]Florida. Department of Transportation [M]. Tallahassee; Site ImPact Handbook.1997.
[127]许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1998：128-129
[128]黄娜.大都市区范围界定方法及其应用[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005：56-57
[129]左忠义,邵春福,金晓琼.基于ISM的交通运输系统结构优化分析[J].大连交通大学学报,2009.02
[130]Zuo Zhongyi, Shao Chunfu. Analysis and Optimization of Transportation system in Dalian, International Conference on Transportation Engineering, July,2009:4416-4421.
[131]左忠义,邵春福.城市公交优先发展政策研究[J].综合运输,2012.4
[132]龙东方,史峰,王英姿.基于道路负荷与公平性的单向交通组织优化[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010.12.,pp.109-114.
[133]龙东方.城市道路单向交通组织优化[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2010.11.
[134]王国晓,杨涛,陆原,郭晟.城市中心地区单向交通系统研究[J].城市交通,2006.9.pp.50-54.
[135]严新平,吕能超,刘正林,徐堃.大型活动后车道单行优化的双层规划[J].西南交通大学学报,2009.2.pp.112-117.
[136]宫晓燕,王飞跃,李润梅.城市单行交通的分析、设置和评价方法的探讨[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005.4.,pp.85-89.
[137]朱桃丽.城市道路单向交通设计研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2007.5.
[138]裴玉龙,伊新苗.城市单向交通组织方案规划及其评价研究[J].东北公路,2003.3.,pp.118-120.
[139]张宇飞.城市单向交通组织的发展和特点[J].中国市政工程,2003.5.pp.5-7.
[140]马俊来,王炜,边扬.单相交通条件下信号交叉口通行能力计算方法[J].公路交通科技.2005.4.
[141]杨佩昆,吴兵.交通管理与控制(第二版)[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2007.1.
[142]Zhongyi Zuo, Guangchuan Yang. Design and Application of One-way Traffic Coordinated Signal Control System. The 2010 International Conference on Information, Electronic and Computer Science, pp.982-985.
[143]肖志国,李杰,张正亚.单向交通条件下的公交优先适应性分析[J].华中科技大学大学学报(城市科学版),2005.5.,pp.159-163.
[144]赵晓磊,董存德.单向交通对公交的影响及对策[J].交通科技与经济,2010.5.pp.4-7.
[145]葛宏伟,王炜,陈学武等.公交站点车辆停靠对信号交叉口进口道交通延误模型[J].东南大学学报,2006,36(6)：1018-1023.
[146]林杨.基于公交优先的交叉口信号控制及仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[147]肖秋生,郭占全,林秉良等.行程时间随交通流量变化规律的研究[J].中国公路学报,1991(3)：41-46.
[148]张卫华,陆化普,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报.2004.9.P49-P53
[149]刘洋.公交优先基本措施和实施方法研究[D].南京林业大学硕士学位论文.2007.6.
[150]张卫华,王炜.基于公交优先通行的交叉口预信号设置方法研究[J].公路交通科技.2004.6.
[151]Zuo Zhongyi, Yang Guangchuan, Shao Chunfu. Design of Signal Timing Optimization Based on the Unsymmetrical Traffic Flow of Signalized Intersections, International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies, August,2010:374-385
[152]左忠义,杨广川,邵春福.基于公交优先的小汽车出行向公交转移模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2012,12(1)：124-130.
[153]黄艳君,陈学武,张卫华.公交专用道设置前后路段交通流模型的比较[J].华中科技 大学学报.2003.12.P68-P70.
[154]王殿海主编.交通流理论[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[155]姜桂艳,李继伟,张春勤.城市主干路路段行程时间估计的BPR修正模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2010,2(1)：124-129.
[2]褚晓亮,宗巍,姚湜.城市轨道交通发展的机遇和挑战[J].中外企业文化,2011.8.
[3]Engineers TTPCotIoT. A Summary of a Proposed Recommended Practice:Traffic Access and Impact Studies for Site Development[J]. ITE Journal,1988:12-14.
[4]ICommittee ITC. Guidelines for Transportation ImPact Accessment of ProPosed New DeveloPment [M]. ITEJoumal.1988:39-41.
[5]Z.Luh J. Traffic progress Assessment in Traffic Impact Studies[J]. ITE Journal,1991,5: 17-21.
[6]Section II. A Guideline for Local Officials.Traffic Impact/Access Studies [M]//JOUMAL I. 1992:44-45.
[7]Dey SS, Fricker JD. Traffic impact analysis and impact fees in state departments of transportation[J]. ITE Journal,1994,64(5).
[8]龙科军,郑健龙,朱得志,et al城市立体交叉交通影响范围研究[J].中外公路,2006,(01)：9-13.
[9]马荣国,唐正锋,梁国华.交通影响分析影响范围的确定[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2006,(03)：65-68.
[10]时晓伟,宋永发.城市轨道交通影响范围及服务价值研究[J].工程管理学报,2011,(05)：517-521.
[11]杨小龙,易陵.多项目交通影响范围的确定方法[J].公路,2011,(06)：128-131.
[12]钱军,袁春岭,杨路路.交通影响范围确定方法比较[J].交通科技与经济,2012,(01)：45-48.
[13]Bates J. Econometric issues in stated preference analysis[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy,1988:59-69.
[14]王丽,刘小明,任福田.确定交通影响范围的烟羽模型法[J].中国公路学报,2001,(04)：101-103+118.
[15]裴玉龙,王晓宁.建设项目交通影响范围确定方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,(03)：82-84.
[16]熊琦,刘小明,王丽.交通影响分析中基于时间的交通影响范围量化方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2004,(11)：78-81.
[17]胡列格,肖海波,李利华.交通影响范围确定方法研究[J].山东交通科技,2005,(01)：20-24.
[18]张小松,胡志晖,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(08)：1118-1121.
[19]蔡蔚,胡志晖,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通开发利益作用机理与影响范围研究[J].铁道学报,2006,(04)：27-31.
[20]邓华生.基于时间的交通影响范围量化方法的研究[J].中外公路,2006,(03)：292-295.
[21]翁志红.交通影响范围确定方法比较研究[J].科技资讯,2006,(19)：148-149.
[22]彭祖明.基于非集计交通影响范围的模型方法研究[D]：重庆大学,2007.
[23]宋微.交通影响范围界定理论与方法研究[D]：大连交通大学,2008.
[24]Peat, Marwick, Company Ma. A Manual for Planning Pedestrian Facilities[J].1974:10-48.
[25]Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J].2000: 487-490.
[26]Teknomo K, Takeyama Y, Inamura H. Tracking system to automate data collection of microscopic pedestrian traffic flow[J]. Proceedings of the 4th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies Hanoi, Vietnam,2001,3(1):11-25.
[27]Hoogendoorn SP, Daamen W, Bovy PHL. Extracting microscopic pedestrian characteristics from video data:proceedings of,2003 [C].
[28]Zhang Q, Han B, Li D. Modeling and simulation of passenger alighting and boarding movement in Beijing metro stations[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies, 2008,16(5):635-649.
[29]Keegan O, O'Mahony M. Modifying pedestrian behaviour[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2003,37(10):889-901.
[30]Lam WHK, Cheung C-y. Pedestrian Speed/Flow Relationships for Walking Facilities in Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2000,126(4):343-349.
[31]史建港.大型活动行人交通特性研究[D].北京工业大学博士学位论文.2007.3.
[32]金晓琼,韩萍,左忠义,et al大连市西安路商业区行人交通特性分析[J].大连交通大学学报,2008,(02)：27-31.
[33]张宇,黄秋菊.城市道路信号交叉口行人交通特性分析[J].科教文汇(上旬刊),2008,(06)：202.
[34]杨丽丽.综合交通客运枢纽内部行人交通特性研究[D]：吉林大学,2009.
[35]唐明,贾洪飞,杨丽丽.城市轨道交通车站站台行人交通特性[J].城市交通,2010,(04)：47-51.
[36]Gershon RRM. Public transportation:advantages and challenges[J]. Journal of Urban Health,2005,82(1):7-9.
[37]Hickman MD, Wilson NHM. Passenger travel time and path choice implications of real-time transit information[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,1995,3(4): 211-226.
[38]王玉萍,马超群.公共交通特性分析与发展对策研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自 然科学版),2006,(06)：846-850.
[39]刘嫚,张卫华.巴士快速交通(BRT)与轨道交通特性及适用范围的比较[J].交通标准化,2007,(04)：161-164+148.
[40]王会会.综合客运交通枢纽内部客流拥堵机理研究[D]：北京交通大学,2011.
[41]Daamen W, Bovy PHL, Hoogendoorn SP, et al. Passenger route choice concerning level changes in railway stations:proceedings of,2005[C].
[42]Kuah GK, Perl J. Optimization of Feeder Bus Routes and Bus-Stop Spacing[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1988,114(3):341-354.
[43]Zhao J, Dessouky M. Service capacity design problems for mobility allowance shuttle transit systems[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2008,42(2):135-146.
[44]Wang J, Chen S, He Y, et al. Simulation of Transfer Organization of Urban Public Transportation Hubs[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2006,6(6):96-102.
[45]Teng J, Yang X-g. Study on the Optimization of Bus Coordination Holding Control for Transit Hub[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & amp; Practice,2008,28(5):156-163.
[46]黄文娟.轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2004.5.
[47]吴其刚,刘澜.基于信息颗粒的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2008,(11)：21-23+58.
[48]张娟娟.论城市轨道交通换乘方案的选择[J].中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊),2011,(09)：98.
[49]张铭,吴彦颖.城市轨道交通换乘枢纽运营协调效率评价[J].都市快轨交通,2009,(05)：24-27+31.
[50]Verma A, Dhingra SL. Feeder Bus Routes Generation within Integrated Mass Transit Planning Framework[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2005,131(11):822-834.
[51]Shrivastav P, Dhingra SL. Development of Feeder Routes for Suburban Railway Stations Using Heuristic Approach[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2011:334-341.
[52]Daganzo CF, Pilachowski J. Reducing bunching with bus-to-bus cooperation[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2011,45(1):267-277.
[53]Wendler E. The scheduled waiting time on railway lines[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2007,41(2):148-158.
[54]叶晋,史有群,杨学斌,et al遗传算法在轨道交通换乘路径求解问题上的应用[J].电脑与信息技术,2009,(04)：24-27.
[55]黄栋,曹晓航,沙海,et al城市公交换乘模型的优化研究[J].地理信息世界,2009,(05)：45-50.
[56]岳芳,毛保华,陈团生.城市轨道交通接驳方式的选择[J].都市快轨交通,2007,(04)：36-39.
[57]秦观明.城市轨道交通接驳方式选择及客流吸引范围研究[D]：哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.
[58]郭淑霞,陈旭梅,于雷,et al.轨道交通换乘常规公交平均候车时间模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,(02)：143-147.
[59]王飞,何霖,田义海.基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价[J].西部交通科技,2010,(11)：58-63.
[60]任芳.城市常规公交与轨道交通接驳线路优化研究[D]：长沙理工大学,2010.
[61]田辉.城市轨道交通接驳公交的方法及其线路优化[J].今日科苑,2008,(06)：288-289.
[62]杜娟,史有群,苏厚勤,et al.轨道交通换乘路径求解算法及其应用研究[J].微计算机信息,2010,(22)：132-134.
[63]马荣国.城市公共交通系统发展问题研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文.2003.5.
[64]全永桑,孙明正.公交优先理念与实践[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.8.P19-P23.
[65]沈巍.大城市公交优先发展战略研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文.2006.3.
[66]秦利芸.城市公共交通系统优先通行技术及评价研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士论文.2007.5.
[67]郭娟.我国城市公共交通优先发展战略研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2008.5.
[68]Kevin Gardne et al. The Benefits of Bus Priority Within the Central London Congestion Charging Zone [R]. Association for European Transport and contributors.2006.
[69]Fernandez R, Tyler N. Effect of Passenger-Bus-Traffic Interactions on Bus Stop Operations[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology,2005,28(4):273-292.
[70]Chien* SI, Qin Z. Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology,2004,27(3):211-227.
[71]Hounsell, N.B., Shrestha, B.P. and Wong, A. (2012) Data management and applications in a world-leading bus fleet. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,22,76-87.
[72]李云,黄正东.基于UML构建多层次公交站点模型[J].交通与计算机,2006,(06)：13-17.
[73]姜镇,刘灿齐.信号交叉口出口道公交站点仿真设置[J].交通科技与经济,2010,(06)：32-34.
[74]葛宏伟,王炜,陈学武.信号交叉口上游公交站点实际停靠延误模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,(12)：2062-2067.
[75]龙科军,罗湘武,刘勇.近交叉口公交站点的公交优先控制策略[J].长沙交通学院学报,2008,(04)：52-57.
[76]许启冬.基于全局最优化理论的公交站点布设模型[J].交通科技与经济,2008,(01)：91-93.
[77]Skabardonis, A. (1998) Control strategies for transit priority. California PATH Report. UCB-ITS-PRR-98-2.
[78]Head, L., Gettman, D., Wei, Z.P. (2006) Decision model for priority control of traffic signals. Journal of Transportation Research Record, No.1978,169-177.
[79]Balke K., Dudek C., Urbanik T. (2000) Development and evaluation of intelligent bus priority concept. Journal Transportation Research Record, No.1727,12-19.
[80]Dion, F., Hellinga, B. (2002) A rule-based real-time traffic responsive signal control system with transit priority:Application to an isolated intersection. Transportation Research Part B, 36(4),325-343
[81]Wu J, Hounsell N. Bus Priority Using pre-signals[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,1998,32(8):563-583.
[82]张卫华,陆化普.公交优先的预信号控制交叉口车辆延误分析[J].中国公路学报.2005.10.
[83]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP, Head JR, et al. The way ahead for London's bus priority at traffic signals[J]. Intelligent Transport Systems, IET,2008,2(3):193-200.
[84]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP. AVL based Bus Priority at Traffic Signals:A Review of Architectures and Case Study of Architectures[J]. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research,2005:13-29.
[85]Hounsell NB, Shrestha BP. A new strategy for differential bus priority at traffic signals for high frequency services[J].16th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services,2009:21-25.
[86]杨晓光,林瑜,杭明升.信号控制交叉口公共汽车优先信号确定方法研究[J].中国公路学报.2001.12.pp.101-104.
[87]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报.2001.6.pp.176-180.
[88]季彦婕,邓卫,王炜,张卫华.基于公交优先通行的交叉口相位设计方法研究[J].公路交通科技.2004.12.pp.118-122.
[89]张卫华,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口延误计算与配时优化方法[J].华中科技大学学报.2004.12.pp.30-33.
[90]陈光勤.快速公交车辆平面交叉口信号优先实现方法[J].同济大学学报.2006.1.pp.41-46.
[91]马万经,杨晓光.基于时空优化的单点交叉口公交被动优先控制方法[J].中国公路学报.2007.5.
[92]冯岩,裴玉龙,曹成海VISSIM在公交优先信号配时中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,(01)：137-141.
[93]肖业伟,黄辉先,王宸昊.基于蚁群算法的交叉路口多相位信号配时优化[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,(19)：241-244.
[94]徐洪峰,李克平,郑明明.基于逻辑规则的单点公交优先控制策略.中国公路学 报.2008.9.
[95]Xu, H.F., and Zheng, M.M. Impact of Phase Scheme on Development and Performance of a Logic Rule-based Bus Rapid Transit Signal Priority. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2009, 135(12):953-965.
[96]李凤.公交信号优先协调控制理论与方法研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文.2009.5.
[97]Zheng X, Cheng Y. Conflict game in evacuation process:A study combining Cellular Automata model[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2011,390(6):1042-1050.
[98]Chiu Y-C, Zhou L, Song H. Development and calibration of the Anisotropic Mesoscopic Simulation model for uninterrupted flow facilities[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,2010,44(1):152-174.
[99]Antonini G, Bierlaire M, Weber M. Discrete choice models of pedestrian walking behavior[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2006,40(8):667-687.
[100]Tissera PC, Printista M, Errecalde ML. Evacuation Simulations using Cellular Automata[J]. JCS&T,2007:14-20.
[101]So SK, Daganzo CF. Managing evacuation routes[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,2010,44(4):514-520.
[102]Parisi DR, Dorso CO. Microscopic dynamics of pedestrian evacuation[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2005,354(0):606-618.
[103]Zheng X, Zhong T, Liu M. Modeling crowd evacuation of a building based on seven methodological approaches[J]. Building and Environment,2009,44(3):437-445.
[104]Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, et al. Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2001,295(3-4):507-525.
[105]Aved A, Ai Hua H, Hua KA, et al. A Mobile Computing Approach to Automatic Traffic Evacuation Management:proceedings of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,2006 ITSC'06 IEEE,2006[C].
[106]Sheffi Y, Mahmassani H, Powell WB. A transportation network evacuation model[J]. Transportation Research Part A:General,1982,16(3):209-218.
[107]Hobeika AG, Changkyun K. Comparison of traffic assignments in evacuation modeling[J]. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on,1998,45(2):192-198.
[108]Hamza-Lup GL, Hua KA, Aved AJ. Exit-Point Based Approaches for Real-Time Traffic Evacuation Management:proceedings of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference,2006 ITSC' 06 IEEE,2006[C].
[109]Georgiana L. Hamza-Lup KAH, Minh Le aRP. Dynamic Plan Generation and Real-Time Management Techniques for Traffic Evacuation[J]. IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems,2008,9:615-624.
[110]Liu HX, Ban JX, Ma W, et al. Model Reference Adaptive Control Framework for Real-Time Traffic Management under Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2007,133(1):43-50.
[111]Chiu Y-C, Zheng H, Villalobos J, et al. Modeling no-notice mass evacuation using a dynamic traffic flow optimization model[J]. IIE Transactions,2007,39(1):83-94.
[112]Chen M, Chen L, Miller-Hooks E. Traffic Signal Timing for Urban Evacuation[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2007,133(1):30-42.
[113]Liu Y, Lai X, Chang G-L. Two-Level Integrated Optimization System for Planning of Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2006,132(10):800-807.
[114]章辉.大型活动交通需求预测和疏散方案研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007.4.
[115]胡华磊.大型活动突发事件公交应急调度的研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2008.5.
[116]杨帆.大型活动突发事件下紧急疏散的动态交通流建模与仿真[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2009.11.
[117]杨晶.城市大型活动应急交通疏散对策研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.20011.11.
[118]郑祖武等.现代城市交通[M].北京；人民交通出版社.1998：1-6.
[119]刘灿齐.现代交通规划学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[120]郭志勇.城市轨道交通枢纽换乘协调研究[D],2001.
[121]陆锡明.大都市一体化交通[J].城市公用事业,2006,(01)：13-18+45.
[122]王有为.城市公共交通枢纽规划研究[D]：西安建筑科技大学,2001.
[123]R OA, R dN. Passenger terminal design[J]. Transportation Research,1992.
[124]吴明伟,孔令龙,陈联.城市中心区规划[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1999.
[125]周伟,李卫东.大型商业建设项目交通影响范围确定方法研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2003,(04)：61-68.
[126]Florida. Department of Transportation [M]. Tallahassee; Site ImPact Handbook.1997.
[127]许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1998：128-129
[128]黄娜.大都市区范围界定方法及其应用[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005：56-57
[129]左忠义,邵春福,金晓琼.基于ISM的交通运输系统结构优化分析[J].大连交通大学学报,2009.02
[130]Zuo Zhongyi, Shao Chunfu. Analysis and Optimization of Transportation system in Dalian, International Conference on Transportation Engineering, July,2009:4416-4421.
[131]左忠义,邵春福.城市公交优先发展政策研究[J].综合运输,2012.4
[132]龙东方,史峰,王英姿.基于道路负荷与公平性的单向交通组织优化[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010.12.,pp.109-114.
[133]龙东方.城市道路单向交通组织优化[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2010.11.
[134]王国晓,杨涛,陆原,郭晟.城市中心地区单向交通系统研究[J].城市交通,2006.9.pp.50-54.
[135]严新平,吕能超,刘正林,徐堃.大型活动后车道单行优化的双层规划[J].西南交通大学学报,2009.2.pp.112-117.
[136]宫晓燕,王飞跃,李润梅.城市单行交通的分析、设置和评价方法的探讨[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005.4.,pp.85-89.
[137]朱桃丽.城市道路单向交通设计研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2007.5.
[138]裴玉龙,伊新苗.城市单向交通组织方案规划及其评价研究[J].东北公路,2003.3.,pp.118-120.
[139]张宇飞.城市单向交通组织的发展和特点[J].中国市政工程,2003.5.pp.5-7.
[140]马俊来,王炜,边扬.单相交通条件下信号交叉口通行能力计算方法[J].公路交通科技.2005.4.
[141]杨佩昆,吴兵.交通管理与控制(第二版)[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2007.1.
[142]Zhongyi Zuo, Guangchuan Yang. Design and Application of One-way Traffic Coordinated Signal Control System. The 2010 International Conference on Information, Electronic and Computer Science, pp.982-985.
[143]肖志国,李杰,张正亚.单向交通条件下的公交优先适应性分析[J].华中科技大学大学学报(城市科学版),2005.5.,pp.159-163.
[144]赵晓磊,董存德.单向交通对公交的影响及对策[J].交通科技与经济,2010.5.pp.4-7.
[145]葛宏伟,王炜,陈学武等.公交站点车辆停靠对信号交叉口进口道交通延误模型[J].东南大学学报,2006,36(6)：1018-1023.
[146]林杨.基于公交优先的交叉口信号控制及仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[147]肖秋生,郭占全,林秉良等.行程时间随交通流量变化规律的研究[J].中国公路学报,1991(3)：41-46.
[148]张卫华,陆化普,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报.2004.9.P49-P53
[149]刘洋.公交优先基本措施和实施方法研究[D].南京林业大学硕士学位论文.2007.6.
[150]张卫华,王炜.基于公交优先通行的交叉口预信号设置方法研究[J].公路交通科技.2004.6.
[151]Zuo Zhongyi, Yang Guangchuan, Shao Chunfu. Design of Signal Timing Optimization Based on the Unsymmetrical Traffic Flow of Signalized Intersections, International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies, August,2010:374-385
[152]左忠义,杨广川,邵春福.基于公交优先的小汽车出行向公交转移模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2012,12(1)：124-130.
[153]黄艳君,陈学武,张卫华.公交专用道设置前后路段交通流模型的比较[J].华中科技 大学学报.2003.12.P68-P70.
[154]王殿海主编.交通流理论[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[155]姜桂艳,李继伟,张春勤.城市主干路路段行程时间估计的BPR修正模型[J].西南交通大学学报,2010,2(1)：124-129.