高压断路器在线监测研究
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摘要
高压断路器在电网中起保护与控制作用，当它发生故障或事故时会引起电网事故或扩大事故，造成相当的经济及其它方面的损失。我国目前采用的“到期维修”的计划体制存在严重的不足，如临时性维修不足、维修过剩、盲目维修或因检修不当而引发检修事故。建立在设备运行状态基础上的状态检修是当前最为先进的状态检修制度。因此，对高压断路器进行在线监测研究，具有重要的经济意义和技术意义。
论文先对断路器的在线监测原理进行了研究，详细介绍了断路器的行程——时间特性的测量、断路器电寿命的计算、分(合)闸线圈电流的分析、振动信号的分析方法。并介绍了如何通过相似波形辨识比来进行故障诊断，从而得知断路器的运行状态的方法。
其次，设计了基于TMS320F206的现场数据采集单元。高压断路器在线监测系统硬件分为两层，底层是现场数据采集单元，主要负责数据的采集、处理以及和后台机的通信等等；上层是后台机，主要负责人机界面的显示、打印、故障诊断以及建立高压断路器运行状态数据库等功能。现场数据采集单元通过RS485总线与后台机通信。
最后，设计了现场数据采集单元的软件。
论文完成了高压断路器在线监测系统的部分理论研究，完成了基于TMS320F206的现场数据采集单元的硬件和软件设计、开发的部分工作。
High-voltage circuit breaker is used to control and safeguard electric power equipment in electric power system. When it do not work fine, it will cause electric power accident or other indirect accident. The traditional scheduled maintenance or Time Based Maintenance has some serious defects, such as sub-maintenance, over maintenance and the faults caused by the maintenance itself. Condition Based Maintenance, bing based upon condition monitoring, is the most advanced maintenance program nowdays. So, to carry out on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker has great significance in economy and technology.
In this paper,the theory about on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker is firstly dicussed. How to measure the travel characteristic, calculate expectancy of electrical endurance,analyse coil current and vibration is introduced in detail. How to carry out fault-diagnosis based similarity analysis for high-voltage circuit breaker is introduce in detail too.
Secondly,The hardware for monitoring high-voltage circuit breaker working condition is designed. The hardware is made up of tow parts, one is the unit for data acquisition, which is used to sample data, dispose data with FFT and communicate with the computer, the other is the computer, which is used to display result, and so on.Data acquisition unit and the computer are linked by RS485
Lastly, The software for data-acquistion unit is designed.
The part of the theory about on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker are researched, the part of the design of the hardware and the software are completed.
论文先对断路器的在线监测原理进行了研究，详细介绍了断路器的行程——时间特性的测量、断路器电寿命的计算、分(合)闸线圈电流的分析、振动信号的分析方法。并介绍了如何通过相似波形辨识比来进行故障诊断，从而得知断路器的运行状态的方法。
其次，设计了基于TMS320F206的现场数据采集单元。高压断路器在线监测系统硬件分为两层，底层是现场数据采集单元，主要负责数据的采集、处理以及和后台机的通信等等；上层是后台机，主要负责人机界面的显示、打印、故障诊断以及建立高压断路器运行状态数据库等功能。现场数据采集单元通过RS485总线与后台机通信。
最后，设计了现场数据采集单元的软件。
论文完成了高压断路器在线监测系统的部分理论研究，完成了基于TMS320F206的现场数据采集单元的硬件和软件设计、开发的部分工作。
High-voltage circuit breaker is used to control and safeguard electric power equipment in electric power system. When it do not work fine, it will cause electric power accident or other indirect accident. The traditional scheduled maintenance or Time Based Maintenance has some serious defects, such as sub-maintenance, over maintenance and the faults caused by the maintenance itself. Condition Based Maintenance, bing based upon condition monitoring, is the most advanced maintenance program nowdays. So, to carry out on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker has great significance in economy and technology.
In this paper,the theory about on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker is firstly dicussed. How to measure the travel characteristic, calculate expectancy of electrical endurance,analyse coil current and vibration is introduced in detail. How to carry out fault-diagnosis based similarity analysis for high-voltage circuit breaker is introduce in detail too.
Secondly,The hardware for monitoring high-voltage circuit breaker working condition is designed. The hardware is made up of tow parts, one is the unit for data acquisition, which is used to sample data, dispose data with FFT and communicate with the computer, the other is the computer, which is used to display result, and so on.Data acquisition unit and the computer are linked by RS485
Lastly, The software for data-acquistion unit is designed.
The part of the theory about on-line working condition monitoring research for high-voltage circuit breaker are researched, the part of the design of the hardware and the software are completed.
引文
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[46] A.L.J.Janssen et al.Diagnostic techniques for high volt-age circuit -breakers and their application,Diagnostic and Maintenance Techniques,CIGRE Symp,1993,paper no.120-07
[47] P.R.Vomard.A simple approach to condition monitoring of circuit breakers,CIGRE 1994,paper no.13-203
[48] M.Runde et al.Vibration analysis for diagnostic testing of circuitbreakers,IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, vol.11,1996,p1816-1823
[49] M.Runde et al.Acoustic diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers, IEEE Trans on Power, Delivery, vol. 7,1992,p 1306-1315
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[52] 王章启等．关于高压断路器状态检修中累计报警参数推荐值．高压电器．No．3，1996，p24-28
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[4] 黄益庄．变电站综合自动化技术．中国电力出版社．2000．3
[5] 陈化钢，潘金銮，吴跃华．高低压开关电器故障诊断与处理．中国水利水电出版社．2000．12
[6] 刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．华中理工大学出版社．2000．4
[7] 李刚，林凌，叶文字．TMS320F206 DSP结构、原理及应用．北京航天航空大学出版社．2002．5
[8] 张雄伟，陈亮，徐光亮．DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用．第三版．电子工业出版社．2003．2
[9] 苑舜．高压开关设备状态监测与诊断技术．机械工业出版社．2001．1
[10] 王晓明．电动机的单片机控制．北京航天航空大学出版社．2002．5
[11] 张安华．机电设备状态监测与故障诊断技术．西北工业大学出版社．1995．3
[12] 曾繁泰．VHDL程序设计．清华大学出版社．2001．1
[13] 徐金梧，杨德斌，徐科．TURBOC C 实用大全．机械工业出版社．1996．5
[14] 殷福亮，宋爱军．数字信号处理 C 语言程序集．辽宁科学出版社．1997．7
[15] 翁国庆．一种新型配电所自动化系统的研究．西南交通大学研究生学位论文．2003．5
[16] 徐建峰，黄瑜珑，徐国政．高压断路器行程特性监测方法的研究．高压电器．p10-13，Vol．37，NO．1，Feb．2001．
[17] 郭贤珊，王章启．高压断路器触头电寿命预测的研究．高电压技术．p43-44，Vol．25，No．3，Sep．1999
[18] 郑晓斌，胡晓光，孙来军．基于单片机的高压断路器机械状态在线监测数据采集系统．电气自动化．p33-34，Vol．24，No．8，2002
[19] 张永伟，尹相根，李彦武，胡文平，王志华．FPGA在断路器在线监测数据采集系统中的应用．电力自动化设备．p34-36，Vol．23，No．4，Apr．2003
[20] 郭贤珊，李仲夫，陈轩恕．断路器操动机构在线监测参数的选择．高压电器．p24-26，Vol．38，No．1，Feb．2002
[21] 索南加乐，宋国兵，晁勤．高压断路器跳合闸线圈保护原理．继电器．p27-29，Vol．30，No．3，Mar．2002
[22] 任志远．分布式高压断路器电寿命状态监测系统的研究．华北电力大学研究生学位论文．2000．5
[23] 李艳艳．断路器状态监测．大连理工大学工程硕士学位论文．2002．9
[24] 熊小伏．高压断路器综合监控系统的研究．重庆大学研究生学位论文．2002．9
[25] TMS320C2x User's Guide.Texas Instruments,1992
[26] Simultaneous-sampling 14-bit DAS MAX125's DATA Book.MAXIM Company, 1998
[27] TMS320F20xF24x DSP Embedded Flash Memory Technical Refe -rence.Texas Instruments,1993
[28] Code Composer User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 1999
[29] 易先清，莫松海，喻晓峰．微型计算机原理与应用．电子工业出版社．2001．1
[30] 申敏，邓矣兵，郑建宏，刘栋．DSP 原理及其在移动通信中的应用．人民邮电出版社．2001．9
[31] Liu Wei-zhong and Liu Huai-dong. AN ON-LINE WORKING C ON-DITION MONITORING AND FAULT ALARM SYSTEM FO-
R HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.IEE 2nd International Conference on Ad-vances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Dec.1993,Hong Kong, p659-699
[32] 陈爱第．Protel 99 实用培训教程．人民邮电出版社．2000．7
[33] 徐英雷．基于单片机的机车试验设备数据采集器的研究．西南交通大学研究生学位论文．2002．5
[34] 陈向阳，佟为民，杨贺见，袁瑞铭，徐会明．分布式高压断路器状态在线监测系统．继电器．Vol．26，No．4，p39-41，Jul．1998
[35] 王伯雄．测试技术基础．清华大学出版社．2003．4
[36] 戴明桢．数字信号处理的硬件实现．航空工业出版社．1998
[37] 沈兰荪．智能化仪器与信号处理技术．科学出版社．1990
[38] Anton F P Van Putten．电子测量系统——理论与实践．张伦译 2000．11
[39] Pieter H.Schavemaker and Lo.u van der Sluis.Digital Test-ing of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers.p52-56,IEEE Computer Application in Power, Apr.2000
[40] C.Sweetser, W.J.Bergman,G.Montillet.Strategies for Selec-ting Moni toring.of Circuit Breakers.p742-746,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, Vol. 17,No.3,Jul.2002
[41] Charles R.Heising.Worldwide Reliability Survey of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers.IEEE Industry Application Magaz-ine,p65-66, May/June 1996
[42] M.L.Lai,C.C.lin.MECHANICAL FAILURE DETECTION OF CIR- CUIT BREAKERS. IEEE Transactions on power.Delivery, Vol.3,No. 4,October 1998,p1724-1731
[43] M.Kezunovic and C.Nail. Automated Circuit Breaker Monitoring and Analysis.IEEE,2002,p559-564
[44] G.Mazza and R.Michaca,The first international enquiry on circuit
-breaker failures and defects in service,Elektra,no.79,1981,p21-91
[45] Final Report of the Second International Enquiry on High Voltag e Circuit-Breaker Failures and Defects in Service,CIGRE report no. 83,1994
[46] A.L.J.Janssen et al.Diagnostic techniques for high volt-age circuit -breakers and their application,Diagnostic and Maintenance Techniques,CIGRE Symp,1993,paper no.120-07
[47] P.R.Vomard.A simple approach to condition monitoring of circuit breakers,CIGRE 1994,paper no.13-203
[48] M.Runde et al.Vibration analysis for diagnostic testing of circuitbreakers,IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, vol.11,1996,p1816-1823
[49] M.Runde et al.Acoustic diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers, IEEE Trans on Power, Delivery, vol. 7,1992,p 1306-1315
[50] 陈进．机械设备振动监测与故障诊断．上海交通大学．1999．4
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