智能小区建筑电气工程设计与实践
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摘要
近年来随着科技的发展及人民生活水平的不断提高,越来越多的智能小区不断涌现,这些小区的特点是功能复杂、技术先进,因此对小区建筑的电气设计也提出了更加高的要求。
本文的选题来自于工程设计实践,所设计工程为位于德阳市的一个智能小区。本文的电气设计根据该工程的实际特点,结合国内外的小区发展情况,研究设计出了一,套经济合理、运行简单、安全可靠的电气系统。首先是10/0.4kV的供配电设计,通过负荷计算及合理的负荷预测选用性能可靠、经济合理的电气设备,如配电柜、开关设备等；此外作者还将配电系统的自动化运用到小区这个配电层次当中,以往的配电自动化往往用于较大规模的配电网,而作者设计出了有集控中心和远方终端两层结构组成的配电自动化系统,提高了小区的智能化及运行水平。其次设计了火灾报警与消防联动系统,针对小区住宅人员密集、排烟困难、火灾隐患众多的特点,设计出了一套集报警与联动于一体的系统；当发生火灾时,系统能够及时报警,并且能够自动开启喷淋泵、启动排烟风机等一系列措施确保将危害降低到最小。最后设计了综合防雷系统,这个系统的设计不同于传统的地方在于把防雷的防护作为一个系统工程来设计内外防雷相结合,并且特别针对雷电波的电磁干扰防护进行了如加装SPD等特别设计,使防雷装置形成一个系统。
本小区的一期工程已经完成了居民的入住,通过运行发现电气系统运行稳定、无故障发生、各个指标正常,满足了工程设计的要求。
In recent years, with the development of technology and people's living standards continuously improve, more and more intelligent community emerging. These communities are characterized by complex function and advanced design, so the electrical design is put forward higher requirements.
The content of this article come from the practice of engineering design. The design project is an intelligent community and it located in Deyang City. In this paper, the design of this project based on the actual characteristics of the buildings, and learned the newest technologies, I learned so much to design a reasonable, simple, and reliable electrical system. First of all I designed the10/0.4kV power distribution system, through load calculation and reasonable load forecasting we can choose reasonable electrical equipment, such as power distribution cabinets, switch equipment; furthermore I use the automation technology in the distribution system of the community. The power distribution system automation application to plot the distribution levels, the power distribution system is often used for large-scale distribution, but I designed a system that used to the small area, it includes two parts, control center and measurement instrument, which improve intelligence of the community and operation level. And then I designed the fire alarm and fire control linkage system. Because the region is narrow, once the fire occurs then will cause a great loss. So I designed a system that can alarm automatic and at the same time it can control equipment, when the fire occurs, it can control the equipment such as fire pump, exhaust fan, these equipments could be controlled for fire fighting. At last I designed a system of lightning protection, it is different with the traditional technology, because it could protects the buildings completely, and especially against lightning wave electromagnetic interference protection of a special design, the lightning protection device to form a system.
The community of the first phase of the project has been completed by the residents in, through the operation of electrical system, it works stable and no fault occurrence, various indicators was accurate, the result show that is to meet the actual needs.
本文的选题来自于工程设计实践,所设计工程为位于德阳市的一个智能小区。本文的电气设计根据该工程的实际特点,结合国内外的小区发展情况,研究设计出了一,套经济合理、运行简单、安全可靠的电气系统。首先是10/0.4kV的供配电设计,通过负荷计算及合理的负荷预测选用性能可靠、经济合理的电气设备,如配电柜、开关设备等；此外作者还将配电系统的自动化运用到小区这个配电层次当中,以往的配电自动化往往用于较大规模的配电网,而作者设计出了有集控中心和远方终端两层结构组成的配电自动化系统,提高了小区的智能化及运行水平。其次设计了火灾报警与消防联动系统,针对小区住宅人员密集、排烟困难、火灾隐患众多的特点,设计出了一套集报警与联动于一体的系统；当发生火灾时,系统能够及时报警,并且能够自动开启喷淋泵、启动排烟风机等一系列措施确保将危害降低到最小。最后设计了综合防雷系统,这个系统的设计不同于传统的地方在于把防雷的防护作为一个系统工程来设计内外防雷相结合,并且特别针对雷电波的电磁干扰防护进行了如加装SPD等特别设计,使防雷装置形成一个系统。
本小区的一期工程已经完成了居民的入住,通过运行发现电气系统运行稳定、无故障发生、各个指标正常,满足了工程设计的要求。
In recent years, with the development of technology and people's living standards continuously improve, more and more intelligent community emerging. These communities are characterized by complex function and advanced design, so the electrical design is put forward higher requirements.
The content of this article come from the practice of engineering design. The design project is an intelligent community and it located in Deyang City. In this paper, the design of this project based on the actual characteristics of the buildings, and learned the newest technologies, I learned so much to design a reasonable, simple, and reliable electrical system. First of all I designed the10/0.4kV power distribution system, through load calculation and reasonable load forecasting we can choose reasonable electrical equipment, such as power distribution cabinets, switch equipment; furthermore I use the automation technology in the distribution system of the community. The power distribution system automation application to plot the distribution levels, the power distribution system is often used for large-scale distribution, but I designed a system that used to the small area, it includes two parts, control center and measurement instrument, which improve intelligence of the community and operation level. And then I designed the fire alarm and fire control linkage system. Because the region is narrow, once the fire occurs then will cause a great loss. So I designed a system that can alarm automatic and at the same time it can control equipment, when the fire occurs, it can control the equipment such as fire pump, exhaust fan, these equipments could be controlled for fire fighting. At last I designed a system of lightning protection, it is different with the traditional technology, because it could protects the buildings completely, and especially against lightning wave electromagnetic interference protection of a special design, the lightning protection device to form a system.
The community of the first phase of the project has been completed by the residents in, through the operation of electrical system, it works stable and no fault occurrence, various indicators was accurate, the result show that is to meet the actual needs.
引文
[1]郭维钧.回顾智能建筑十年来的发展与变化[J].智能建筑,2009,第1期
[2]王勃.浅谈新时期建筑电气设计[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,总第153期.
[3]梁树宏.浅谈现代建筑电气技术的发展与探索[J].城市建设：下旬,2010,第5期
[4]程大章.现代建筑电气技术的发展与探索[J].低压电器,2007,第2期.
[5]颜晓光.关于建筑电气的发展与技术探析[J].工程管理者,2011.
[6]唐观莲.现代住宅建筑电气设计的探讨[J].建工论坛,2011,第03期.
[7]程大章.建筑电气技术的探索与探索[J].电工技术杂志,2003,第6期.
[8]国家标准.低压配电设计规范(GB50054-1995).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1996.
[9]国家标准.住宅设计规范(GB50096-1999).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2003.
[10]魏立明.智能建筑电气技术与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2010.
[11]杨岳.电气安全[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2003.
[12]朱上滨.浅谈建筑供电系统三相短路电流的计算[J].中国科技博览,2010,30期.
[13]李鹏,李莉,李玉海.电力主设备继电保护存在的问题及对策[J],电力自动化设备,2010,30(11).
[14]朱上滨.浅谈建筑供电系统三相短路电流的计算[J].中国科技博览,2010,30期.
[15]冯卿.西安气象局办公楼电气设计研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[16]闫利伟.柴油发电机组并联运行分析与综合空载的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学.2007
[17]Power Electronics, Third Edition, Mcgraw-hill book,1993.
[18]Power Generation Operation and Control, A.J.Wood and B.F.Wollenberg, John Wiley&Sons,1996.
[19]Cho,Michael C.T.;Richard Fellows. "Intelligent building systems in Hong Kong offices."Facilities.Vol.18,No.516225-234.2000.
[20]Tanenbaum. Computer Networks,4th ED.2003,Prentice-Hall.
[21]田时静.重庆江北化肥厂供配电及综合自动化设计[D].重庆：重庆大学工程硕士学位论文.2007.
[22]朱琛,周有庆.配电自动化工程实施策略的探讨[J].湖南电力,2004,24(1).
[23]王益民.实用型配电自动化技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[24]叶世勋.配电网及其自动化发展综述[J].电网技术,1996,20(6).
[25]叶世勋,张步林,叶曦等.金藤工业园配电网自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(8).
[26]秦帅.华清嘉园小区配电自动化系统设计[D].北京：华北电力大学工程硕士学位论文.2004.
[27]朱琛.湖南大学配电自动化系统的研究与设计[D].湖南：湖南大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[28]Atoll GmbH, Bruchsal, An Object-Oriented Graphical Package for Power System Simulation and Analysis, IEEE MELECON 2004,May 12-15,2004.
[29]Peng Wang, R.Billinton, Unereliability Cost Assessment of an Electric Power System Using Reliability Network Equivalent Approaches, IEEE Trans. On Power System, 2002,17.
[30]A.Pievatolo, E.Tironi, I. Valade.Semi-Markov Processes for Power System Reliability Assessment with Application to Uninterruptible Power Supply, IEEE Trans.On Power Systems, 2004, 19(3).
[31]ZHAO Jing-ying, CHEN Hong-jian, LIU Guo-jin, ZHANG Yong, WU Pin-hua, Reliability testing and reliability analysis of the over-load protective relay*, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,2007,8(3).
[32]刘健,黄榕,杜文学等.城乡电网建设与改造指南[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.2004.
[33]国家标准.智能建筑设计标准(GB-T-50).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2006.
[34]花铁森.消防报警产品与系统的技术现状与市场[J].安防科技,2003,(6).
[35]张学楷.低压线路常见电气火灾原分析认定及预防措施研究[D].重庆：重庆大学工程硕士学位论文.2005.
[36]PeterHasse[德]著Overoltage protection of low voltage system中国电力出版社.2005.
[37]应洪正,陈振明.避雷针设置不当造成的雷击事故事例[J].建筑电气,2005.2.
[38]汤放奇,胡登宇,肖金华.弱电设备的雷害分析及防雷保护[J].长沙电力学院学 报,2005.05.
[39]Berberovie,Z.Haznadar, Z.Stih Method of moments in analysis of grounding systems, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2003,27.
[40]梅卫群,江燕如.建筑防雷教程[M].南京气象学院电子信息工程系.2002.
[41]张小青,建筑物内电子设备的防雷保护[M].电子工业出版社,2000.
[42]Qi-Bin Zhou,Y.Du, "Using EMTP for Evaluation of Surge Distribution in Metallic Grid-like Struct", IEEE, Trans:IndustryApplieation,vol.41,no.4,July/August 2005.
[43]A.Ametani,T.Kawamura, "A Method of a Lightning Surge Analysis Recommended in Japan Using EMTP",IEEE Trans.On Power delivery,Vol.20,NO.2,Apr,2005.
[44]Krakow, "A discussion of'Faraday cage' lightning protection and application to real building structures", Journal of Electrostaties,vol.48, no.2,PP.145-154,Jan.2000.
[45]苗静康.建筑防雷与电气安全技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[46]V.A.Rakov, M.A.Uman, M.I.FernandeZ, Direct "Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building:Triggered-Lightning Experiments", IEEE Transom Power Delivery,Vol.17,No.2,APril2002.
[47]虞昊.现代防雷技术基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[48]HIROMITSU TANIGUCHI, "Study Concerning Production of capacitanees in the transformer model", electrical engineering in Jappan,2000.
[49]Lee,Bok-Hee,Eom,Ju-Hong. "Characteristics of the radiation field wave forms produced by lightning return strokes", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review PaPers,vol.4,no.7,4379-4385,July 2004.
[50]Chia, Darwin Kok Lian, Liew. "Analysis of effect of resistive lightning protection terminal on lightning return strike current", IEEE Trans. On Power Deliveryvol.20,no.3,2307-2314,July,2005.
[51]Jae-KwanKim,Chae-KyunJung,Jonf-BeomLee,etal. "A study on the lightning surge protection methods on transmission system and substation", In:Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers,Cvol.54,no.6:279-85 June 2005.
[52]李祥超,姜翠宏,赵学余.防雷工程设计与实践[M].北京：气象出版社,2010.
[53]国家标准.建筑物防雷设计规范(GB50057-2010).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[2]王勃.浅谈新时期建筑电气设计[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,总第153期.
[3]梁树宏.浅谈现代建筑电气技术的发展与探索[J].城市建设：下旬,2010,第5期
[4]程大章.现代建筑电气技术的发展与探索[J].低压电器,2007,第2期.
[5]颜晓光.关于建筑电气的发展与技术探析[J].工程管理者,2011.
[6]唐观莲.现代住宅建筑电气设计的探讨[J].建工论坛,2011,第03期.
[7]程大章.建筑电气技术的探索与探索[J].电工技术杂志,2003,第6期.
[8]国家标准.低压配电设计规范(GB50054-1995).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1996.
[9]国家标准.住宅设计规范(GB50096-1999).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2003.
[10]魏立明.智能建筑电气技术与设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2010.
[11]杨岳.电气安全[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2003.
[12]朱上滨.浅谈建筑供电系统三相短路电流的计算[J].中国科技博览,2010,30期.
[13]李鹏,李莉,李玉海.电力主设备继电保护存在的问题及对策[J],电力自动化设备,2010,30(11).
[14]朱上滨.浅谈建筑供电系统三相短路电流的计算[J].中国科技博览,2010,30期.
[15]冯卿.西安气象局办公楼电气设计研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[16]闫利伟.柴油发电机组并联运行分析与综合空载的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学.2007
[17]Power Electronics, Third Edition, Mcgraw-hill book,1993.
[18]Power Generation Operation and Control, A.J.Wood and B.F.Wollenberg, John Wiley&Sons,1996.
[19]Cho,Michael C.T.;Richard Fellows. "Intelligent building systems in Hong Kong offices."Facilities.Vol.18,No.516225-234.2000.
[20]Tanenbaum. Computer Networks,4th ED.2003,Prentice-Hall.
[21]田时静.重庆江北化肥厂供配电及综合自动化设计[D].重庆：重庆大学工程硕士学位论文.2007.
[22]朱琛,周有庆.配电自动化工程实施策略的探讨[J].湖南电力,2004,24(1).
[23]王益民.实用型配电自动化技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.
[24]叶世勋.配电网及其自动化发展综述[J].电网技术,1996,20(6).
[25]叶世勋,张步林,叶曦等.金藤工业园配电网自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(8).
[26]秦帅.华清嘉园小区配电自动化系统设计[D].北京：华北电力大学工程硕士学位论文.2004.
[27]朱琛.湖南大学配电自动化系统的研究与设计[D].湖南：湖南大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[28]Atoll GmbH, Bruchsal, An Object-Oriented Graphical Package for Power System Simulation and Analysis, IEEE MELECON 2004,May 12-15,2004.
[29]Peng Wang, R.Billinton, Unereliability Cost Assessment of an Electric Power System Using Reliability Network Equivalent Approaches, IEEE Trans. On Power System, 2002,17.
[30]A.Pievatolo, E.Tironi, I. Valade.Semi-Markov Processes for Power System Reliability Assessment with Application to Uninterruptible Power Supply, IEEE Trans.On Power Systems, 2004, 19(3).
[31]ZHAO Jing-ying, CHEN Hong-jian, LIU Guo-jin, ZHANG Yong, WU Pin-hua, Reliability testing and reliability analysis of the over-load protective relay*, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,2007,8(3).
[32]刘健,黄榕,杜文学等.城乡电网建设与改造指南[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.2004.
[33]国家标准.智能建筑设计标准(GB-T-50).北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2006.
[34]花铁森.消防报警产品与系统的技术现状与市场[J].安防科技,2003,(6).
[35]张学楷.低压线路常见电气火灾原分析认定及预防措施研究[D].重庆：重庆大学工程硕士学位论文.2005.
[36]PeterHasse[德]著Overoltage protection of low voltage system中国电力出版社.2005.
[37]应洪正,陈振明.避雷针设置不当造成的雷击事故事例[J].建筑电气,2005.2.
[38]汤放奇,胡登宇,肖金华.弱电设备的雷害分析及防雷保护[J].长沙电力学院学 报,2005.05.
[39]Berberovie,Z.Haznadar, Z.Stih Method of moments in analysis of grounding systems, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2003,27.
[40]梅卫群,江燕如.建筑防雷教程[M].南京气象学院电子信息工程系.2002.
[41]张小青,建筑物内电子设备的防雷保护[M].电子工业出版社,2000.
[42]Qi-Bin Zhou,Y.Du, "Using EMTP for Evaluation of Surge Distribution in Metallic Grid-like Struct", IEEE, Trans:IndustryApplieation,vol.41,no.4,July/August 2005.
[43]A.Ametani,T.Kawamura, "A Method of a Lightning Surge Analysis Recommended in Japan Using EMTP",IEEE Trans.On Power delivery,Vol.20,NO.2,Apr,2005.
[44]Krakow, "A discussion of'Faraday cage' lightning protection and application to real building structures", Journal of Electrostaties,vol.48, no.2,PP.145-154,Jan.2000.
[45]苗静康.建筑防雷与电气安全技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[46]V.A.Rakov, M.A.Uman, M.I.FernandeZ, Direct "Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building:Triggered-Lightning Experiments", IEEE Transom Power Delivery,Vol.17,No.2,APril2002.
[47]虞昊.现代防雷技术基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[48]HIROMITSU TANIGUCHI, "Study Concerning Production of capacitanees in the transformer model", electrical engineering in Jappan,2000.
[49]Lee,Bok-Hee,Eom,Ju-Hong. "Characteristics of the radiation field wave forms produced by lightning return strokes", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review PaPers,vol.4,no.7,4379-4385,July 2004.
[50]Chia, Darwin Kok Lian, Liew. "Analysis of effect of resistive lightning protection terminal on lightning return strike current", IEEE Trans. On Power Deliveryvol.20,no.3,2307-2314,July,2005.
[51]Jae-KwanKim,Chae-KyunJung,Jonf-BeomLee,etal. "A study on the lightning surge protection methods on transmission system and substation", In:Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers,Cvol.54,no.6:279-85 June 2005.
[52]李祥超,姜翠宏,赵学余.防雷工程设计与实践[M].北京：气象出版社,2010.
[53]国家标准.建筑物防雷设计规范(GB50057-2010).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010.