高水压松散含水层下采煤关键层复合破断致灾机制研究
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摘要
我国华东、华北矿区部分煤矿的第四系厚表土层的底部存在一层以非胶结沙土、砂砾为骨架组成的松散承压含水层,它直接赋存在基岩顶界面上。近年来,部分煤矿在邻近该松散承压含水层采煤时发生了多起工作面压架突水灾害,造成了重大的经济损失,严重威胁煤矿安全生产。按传统理论难以合理解释此类压架突水事故的发生机理。论文通过大量的现场实测研究和实验室模拟研究,揭示了邻近松散承压含水采煤覆岩运动规律和工作面压架突水的机理。
研究发现:由于松散承压含水层的流动性和承压水流动补给作用,煤层开挖过程中作用于基岩顶界面的上覆载荷不像通常条件下随煤层开挖显著降低而是基本保持恒定,松散承压含水层起到了载荷传递的作用。邻近松散承压含水层开采时,由于松散承压含水层的载荷传递作用,导致一定覆岩条件下关键层易产生复合破断,引起松散承压含水层下部基岩的整体破断和砌体梁结构的滑落失稳,使得顶板导水裂隙高度发育至松散含水层下,远大于按《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》方法确定的值。这是引发部分矿井在邻近松散承压含水层采煤时发生异常压架突水灾害的根本原因。
基于邻近松散承压含水开采工作面压架突水机理,提出了邻近松散承压含水层采煤压架突水危险性评价方法和防治对策,并对祁东煤矿邻近松散承压含水层采煤压架突水危险区域作出了预测,避免了类似灾害的再次发生,彻底扭转了祁东煤矿邻近松散承压含水层采煤不断发生压架突水灾害的被动局面,保证了祁东煤矿7_114工作面压架突水后的复面安全生产,取得了显著的经济效益。
There is a layer of unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure which form with unconsolidated sand and grit at the bottom of thick quaternary topsoil in some east china north china coalmine.It exists at the top of bedrock.In recent years,some coalmine have happened several accident as supports crushing and water inrushing when mined the under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure.It has caused significant economic losses and a serious threat to coal mine production safety. According to the traditional theory the pathogenesis of these supports crushing and water inrushing accidents can't be properly explained. According to a large number of field measurements and laboratory simulation this paper revealed the movement law of above strata and the pathogenesis of the workface supports crushing and water inrushing accidents under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure.
The study found:for the liquidity and flow recharge of confined water,while excaving coal the load acting on the top interface of the overlying rock do not performance significantly lower like usual but remained constant, the unconsolidated confined aquifer could transfer the the load acting on the top interface of the overlying rock. Due to the effect of load transfer of the unconsolidated confined aquifer, on condition of unconsolidated confined aquifer, the adjacent key strata are prone to compound breakage when mining under the unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure, which leading to the bedrock broken as a whole and sliding instability of the overlying structure and bring about supports crushing and water inrushing. The height of water flowing fractured zone developing to the unconsolidated aquifers is much larger than the value of“coal mining order for buildings, water, rail and major roadway pillar leaving and coal of holding down”.This is the root causes of the supports crushing and water inrushing accidents when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure in some minecoal.
Based on the pathogenesis of these supports crushing and water inrushing accidents when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure, risk assessment methods and countermeasures under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure was proposed and hazardous area was projectioned when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure on QiDong mine which avoid a similar disaster from happening again. It completely reversed the situation of supports crushing and water inrushing accidents continuously when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure on QiDong mine and ensure safety in production and recovery workface after supports crushing and water inrushing accidents in 7_114 working face.It has achieved remarkable economic benefit.
研究发现:由于松散承压含水层的流动性和承压水流动补给作用,煤层开挖过程中作用于基岩顶界面的上覆载荷不像通常条件下随煤层开挖显著降低而是基本保持恒定,松散承压含水层起到了载荷传递的作用。邻近松散承压含水层开采时,由于松散承压含水层的载荷传递作用,导致一定覆岩条件下关键层易产生复合破断,引起松散承压含水层下部基岩的整体破断和砌体梁结构的滑落失稳,使得顶板导水裂隙高度发育至松散含水层下,远大于按《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》方法确定的值。这是引发部分矿井在邻近松散承压含水层采煤时发生异常压架突水灾害的根本原因。
基于邻近松散承压含水开采工作面压架突水机理,提出了邻近松散承压含水层采煤压架突水危险性评价方法和防治对策,并对祁东煤矿邻近松散承压含水层采煤压架突水危险区域作出了预测,避免了类似灾害的再次发生,彻底扭转了祁东煤矿邻近松散承压含水层采煤不断发生压架突水灾害的被动局面,保证了祁东煤矿7_114工作面压架突水后的复面安全生产,取得了显著的经济效益。
There is a layer of unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure which form with unconsolidated sand and grit at the bottom of thick quaternary topsoil in some east china north china coalmine.It exists at the top of bedrock.In recent years,some coalmine have happened several accident as supports crushing and water inrushing when mined the under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure.It has caused significant economic losses and a serious threat to coal mine production safety. According to the traditional theory the pathogenesis of these supports crushing and water inrushing accidents can't be properly explained. According to a large number of field measurements and laboratory simulation this paper revealed the movement law of above strata and the pathogenesis of the workface supports crushing and water inrushing accidents under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure.
The study found:for the liquidity and flow recharge of confined water,while excaving coal the load acting on the top interface of the overlying rock do not performance significantly lower like usual but remained constant, the unconsolidated confined aquifer could transfer the the load acting on the top interface of the overlying rock. Due to the effect of load transfer of the unconsolidated confined aquifer, on condition of unconsolidated confined aquifer, the adjacent key strata are prone to compound breakage when mining under the unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure, which leading to the bedrock broken as a whole and sliding instability of the overlying structure and bring about supports crushing and water inrushing. The height of water flowing fractured zone developing to the unconsolidated aquifers is much larger than the value of“coal mining order for buildings, water, rail and major roadway pillar leaving and coal of holding down”.This is the root causes of the supports crushing and water inrushing accidents when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure in some minecoal.
Based on the pathogenesis of these supports crushing and water inrushing accidents when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure, risk assessment methods and countermeasures under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure was proposed and hazardous area was projectioned when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure on QiDong mine which avoid a similar disaster from happening again. It completely reversed the situation of supports crushing and water inrushing accidents continuously when mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer with high water pressure on QiDong mine and ensure safety in production and recovery workface after supports crushing and water inrushing accidents in 7_114 working face.It has achieved remarkable economic benefit.
引文
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