酒店式公寓建筑设计初探
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的持续高速增长和城市化进程的不断加速，房地产开发的浪潮一浪高过一浪，越来越不容忽视。在房地产开发中除了上座率极高Town House，大约就属于SOHO概念的酒店式公寓项目最炙手可热了。
酒店式公寓源起于欧洲，我国始于1994年，意为“酒店式服务”、“公寓式管理”。由于其具备“自用”和“投资”两大特点。是人们追求个性化、私密性、低投入的理想体现。随着1999年房地产的复苏，酒店式公寓也随之长足发展。它的发展方向、适用性越来越广泛，组合方式越来越多，但很少有人对它产生、发展、存在的形式，及空间形态进行深入的研究。本人想就这次机会，总结酒店式公寓设计的特点，推进酒店式公寓的多元化、多样性，为今后设计提供新的方向和思路。
此课题从酒店式公寓的定位、现状、发展方向、市场需求进行研究得出结论。
主要研究不同地理位置、面向群体的定位，研究我国日益普及的现状形式及其多元化的演化，和可能出现的问题。通过针对高、中、低档不同类型，以及不同城市和使用群体进行比较，就其使用的多元性进行研究得出合理的布局，对组合方式、不同的面积、设施、服务、环境进行定位。使我们在设计中，不仅仅作为一个纯粹的设计师，同时也肩负着策划和参谋的职责。
本文第一、二章主要论述了酒店式公寓建筑类型产生的背景、现状、定位、类型、前景以及相关类型的比较。
第三章就酒店式公寓的环境问题论述了其选址、周边环境、总平面布置、场地设计以及环境设计中应注意的问题。
第四章分析了酒店式公寓的平面功能，并阐述了标准层、各功能空间的设计要点。
第五章主要分析了酒店式公寓形态生成的问题和注意事项，第六章以本文的论点分析了一个成功的案例。
With the continuous growth of the economy and the rapid progress of the urbanization in China, the real estate has been developed extremely fast, and more and more people have realized its importance. The Hotel Service Apartment Projects of SOHO are getting more popular in China besides Town House Projects.
The Hotel Service Apartment Projects, which means the hotel the hotel service plus apartment management, originated form Europe and emerged in China in 1994. Such apartments can be bought either as the owners' residential place with the individuation they want and protection of their privacy, or as their good investment because its initial down payment is small. That's why the Hotel Service Apartment Projects have been developing so fast since the recovery of China's real estate market in 1999. Although such projects have good potential in their applications in various ways, few people have done enough research work on their initiation and development, and their models and formats. I would like to take this opportunity to summarize the shortcomings in hotel design, to promote the varieties of Hotel Service Apartment Projects, and to share my new thinking of their design development in the future.
The conclusion of this paper is from the research on the market position, present situation, development trend, and market demands of the Hotel Service Apartment Projects.
The main research work has been done on their different geographic locations, potential customer segments, prevailing models, varieties, and possible problems. Through the comparison of the high, middle, and low classifications among different cities and their residents, we have researched the multi-applications of the Hotel Service Apartment Projects and drawn a conclusion about the reasonable layouts and combination for different floor area, facilities, services, and environment. Therefore, when we design such projects, we are not only professional architects, but also good planners and consultants.
The first and second chapters mainly discuss the Hotel Service Apartment Projects' initiation background, present situation, market position, types of models, development orientation, and their comparison with other types of real estate projects.
The third chapter discusses the environment issues of the Hotel Service Apartment Project including their location selected, surroundings, general ichnographic layout, construction site design, and environment design.
The fourth chapter analyzes the ichnographic functions of the Hotel Service
Apartment Projects and illustrates the key designing issues including the design of standard floor and its functional space.
The fifth chapter mainly focuses on the detailed designing issues; and the sixth chapter is a case study, where the main points of this paper have been successfully used.
酒店式公寓源起于欧洲，我国始于1994年，意为“酒店式服务”、“公寓式管理”。由于其具备“自用”和“投资”两大特点。是人们追求个性化、私密性、低投入的理想体现。随着1999年房地产的复苏，酒店式公寓也随之长足发展。它的发展方向、适用性越来越广泛，组合方式越来越多，但很少有人对它产生、发展、存在的形式，及空间形态进行深入的研究。本人想就这次机会，总结酒店式公寓设计的特点，推进酒店式公寓的多元化、多样性，为今后设计提供新的方向和思路。
此课题从酒店式公寓的定位、现状、发展方向、市场需求进行研究得出结论。
主要研究不同地理位置、面向群体的定位，研究我国日益普及的现状形式及其多元化的演化，和可能出现的问题。通过针对高、中、低档不同类型，以及不同城市和使用群体进行比较，就其使用的多元性进行研究得出合理的布局，对组合方式、不同的面积、设施、服务、环境进行定位。使我们在设计中，不仅仅作为一个纯粹的设计师，同时也肩负着策划和参谋的职责。
本文第一、二章主要论述了酒店式公寓建筑类型产生的背景、现状、定位、类型、前景以及相关类型的比较。
第三章就酒店式公寓的环境问题论述了其选址、周边环境、总平面布置、场地设计以及环境设计中应注意的问题。
第四章分析了酒店式公寓的平面功能，并阐述了标准层、各功能空间的设计要点。
第五章主要分析了酒店式公寓形态生成的问题和注意事项，第六章以本文的论点分析了一个成功的案例。
With the continuous growth of the economy and the rapid progress of the urbanization in China, the real estate has been developed extremely fast, and more and more people have realized its importance. The Hotel Service Apartment Projects of SOHO are getting more popular in China besides Town House Projects.
The Hotel Service Apartment Projects, which means the hotel the hotel service plus apartment management, originated form Europe and emerged in China in 1994. Such apartments can be bought either as the owners' residential place with the individuation they want and protection of their privacy, or as their good investment because its initial down payment is small. That's why the Hotel Service Apartment Projects have been developing so fast since the recovery of China's real estate market in 1999. Although such projects have good potential in their applications in various ways, few people have done enough research work on their initiation and development, and their models and formats. I would like to take this opportunity to summarize the shortcomings in hotel design, to promote the varieties of Hotel Service Apartment Projects, and to share my new thinking of their design development in the future.
The conclusion of this paper is from the research on the market position, present situation, development trend, and market demands of the Hotel Service Apartment Projects.
The main research work has been done on their different geographic locations, potential customer segments, prevailing models, varieties, and possible problems. Through the comparison of the high, middle, and low classifications among different cities and their residents, we have researched the multi-applications of the Hotel Service Apartment Projects and drawn a conclusion about the reasonable layouts and combination for different floor area, facilities, services, and environment. Therefore, when we design such projects, we are not only professional architects, but also good planners and consultants.
The first and second chapters mainly discuss the Hotel Service Apartment Projects' initiation background, present situation, market position, types of models, development orientation, and their comparison with other types of real estate projects.
The third chapter discusses the environment issues of the Hotel Service Apartment Project including their location selected, surroundings, general ichnographic layout, construction site design, and environment design.
The fourth chapter analyzes the ichnographic functions of the Hotel Service
Apartment Projects and illustrates the key designing issues including the design of standard floor and its functional space.
The fifth chapter mainly focuses on the detailed designing issues; and the sixth chapter is a case study, where the main points of this paper have been successfully used.
引文
[1] 刘先觉．现代建筑理论．中国建筑工业出版社，2000．12
[2] 朱小池．世界建筑．2002年第3期．超越建筑的建筑——SOHO现代城．
[3] Clair Cooper Marcus & Carolyn Francis. People Places. John Wiley & Sons. 1998
[4] MCHarg I L.Design with nature. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.New York, 1992
[5] 杨鸿勋．21世纪的营窟与巢：生态建筑·生态城·山水城市——可持续发展生态营造论．建筑学报，2000．9：1～14
[6] 刘敦桢主编，《中国古代建筑史》，中国建筑工业出版社，1984
[7] 刘永德，《建筑空间的形态·结构·涵义·组合》—天津：天津大学出版社，1998
[8] 吴良镛．世纪之交的凝思：建筑学的未来．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[9] PROCESS:Architecture.No.15.INDIGE NOUS SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA. 1998
[10] PROCESS:Architecture.No.52WATERFRONT. 1984
[11] 建筑设计资料集．编委会．建筑设计资料集6．第二版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[12] 湖南省统计局．湖南统计年鉴(1998)、(2001)．北京：中国统计出版社，1998、2001
[13] 董卫，王建国，可持续发展的城市与建筑设计．第一版．南京：东南大学出版社，1998．8
[14] 爱德华·T怀特[美](林敏哲，林明毅译)．建筑语汇．大连：大连理工大学出版社，2001
[15] Hemant Naik. TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN INDIA. PROCESS, 1980.5(15):35～49
[16] MICKEYA·PALMER THE ARCHITECT'S GUIDE TO FACILITY PROGRAMMING Published Jointly by The American Institute of Architects Washington, D.C., and Architectureal Record Books New York, 1981
[17] 比尔·里斯贝罗．现代建筑与设计．肖驰等译．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[18] Talbot Hamlin. Forms and Functions of Twentieth Century. Vol.Ⅱ.The Principles of Composition, Columbia University Press, New York,1952
[19] 林红．环境艺术工学．第一版．贵阳：贵州科技出版社，2001．3
[20] 夏祖华，黄伟康．城市空间设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1997．5
[21] YAMAMOTO TOYOITO. THREE PHASES OF RIKEN YAMAMOTO'S ARCHITECTURE DESIGN, CONVERSATION BETWEE RIKEN YAMAMOTO AND
TOYOITO. WORLD ARCHITECTURE.2001.12(138): 62
[22] 乔弗莱·司光特(张钦楠译)．人文主义建筑学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[23] 维特鲁威．建筑十书．北京：知识产权出版社，2001．3
[24] Morrison F.Young E. Square Milieu. The Architectural Review, 1994(4)
[25] Koji Yagi. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT. PROCESS, 1980.5(15) 13～16
[26] 卡斯腾·哈里斯[美](申嘉、陈朝晖译)．建筑的伦理功能．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，2001
[27] Crowhurst-Lennard, Suzanne H, and Henry L.Lennard. Livable cities——Pelple and Places. Southampton, New York, Gondolier Press, 1987
[28] Whyte, William. The social life of small urban space. Washingto, D.c.Conservation Foundation, 1980
[29] 吴景祥．高层建筑设计．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[30] 程文襄等．混凝土楼盖设计．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[31] The JUTAKV KENCHIKV a Monthly Journal for Home Builders and Designers. No. 181.1990.4
[32] Botang Bognar: ARCHITECTURE AND SOCIETY: THE NEW MODENISE OF RIKEN YAMAMOTO. WORLD ARCHITECTURE.2001.12(138): 18
[33] 赵鑫珊．建筑．不可抗拒的艺术．第一版．天津：百花文艺出版社，2002
[34] Koji Yagi. A GLANCE AT INDIGENOUS SETTLEMENTS. PROCESS, 1980.5(15): 5～12
[35] 陈志华．北窗杂记——建筑学术随笔．第一版．河南：河南科学技术出版社，1999
[36] Kulbshan Jain. FORM——A CONSEQUENCE OF CONTEXT. PROCESS, 1980.5(15): 17～30
[37] 吴焕加．论现代西方建筑．中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[38] Melanie L.Simo. THE SWA GRPUP: A RETROSPECTIVE. PROCESS ARCHITECTURE, 1992.5(103)
[39] Bueden.E.ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE 1998 BY MCGROWHILL COMPANIES, Inc.
[40] 朱欢．德国的低耗能住宅．世界建筑，2001．4：34～36
[41] 01IVIER BOISSIENE Twentieth-Century Houses. FINEST SA/PIERRE TERRAIL EDITIONS, PARIS, 1998. THE ART BOOK SUBSIDIARY OF BAYARD PRESSE SA.English edition:Oct. 1998
[42] 齐康．城市环境规划设计与方法．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[43] A.Rossi. The Architecture of the City. MIT, Cambridge, MA,USA, 1980
[44] C.Alexander.A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997
[2] 朱小池．世界建筑．2002年第3期．超越建筑的建筑——SOHO现代城．
[3] Clair Cooper Marcus & Carolyn Francis. People Places. John Wiley & Sons. 1998
[4] MCHarg I L.Design with nature. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.New York, 1992
[5] 杨鸿勋．21世纪的营窟与巢：生态建筑·生态城·山水城市——可持续发展生态营造论．建筑学报，2000．9：1～14
[6] 刘敦桢主编，《中国古代建筑史》，中国建筑工业出版社，1984
[7] 刘永德，《建筑空间的形态·结构·涵义·组合》—天津：天津大学出版社，1998
[8] 吴良镛．世纪之交的凝思：建筑学的未来．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[9] PROCESS:Architecture.No.15.INDIGE NOUS SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA. 1998
[10] PROCESS:Architecture.No.52WATERFRONT. 1984
[11] 建筑设计资料集．编委会．建筑设计资料集6．第二版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[12] 湖南省统计局．湖南统计年鉴(1998)、(2001)．北京：中国统计出版社，1998、2001
[13] 董卫，王建国，可持续发展的城市与建筑设计．第一版．南京：东南大学出版社，1998．8
[14] 爱德华·T怀特[美](林敏哲，林明毅译)．建筑语汇．大连：大连理工大学出版社，2001
[15] Hemant Naik. TRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN INDIA. PROCESS, 1980.5(15):35～49
[16] MICKEYA·PALMER THE ARCHITECT'S GUIDE TO FACILITY PROGRAMMING Published Jointly by The American Institute of Architects Washington, D.C., and Architectureal Record Books New York, 1981
[17] 比尔·里斯贝罗．现代建筑与设计．肖驰等译．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[18] Talbot Hamlin. Forms and Functions of Twentieth Century. Vol.Ⅱ.The Principles of Composition, Columbia University Press, New York,1952
[19] 林红．环境艺术工学．第一版．贵阳：贵州科技出版社，2001．3
[20] 夏祖华，黄伟康．城市空间设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1997．5
[21] YAMAMOTO TOYOITO. THREE PHASES OF RIKEN YAMAMOTO'S ARCHITECTURE DESIGN, CONVERSATION BETWEE RIKEN YAMAMOTO AND
TOYOITO. WORLD ARCHITECTURE.2001.12(138): 62
[22] 乔弗莱·司光特(张钦楠译)．人文主义建筑学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[23] 维特鲁威．建筑十书．北京：知识产权出版社，2001．3
[24] Morrison F.Young E. Square Milieu. The Architectural Review, 1994(4)
[25] Koji Yagi. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT. PROCESS, 1980.5(15) 13～16
[26] 卡斯腾·哈里斯[美](申嘉、陈朝晖译)．建筑的伦理功能．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，2001
[27] Crowhurst-Lennard, Suzanne H, and Henry L.Lennard. Livable cities——Pelple and Places. Southampton, New York, Gondolier Press, 1987
[28] Whyte, William. The social life of small urban space. Washingto, D.c.Conservation Foundation, 1980
[29] 吴景祥．高层建筑设计．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[30] 程文襄等．混凝土楼盖设计．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[31] The JUTAKV KENCHIKV a Monthly Journal for Home Builders and Designers. No. 181.1990.4
[32] Botang Bognar: ARCHITECTURE AND SOCIETY: THE NEW MODENISE OF RIKEN YAMAMOTO. WORLD ARCHITECTURE.2001.12(138): 18
[33] 赵鑫珊．建筑．不可抗拒的艺术．第一版．天津：百花文艺出版社，2002
[34] Koji Yagi. A GLANCE AT INDIGENOUS SETTLEMENTS. PROCESS, 1980.5(15): 5～12
[35] 陈志华．北窗杂记——建筑学术随笔．第一版．河南：河南科学技术出版社，1999
[36] Kulbshan Jain. FORM——A CONSEQUENCE OF CONTEXT. PROCESS, 1980.5(15): 17～30
[37] 吴焕加．论现代西方建筑．中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[38] Melanie L.Simo. THE SWA GRPUP: A RETROSPECTIVE. PROCESS ARCHITECTURE, 1992.5(103)
[39] Bueden.E.ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE 1998 BY MCGROWHILL COMPANIES, Inc.
[40] 朱欢．德国的低耗能住宅．世界建筑，2001．4：34～36
[41] 01IVIER BOISSIENE Twentieth-Century Houses. FINEST SA/PIERRE TERRAIL EDITIONS, PARIS, 1998. THE ART BOOK SUBSIDIARY OF BAYARD PRESSE SA.English edition:Oct. 1998
[42] 齐康．城市环境规划设计与方法．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[43] A.Rossi. The Architecture of the City. MIT, Cambridge, MA,USA, 1980
[44] C.Alexander.A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997