树月季砧木研究
摘要
树月季是我国园林绿化的新宠，具有广阔的应用前景。但我国树月季还存在树干柔弱、产量低、观赏效果不佳等缺点。
从国外引进树月季砧木和相应的树月季培育方法不失为解决我国树月季生产和应用中存在问题的有效途径。
本文主要从2001～2004年对美欧引进的树月季砧木作了引种观察，并深入探讨了砧木扦插繁殖问题。
引种观察的结果表明：所引砧木均能正常生长并且已经开花结实，其中R．multiflora ‘De La Grifferaie’干性好、抗寒力强，是露地栽培树月季砧木的理想选择。
扦插试验包括美国所引进的野蔷薇三个品种的嫩枝扦插和法国所引进的狗蔷薇的硬枝扦插。
试验采取了单因素、多因素、正交和配比等设计方法，从扦插生根数、根长两方面进行统计分析，最后结合生根和腐烂状况得出最佳处理方法。
嫩枝扦插试验结果表明：Rosa multiflora ‘Dr．Huey’用50 mg／l ABT_2处理4 h可有效促进生根：R．multiflora‘De La Grifferaie’用刻伤+200mg／l NAA+4％蔗糖浸泡2h或2000mg／lABT_2速蘸2～3s处理生根效果好；R．multiflora‘I×L’可选用50mg／lABT_2浸泡4h处理。‘Dr．Huey’和‘De La Grifferaie’用珍珠岩扦插生根率可达到73％和93％；‘I×L’用蛭石扦插生根率可达87％。
狗蔷薇(R．canina)硬枝扦插试验结果表明：冬季扦插应结合低温温室室或阳畦进行，插穗宜取长；1000mg／lABT_1速蘸10 s或500 mg／lNAA+4％蔗糖浸泡1h处理可有效促进生根；用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩(3：2：1)作基质生根率可达93％。
Nowadays, rose standard(Tree rose) becomes a popular garden plant in China, which has an admirable prospect. However, there are lots of undiscovered technical problems to explore in its fostered field.
Those tree roses' rootstocks were introduced from America in 2001, and Europe in 2002, respectively. After several years' scientific observations on those rootstocks and further exploration for their cuttings, conclusion can be made that all those rootstocks have the ability to grow well. However, whether the introduced stocks will be widely utilized in Beijing mainly depends on their capacity of resistance to the coldness.
Research on rootstocks' cuttings mainly included green branch cuttings of three briers' varieties from America and hard branch dog rose's cuttings from France. Primary discussions were also made about the methods of "stenting" and " one-whip".
Main effective elements such as type of media and category or density of hormones had been tested in the experiment of cuttings. Effects about leaves-saved and the different parts of branch from the bottom to the top were also experimented in the green cuttings.
In the green cutting of briers, the variety of R. multiflora 'Dr. huey' rooted best treated with 50mg/l ABT2 for 4 hours; R. multiflora 'De La Grefferaie' can easily root after being treated with 200 mg/l NAA + 4% sugar or quickly dipped with 1000 mg/l ABT2 for 2-3 seconds. While R. 'IXL' got a ideal result being treated with 50mg/l ABT2 for 4 hours. Perlite is the most appropriate media for R. 'Dr. huey' and R. 'De La Grifferaie', while vermiculite for R. 'IXL'.
Dog rose's cutting test showed that the cool greenhouse or cold frame would be the better place to make the bed, and longer branch will produce more roots. The most proper combination for dog rose cuttings on rooting is 500 mg/1 NAA + 4% sugar for an hour or 1000 mg/1 ABT1 for 10 seconds. The most excellent medium for dog rose's cutting in winter is the mixture of peat +vermiculite + perlite (3:2:1), the rooting percentage cut in this medium is 93%.
从国外引进树月季砧木和相应的树月季培育方法不失为解决我国树月季生产和应用中存在问题的有效途径。
本文主要从2001～2004年对美欧引进的树月季砧木作了引种观察，并深入探讨了砧木扦插繁殖问题。
引种观察的结果表明：所引砧木均能正常生长并且已经开花结实，其中R．multiflora ‘De La Grifferaie’干性好、抗寒力强，是露地栽培树月季砧木的理想选择。
扦插试验包括美国所引进的野蔷薇三个品种的嫩枝扦插和法国所引进的狗蔷薇的硬枝扦插。
试验采取了单因素、多因素、正交和配比等设计方法，从扦插生根数、根长两方面进行统计分析，最后结合生根和腐烂状况得出最佳处理方法。
嫩枝扦插试验结果表明：Rosa multiflora ‘Dr．Huey’用50 mg／l ABT_2处理4 h可有效促进生根：R．multiflora‘De La Grifferaie’用刻伤+200mg／l NAA+4％蔗糖浸泡2h或2000mg／lABT_2速蘸2～3s处理生根效果好；R．multiflora‘I×L’可选用50mg／lABT_2浸泡4h处理。‘Dr．Huey’和‘De La Grifferaie’用珍珠岩扦插生根率可达到73％和93％；‘I×L’用蛭石扦插生根率可达87％。
狗蔷薇(R．canina)硬枝扦插试验结果表明：冬季扦插应结合低温温室室或阳畦进行，插穗宜取长；1000mg／lABT_1速蘸10 s或500 mg／lNAA+4％蔗糖浸泡1h处理可有效促进生根；用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩(3：2：1)作基质生根率可达93％。
Nowadays, rose standard(Tree rose) becomes a popular garden plant in China, which has an admirable prospect. However, there are lots of undiscovered technical problems to explore in its fostered field.
Those tree roses' rootstocks were introduced from America in 2001, and Europe in 2002, respectively. After several years' scientific observations on those rootstocks and further exploration for their cuttings, conclusion can be made that all those rootstocks have the ability to grow well. However, whether the introduced stocks will be widely utilized in Beijing mainly depends on their capacity of resistance to the coldness.
Research on rootstocks' cuttings mainly included green branch cuttings of three briers' varieties from America and hard branch dog rose's cuttings from France. Primary discussions were also made about the methods of "stenting" and " one-whip".
Main effective elements such as type of media and category or density of hormones had been tested in the experiment of cuttings. Effects about leaves-saved and the different parts of branch from the bottom to the top were also experimented in the green cuttings.
In the green cutting of briers, the variety of R. multiflora 'Dr. huey' rooted best treated with 50mg/l ABT2 for 4 hours; R. multiflora 'De La Grefferaie' can easily root after being treated with 200 mg/l NAA + 4% sugar or quickly dipped with 1000 mg/l ABT2 for 2-3 seconds. While R. 'IXL' got a ideal result being treated with 50mg/l ABT2 for 4 hours. Perlite is the most appropriate media for R. 'Dr. huey' and R. 'De La Grifferaie', while vermiculite for R. 'IXL'.
Dog rose's cutting test showed that the cool greenhouse or cold frame would be the better place to make the bed, and longer branch will produce more roots. The most proper combination for dog rose cuttings on rooting is 500 mg/1 NAA + 4% sugar for an hour or 1000 mg/1 ABT1 for 10 seconds. The most excellent medium for dog rose's cutting in winter is the mixture of peat +vermiculite + perlite (3:2:1), the rooting percentage cut in this medium is 93%.
引文
1 丛者福，李钢．干旱条件下野蔷薇嫩枝扦插技术．甘肃林业科技，2000，25(2)：12
2 宫俊华等．毛白杨“一条鞭”嫁接繁育技术．北方园艺，2002(2)：28
3 李国庆，刘君慧．树木引种技术．北京：中国林业出版社，1982
4 李继华．扦插的原理与应用．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1987
5 李万英等．我国玫瑰资源初探．园艺学报，1983，10(3)，211～139
6 李振坚、陈俊愉、吕英民．木本观赏植物绿枝扦插生根研究进展．北京林业大学学报，2002(8)：83～85
7 李振坚．自动喷雾下桃李杏嫩枝扦插生根的研究．北京林业大学学报．2001(8)：14～17
8 梁仰贞．无需育砧出苗快先接后插繁月季．北京农业．2000(9)22～23
9 刘权等．果树试验设计与统计．北京：中国林业出版社，1992
10 罗鸣福．林业试验设计和方法．北京：中国林业出版社，1986
11 南京农业大学主编．田间试验和统计方法．北京：农业出版社，1982
12 潘志刚，游应天等．中国主要外来树种引种栽培．北京：北京科学技术出版社，1994
13 钱敏之．喷雾和低温系统对扦插生根的效应研究．植物引种与驯化集刊(第三集)．北京：科学出版社，1983，181～189
14 石绍裘等．月季栽培．上海：上海科技出版社，1980
15 松下义郎，大山浪雄．植物扦插理论与技术．北京：中国林业出版社，1998
16 谭玉宝等．硕苞蔷薇人工栽培技术研究．湖南林业科技，2001(4)：43～45
17 汪有良等．切花月季单芽嫩枝扦插试验．江苏林业科技，1997，24(3)：27～29
18 王丽雪．果树试验与统计．北京：中国农业出版社，1995
19 王名金，刘克辉等．树木引种驯化概论．江苏：江苏科技出版社，1990
20 王学山等．野生玫瑰绿枝扦插生根的初步研究．农业与技术，1996，93(4)：23～24
21 吴均章．月季先接后插技术．林业科技开发．2000．14(2)：49
22 吴中伦等．国外树木引种技术．北京：科学出版社，1983
23 闫恩维等．刺玫蔷薇嫩枝扦插繁殖技术的研究．中国林副特产，2001，56(1)：4
24 杨百荔等．月季花．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1980
25 余树勋．预测木本植物引种的前景．植物引种驯化集刊．北京：科学出版社，1985
26 张本．月季．上海：上海科技出版社，1998，
27 张凤鸣．月季芽接全光雾插新技术．林业科技通讯，1998(6)：40
28 张洁等．中国蔷薇属植物的引种．植物引种驯化论文集．科学出版社，1965：130～169
29 张全洪等．苹果一条鞭芽接培育优质苗木技术．河北林业科技，1995(2)：53
30 郑瑞霞．刺玫瑰、野蔷薇高温扦插繁殖技术．新疆农垦科技，1999(4)：16
31 中国大百科全书总编辑委员会编．中国大百科全书．中国地理．北京．中国大百科全书出版社，1987
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2 宫俊华等．毛白杨“一条鞭”嫁接繁育技术．北方园艺，2002(2)：28
3 李国庆，刘君慧．树木引种技术．北京：中国林业出版社，1982
4 李继华．扦插的原理与应用．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1987
5 李万英等．我国玫瑰资源初探．园艺学报，1983，10(3)，211～139
6 李振坚、陈俊愉、吕英民．木本观赏植物绿枝扦插生根研究进展．北京林业大学学报，2002(8)：83～85
7 李振坚．自动喷雾下桃李杏嫩枝扦插生根的研究．北京林业大学学报．2001(8)：14～17
8 梁仰贞．无需育砧出苗快先接后插繁月季．北京农业．2000(9)22～23
9 刘权等．果树试验设计与统计．北京：中国林业出版社，1992
10 罗鸣福．林业试验设计和方法．北京：中国林业出版社，1986
11 南京农业大学主编．田间试验和统计方法．北京：农业出版社，1982
12 潘志刚，游应天等．中国主要外来树种引种栽培．北京：北京科学技术出版社，1994
13 钱敏之．喷雾和低温系统对扦插生根的效应研究．植物引种与驯化集刊(第三集)．北京：科学出版社，1983，181～189
14 石绍裘等．月季栽培．上海：上海科技出版社，1980
15 松下义郎，大山浪雄．植物扦插理论与技术．北京：中国林业出版社，1998
16 谭玉宝等．硕苞蔷薇人工栽培技术研究．湖南林业科技，2001(4)：43～45
17 汪有良等．切花月季单芽嫩枝扦插试验．江苏林业科技，1997，24(3)：27～29
18 王丽雪．果树试验与统计．北京：中国农业出版社，1995
19 王名金，刘克辉等．树木引种驯化概论．江苏：江苏科技出版社，1990
20 王学山等．野生玫瑰绿枝扦插生根的初步研究．农业与技术，1996，93(4)：23～24
21 吴均章．月季先接后插技术．林业科技开发．2000．14(2)：49
22 吴中伦等．国外树木引种技术．北京：科学出版社，1983
23 闫恩维等．刺玫蔷薇嫩枝扦插繁殖技术的研究．中国林副特产，2001，56(1)：4
24 杨百荔等．月季花．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1980
25 余树勋．预测木本植物引种的前景．植物引种驯化集刊．北京：科学出版社，1985
26 张本．月季．上海：上海科技出版社，1998，
27 张凤鸣．月季芽接全光雾插新技术．林业科技通讯，1998(6)：40
28 张洁等．中国蔷薇属植物的引种．植物引种驯化论文集．科学出版社，1965：130～169
29 张全洪等．苹果一条鞭芽接培育优质苗木技术．河北林业科技，1995(2)：53
30 郑瑞霞．刺玫瑰、野蔷薇高温扦插繁殖技术．新疆农垦科技，1999(4)：16
31 中国大百科全书总编辑委员会编．中国大百科全书．中国地理．北京．中国大百科全书出版社，1987
32 中国科学院《中国自然地理》编委会．中国自然地理(上册)．北京：科学出版社，1985
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