新疆克拉玛依市水土保持规划
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
论文从克拉玛依市水土流失现状入手,通过重点分析影响水土流失的几个重要因素,对当地土壤侵蚀强度进行了分级及对土壤侵蚀类型进行了分区,特别对水力风力交错侵蚀特征进行了分析,并以水力风力侵蚀特征作为土壤侵蚀类型分区的主要依据。将地理信息系统技术用于土壤侵蚀强度分级及类型分区中,对克拉玛依市水土保持进行了分区,提出了不同分区的水土保持治理模式,并制定了城市水土流失治理方向。
     本论文的主要研究结果如下:
     (1)根据该地区的自然和气候条件、地形地貌、土壤及人类活动因素,分析了克拉玛依市水土流失成因规律;
     (2)克拉玛依地区的土壤侵蚀主要包括水力侵蚀、风力侵蚀、风力—水力交错侵蚀等,其中风力—水力交错侵蚀面积占总面积的67.8%;
     (3)在分析克拉玛依市土壤侵蚀类型及侵蚀强度的基础上,将克拉玛依市的水土保持划分了四个区,并提出了每个区的治理模式和治理方向;
     (4)根据克拉玛依市自然条件与水资源条件,对土地资源进行合理配置,提出了四个治理区具体的水土保持措施;
     (5)根据克拉玛依市国民经济各业发展,对该地区的水资源进行
    
    西安理工大学工程硕士专业学位论文
    了分析,提出了2005年、2015年的水资源合理利用模式;
     (6)根据克拉玛依市水土流失现状及社会经济发展规划,提出了
    近期治理目标;
     (7)根据克拉玛依市水土保持规划,所采取的各种措施,计算出
    各种措施所需要的投资和投劳,并就水土保持效益进行了分析。
According to the current situations of soil water erosion in city Keramay, factors affecting soil erosion loss were analyzed, soil erosion intensity was graded and the soil erosion type was divided into several zones. Specially, the water and wind erosion features were analyzed and the features were considered as the major factor for division of soil erosion type. GIS technique was used in the soil erosion zoning. The model for soil and water conservation for different zones was proposed, and the corresponding method for soil erosion control was analyzed. The main results are as follows:
    1. The causes of soil erosion loss were analyzed on the basis of the natural conditions, climate, topography, and anthropogenic activities in Keramay;
    2. Erosion type includes wind erosion, water erosion and combined wind and water erosion, which accounts for 67.8% of the total area;
    3. Keramay was divided into 4 zones for soil and water conservation. Models for soil erosion control was proposed according to the soil erosion type and erosion intensity zoning;
    4. According to the natural and water resources conditions, land use were properly allocated and the specific measures for soil and water conservation was proposed;
    5. The pattern of water resources allocation for 2005 and 2015 was proposed, and the water resources development situation was analyzed on the basis of economic development;
    
    
    
    6. The short-term target for soil water erosion control was proposed according to the situation of soil erosion loss and economic development;
    7. According to the soil and water conservation plan and the various measures to be taken, investment and labor input requirement were calculated, and the benefit of soil and water conservation was analyzed.
引文
【1】 崔云鹏,蒋定生.水土保持工程学.陕西人民出版社,1997
    【2】 辛树帜等.中国水土保持概论.农业出版社,1982
    【3】 蒋定生等,黄土高原水土流失与治理模式.中国水利水电出版社,1997
    【4】 朱显谟.黄土高原的形成与整治对策.水土保持通报,1991,11(1):1-8
    【5】 Ahuja, L. R., A. N. Sharpley et al. 1981. The depth of rainfall-runoff-soil interaction as determined by ~(32)p. Water Resour. Res. 17(4):969-974.
    【6】 Ahuja, L.R. 1982. Release of a soluble chemical from soil to runoff. Trans. ASAE 25:948-953,960.
    【7】 Ahuja, L.R., A.N. Sharpley, and O.R. Lehman. 1982. Effect of soil slope and rainfall characteristics on phosphorus in runoff. J.Environ.Qual. 11:9-13.
    【8】 胡志林,钟骏平主编.土壤学及新疆土壤[M].新疆科技卫生出版社,1993.4
    【9】 新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅编.新疆灌溉[M].新疆人民出版社,1993.5
    【10】 Baker, J.L., J.M. Laflen, and R.O. Hartwig. 1982. Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans. ASAE 11:340-343.
    【11】 Baker, J.L. and J.M. Laflen. 1982. Effects of corn residue and fertilizer management on soluble nutrient runoff losses. Trans. ASAE 11:344-348.
    
    
    【12】 Donigian, A.S., Jr., D.C. Beyerlein, H.H. Davis, and N.H. Crawford. 1977. Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model Version Ⅱ: Refinement and Testing. EPA 600/3-77-098. Environmental Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 293pp.
    【13】 沈晋,王文焰,沈冰等著.动力水文试验研究[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1991年7月,98~131
    【14】 同延安,王全九编.土壤-植物-大气连续体系中水运移理论与方法[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1998.6,22~56
    【15】 刘秉正,吴发启.土壤侵蚀.陕西人民出版社,1997
    【16】 Ginting, D., J.F. Moncrief, S.C. Gupta, and S.D. Evans. 1998. Interaction between manure and tillage system on phosphorus uptake and runoff losses. J. Environ. Qual. 27:1403-1410.
    【17】 Schreiber, J.D. 1999. Nutrient leaching from corn residues under simulating rainfall. J. Environ. Qual. 28:1864-1870.
    【18】 Sharpley, A.N. 1985. Depth of surface soil-runoff interaction as affected by rainfall, soil slope, and management. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45:1010-1015.
    【19】 张殿发.西部地区退耕还林急需解决的问题及建议[J].中国水保持,2001(3).
    【20】 许志方.印度尼西亚作物的瓶灌系统[J].节水灌溉,1999,(4)
    【21】 Snyder, J.K., and D. A. Woolhiser. 1985. Effects of infiltration on chemical transport into overland flow. Trans. ASAE 28:1450-1457.
    【22】 Thompson, A.L., and L.G. James. 1985. Water droplet impact and its effect on infiltration. Trans. ASAE 28:1506-1510.
    【23】 Zhang, X.C., L.D. Norton and M. Hickman. 1997. Rain pattern and soil moisture content effects on atrazine and metolachlor losses in
    
    runoff. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1539-1547.
    【24】 张蔚榛.农业灌溉节水问题[J].灌溉排水,1999增刊:10~17
    【25】 朱祖祥主编.土壤学(上册)[M].农业出版社,1983.5
    【26】 钱正英主编.中国水利[M].水利电力出版社,1991.3
    【27】 新疆生产建设兵团科学技术委员会,新疆绿洲农田“三化”根治与农林牧复合生态系统建设,2000.4
    【28】 雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].清华大学出版社,1988.10
    【29】 William A.Jury, Simulation of solute transport using a transfer function model. Water Resour. Res., Vol.18, No.2, 363~368,1982
    【30】 杨文治,邵明安.黄土高原土壤水分的研究[M].科学出版社,2000.10,173~196
    【31】 邵明安,黄明斌.土-根系统水动力学[M].陕西科学技术出版社,2000.11,126~127
    【32】 Gardner, W.R., D.Hillel, and Y.Benyamini, Post-irrigation movement of soil water, 1. Redistribution, Water Resour. Res., 6851~861,1970
    【33】 A. Poulovassilis. The influence of the initial water content on the redistribution of soil water after infiltration. Soil Sci. vol. 135, No. 5, 275~281, 1983
    【34】 杨金忠,蔡树英.土壤中水、汽、热运动的耦合模型和蒸发模拟[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1989,22(4):35~43
    【35】 张瑜芳,沈荣开,任理.田间覆盖保墒技术措施的应用与研究[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):341~347
    【36】 罗家雄等编著.新疆垦区盐碱地改良[M].水利电力出版社,1985.4,33~39
    【37】 田凤邻等.大凌河流域水土保持生态建设研究.东北水利水电,
    
    2003(3):40-43
    【38】 彭柯珊.水土流失对经济发展冲击分析.重庆大学学报,2002(9):67-71
    【39】 郭廷辅.陕西省水土保持生态环境建设调研报告[J].中国水土保持,2001,(9)
    【40】 李云虎等.塑料袋节水渗灌技术在干旱山区的应用[J].中国水保持,2000,(12)
    【41】 陈正达等.新疆伊犁哈萨克州水土流失现状及防治对策[J].水土保持科技情报,2003,(2)
    【42】 杨建新等.新疆土壤侵蚀遥感图像解译分析研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,(2)
    【43】 洪传勋,邱胜彬等.山前冲积河流河道整治探讨[J].水土保持研究,2003,(2)
    【44】 蒋学玮等.新疆南疆绿洲区土壤风蚀现状及其防治[J].水土保持通报,2003,(1)
    【45】 钱亦兵等.克拉玛依农业开发区土壤理化性状及其可持续发展利用[J].水土保持学报,2003,(1)
    【46】 李云虎等.塑料袋节水渗灌技术在干旱山区的应用[J].中国水土保持,2000,(12)
    【47】 王庆等.农田防护林在石河子灌区的应用效果研究[J].中国水土保持,2003,(2)
    【48】 曾大林等.关于搞好新疆水土保持工作的几点建议[J].中国水土保持,2002,(12)
    【49】 张江辉,邱胜彬等.新疆水土保持现状及发展探讨[J].水土保持研究,2002,(4)
    【50】 王立洪.新疆水土流失成因分析与防治措施的探讨[J].水土保持研究,2002,(3)
    
    
    【51】 徐立峰,焦宏波等.新疆水土流失及防治对策[J].新疆环境保护,2002,(2)
    【52】 塔义尔·肉孜等.新疆水资源与生态环境建设[J].水土保持研究,2002,(1)
    【53】 赵成义等.荒漠-绿洲边缘区研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,(3)
    【54】 焦锋,张晓萍等.关于新疆水土流失若干问题的探讨[J].干旱区研究,2000,(1)
    【55】 蒋小健等.对条田规划问题的探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2003,31(1)
    【56】 谢婷等.干旱区农业生态园策划、规划、设计理念初探—以新疆尉犁县生态园为例[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1)
    【57】 李国民等.人工种植芨芨草和建设国家生态工业(造纸)示范园区[J].纸和造纸,2002,(6)
    【58】 贾宝全等.绿洲景观生态建设的理论思考[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(1)
    【59】 王策等.新疆城镇绿化规划特点初探[J].西北建筑工程学院学报,1992,(2)

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700