渗透性水泥选择性堵水研究
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摘要
渗透性水泥是一种新型的硅酸盐水泥材料。此项技术自提出之日起，就受到了石油工业各界的普遍关注。它可广泛应用于石油工业的各个领域，比如固井、防砂、堵水、采油等领域。本论文是利用渗透性水泥和有机选择性凝胶结合起来进行选择性堵水，基本思路是用渗透性水泥来封堵近井水流通道，采用有机选择性凝胶来封堵远井出水孔道。为了导通油流通道，再用热油处理或蒸汽驱替疏通水泥石内部通道。实现油流的自由畅通，同时还因为渗透性水泥的高油湿特性，具有很大的渗透率相选择性。油相渗透率大大高于水相渗透率。既起到堵水的目的，又对油层没有污染。是一种选择性好，渗透率高，强度大，成本低，很有发展前途的选堵材料。
本文通过对天然高分子材料进行改性，合成了GS-5油溶性材料，并和无机材料MD进行共混，制得了提高微细水泥渗透性的增渗外加剂GS-5~e。同时，为了使渗透率进一步的提高，增强增渗剂的使用效果，本文又研制了适合具体施工要求的促渗剂CJW，它主要是一种内部含有毛细管道的纤维状物质，能够增强孔隙与孔隙之间的连通，促进GS-~e对微细水泥石渗透率的进一步改善。能使微细水泥石的油相渗透率和抗压强度分别在0～0.5um~2和4MPa～6MPa内调节，渗透水泥具有良好的相选择渗透性，也就是说对油相有良好的渗透率，而对水相的渗透率极低，达到选择性堵水的目的。本文还运用扫描电镜，能谱分析等手段研究了渗透性水泥胶结物和孔隙结构特性。通过该项研究明确了增加水泥石渗透率的途径，从而为研制更好的作用剂提供了理论依据。为开发研制适用于各种井况的渗透水泥用系列处理剂奠定了基础。
我们还开发了SXN选择性暂堵剂，该溶液在地层中遇到含有CaCl_2的地层水就会就地形成有机凝胶，该凝胶具有良好的堵水性能。当温度在50℃以上，有很好的暂堵和解堵效果。
渗透性水泥选堵技术是一项很有潜力的选堵技术，还需要不断完善。
Permeable cement is a new-style Portland cement material. From the day that the technology was put forward, it was paid attention widely in the many fields of the petroleum industry. Permeable cement can be applied in various field of the petroleum industry such as well cementation, sand control, water shut-off , oil production and so on. This paper makes use of the permeable cement and the organic selectivity gel to block off water selectively. The basic clew is that utilize the permeable cement to block off the near well stream path and the organic selectivity gel to block off the far well water produced pore passage. In order to open the oil stream channels, the hot oil was used or the steam was used to drive and dredge the interior channels of the hardened cement. At the same time, the high oil wetting peculiarity and the great permeable selectivity of the permeable cement are also the reason of achieving the oil stream flowing smoothly. The permeable cement can't damage the oil layer as well as can block off the water , it is a selective water shut off material of good selectivity, high penetration factor, great strength , low cost and good prospect.
This paper synthesized the oil dissolved material GS-5 and mixed with the inorganic material MD to prepare the add-permeability additive GS-5e. At the same time, in order to increasing the penetration factor further and building up the effect of the add-permeability agent, this paper developed the assist-permeability additive CJW which is a fibred-shape material containing the inside capillary tube and which can intensify the connection of the pore to pore and promote the GS-5e to improve the penetration factor of the subtle cement. The permeable cement can adjust the oil penetration factor and the compression strength of the subtle hardened cement in the scope of the 0-0.5um2 and 4MPa-6MPa respectively. The permeable cement has the good phase selective permeability, which is high penetration factor for oil and low penetration factor for water, and reach to the aim of blocking off the water selectively. This paper also used the SEM and energy spectrum analysis to study the peculiarity of the permeable cement adglutinate and the pore structure. Through the study, the way to increase the permeability of the subtle cement is
definite, so supply the theoretic pursuant to studying the better actor and establish the basic to developing the treating compound for the permeable subtle cement which is applied with various well condition.
We also developed the SXN selective temporary blocking agent, they will react to each other and form the organic gel, it has good property of water shutoff, when the temperature is above 50℃, It has good temporary blocking and breaking down effect.
The permeable cement water shutoff is quite a developing potential technology and need to make it perfect.
本文通过对天然高分子材料进行改性，合成了GS-5油溶性材料，并和无机材料MD进行共混，制得了提高微细水泥渗透性的增渗外加剂GS-5~e。同时，为了使渗透率进一步的提高，增强增渗剂的使用效果，本文又研制了适合具体施工要求的促渗剂CJW，它主要是一种内部含有毛细管道的纤维状物质，能够增强孔隙与孔隙之间的连通，促进GS-~e对微细水泥石渗透率的进一步改善。能使微细水泥石的油相渗透率和抗压强度分别在0～0.5um~2和4MPa～6MPa内调节，渗透水泥具有良好的相选择渗透性，也就是说对油相有良好的渗透率，而对水相的渗透率极低，达到选择性堵水的目的。本文还运用扫描电镜，能谱分析等手段研究了渗透性水泥胶结物和孔隙结构特性。通过该项研究明确了增加水泥石渗透率的途径，从而为研制更好的作用剂提供了理论依据。为开发研制适用于各种井况的渗透水泥用系列处理剂奠定了基础。
我们还开发了SXN选择性暂堵剂，该溶液在地层中遇到含有CaCl_2的地层水就会就地形成有机凝胶，该凝胶具有良好的堵水性能。当温度在50℃以上，有很好的暂堵和解堵效果。
渗透性水泥选堵技术是一项很有潜力的选堵技术，还需要不断完善。
Permeable cement is a new-style Portland cement material. From the day that the technology was put forward, it was paid attention widely in the many fields of the petroleum industry. Permeable cement can be applied in various field of the petroleum industry such as well cementation, sand control, water shut-off , oil production and so on. This paper makes use of the permeable cement and the organic selectivity gel to block off water selectively. The basic clew is that utilize the permeable cement to block off the near well stream path and the organic selectivity gel to block off the far well water produced pore passage. In order to open the oil stream channels, the hot oil was used or the steam was used to drive and dredge the interior channels of the hardened cement. At the same time, the high oil wetting peculiarity and the great permeable selectivity of the permeable cement are also the reason of achieving the oil stream flowing smoothly. The permeable cement can't damage the oil layer as well as can block off the water , it is a selective water shut off material of good selectivity, high penetration factor, great strength , low cost and good prospect.
This paper synthesized the oil dissolved material GS-5 and mixed with the inorganic material MD to prepare the add-permeability additive GS-5e. At the same time, in order to increasing the penetration factor further and building up the effect of the add-permeability agent, this paper developed the assist-permeability additive CJW which is a fibred-shape material containing the inside capillary tube and which can intensify the connection of the pore to pore and promote the GS-5e to improve the penetration factor of the subtle cement. The permeable cement can adjust the oil penetration factor and the compression strength of the subtle hardened cement in the scope of the 0-0.5um2 and 4MPa-6MPa respectively. The permeable cement has the good phase selective permeability, which is high penetration factor for oil and low penetration factor for water, and reach to the aim of blocking off the water selectively. This paper also used the SEM and energy spectrum analysis to study the peculiarity of the permeable cement adglutinate and the pore structure. Through the study, the way to increase the permeability of the subtle cement is
definite, so supply the theoretic pursuant to studying the better actor and establish the basic to developing the treating compound for the permeable subtle cement which is applied with various well condition.
We also developed the SXN selective temporary blocking agent, they will react to each other and form the organic gel, it has good property of water shutoff, when the temperature is above 50℃, It has good temporary blocking and breaking down effect.
The permeable cement water shutoff is quite a developing potential technology and need to make it perfect.
引文
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[2] 佟曼丽主编，油田化学，石油大学出版社，1996
[3] 王云峰，张春光，侯万国等，表面活性剂在油气田中的应用，石油工业出版社，1995
[4] 刘鄂翔，’97油田堵水论文集，石油工业出版社，1998
[5] 李朝霞，国外油井控水技术综述，国外油田工程，1997(6)
[6] 郑延成，赵修太，于跃惠，高吸水性聚合物的合成极其堵水性能评价，油田化学，1999；22(5)
[7] 肖翠玲，丁伟，张荣民等，油基超细水泥浆选择性堵剂研究，油田化学，2000；17(1)
[8] 马青庄，胡思厚，张军闯，油基凝胶选堵剂在吉林油田的研究应用，断块油气田，6(4)
[9] 张小平，曾繁涤，罗跃，SD选堵剂的应用研究，钻采工艺，2000；23(4)
[10] 刘崇建，黄柏宗，徐同台等，油气井注水泥理论与应用，石油工业出版社
[11] 郭元强，林燕妮，细集料对砂浆抗渗性能的影响，新型建筑材料，2001年第3期；
[12] 中国石油天然气股份有限公司标准SY5276-91
[13] Water Shutoff by Relative Permeability Modifiers:Lessons from Several Field Applications, SPE 56740
[14] 吴槟蓉，朱其秀，周静，聚合物控水采气原理及方法，油田化学，2000；23(5)
[15] 丁锐，孟凡涛，水基油溶性堵剂室内研究，油田化学，2001，18(2)
[16] 王保记等，平衡压力固井优化设计及实时监测技术，石油工业出版社，1999
[17] 马喜平，油井水泥缓凝剂及缓凝机理，钻采工艺，1995，18(2)
[18] 罗跃，王正良，南国立，JTD堵剂的研制及应用，试井与开采，1999，27(4)
[19] 陈明亮，柳平林，多孔聚合物水泥材料防砂新技术实验研究，油田化
学，1999；22(6)
[20]周祖康，顾惕人，胶体化学基础，北京大学出版社，1987
[21]陈大钧，陈二丁，韩丽娟，用于防砂的渗透性水泥浆体系，钻井液与完井液，2000，17(2)
[22]丁锐，孟凡涛，水基油溶性堵剂室内研究，油田化学，2001，18(2)
[23]张冠伦，混凝土外加剂原理与应用，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[24]马青庄，温淑新，曲小东，新型稠油选择性堵水剂的研究及应用，油气地质与采收率，2002，9(2)
[25]张小平，罗跃，王正良，高渗透地层选择性堵水剂JTD的研制与应用，2001，18(3)
[26]郑延成，赵修太，佘跃惠，高吸水性聚合物的合成及其堵水性能评价，油田化学，1999，22(5)
[27]赵长庆，范正中，刘丽英，超细水泥用于油田堵水技术大庆石油地质与，2002，21(1)
[28]刘大红，刘艳红，吴燕，堵水疏油水泥浆体系的室内研究，西南石油学院学报，2001，23(3)
[29]Vidickb B.Minimizing Risks in High-Temperature High-Perssure cementing: the Quality Assurance Quality controy Approach.SPE23074, 1991
[30]高玉军，马春宝，傅奎仕，高选择性乳化稠油堵水技术，油田化学，1997，14(3)
[31]于昙，利用反相油水乳化液选择性堵水，国外油田工程，2001，17(11)
[32]赵修太，佘跃惠，郑延成，丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰铵交联共聚树脂堵水剂，江汉石油学院学报，1996，17(1)
[33]王佩华，泡沫调剖堵水技术综述，油田化学，2000，23(2)
[34]尚志国，苏国，董玉杰，泡沫凝胶选择性堵剂的研制与应用，油田化学，2000，23(1)
[35]蔡会武，李侃社，赵林，高吸水性树脂用作油井堵水剂的初步研究，油田化学，2000，17(3)
[36]缪明富 马卫 郭建平，油井水泥外加剂现状与发展，钻采工艺，1999，22(3)
[37] 钻井液与完井液的组分与性能，石油工业出版社，1994，
[38] 杜灿烃，史凤琴，杜培敏，用泡沫转向酸进行酸化施工的现场操作经验，国外油田工程，2000．5
[39] 扬金华等译，地层伤害的控制，第九届SPE油层保护论文集
[40] 王任芳，李克华，戴彩丽，油田堵水剂及其新发展，钻采工艺，1998，21(4)
[41] Vidickb B.Minimizing Risks in High-Temperature High-Perssure cementing: the Quality Assurance Quality controy Approach.SPE23074, 1991
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