井组示踪剂产出曲线解释方法研究
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摘要
我国大部分注水开发油田已处于开发后期,油井含水高达90%以上。由于注入水的长期冲刷,油藏注采井间形成了优势通道,使得注入水在注水井和生产井之间短路流动,造成注水低效、甚至无效循环,大大降低了注入水的波及效率。要想开展措施来提高注入流体的波及效率,实现提高油田采收率的目的,认识油藏的非均质性就变得极为重要。示踪剂测试技术便是一种认识油藏非均质性的技术。
本文在总结现有示踪剂产出曲线解释方法的基础上,提出了井组示踪剂产出曲线的解释方法:井组示踪剂产出曲线的综合解释法和耦合解释法。前者建立以一口注入井对应多井多条产出曲线的组合数学模型,并利用遗传算法进行了求解,同时得到一个井组内各井高渗透层的渗透率、厚度、孔道半径等参数,避免了以往求解时参数不协调以及利用最小二乘法求偏导数困难的问题;后者改进了示踪剂产出曲线的数值解释法,假设整个油藏由常规储层和由于注水开发形成的高渗透条带两种介质组成,利用数学统计方法随机生成注采井间的高渗透条带,分别对两种介质建立数学模型,将求得的两浓度耦合得到生产井示踪剂的产出浓度,利用遗传算法求解,可得到高渗透条带的渗透率、厚度等参数,以及常规储层内的压力、饱和度分布,避免了常规数值模拟繁琐的调参过程。
在以上理论的基础上,研制了井组示踪剂产出曲线的综合解释和耦合解释软件,并利用该软件对实际井组的示踪剂产出曲线进行了解释分析,两种方法得到的结果基本一致,可以相互验证和补充。
Most of the water-flood reservoirs have been in the late development stage, of which the water cut is more than 90%. Dominant channels may formulate after long-term water flooding, which will contribute to the inefficiency of injected water circulation and lower sweep efficiency, so that the utilization of the injected water is seriously affected. To achieve the ultimate objective of improving oil recovery by carrying out measures which will advance the sweep efficiency of injected fluid, it has become extremely important to identify the heterogeneity of reservoirs. As one of the most common methods used in oil fields, tracer testing technology has played a more and more important role in characterizing reservoir heterogeneity.
Based on the description of the existing interpretation methods of tracer production curves, the well group tracer production curve interpretation methods are established in this paper: combination interpretation model and allegiance interpretation method for well-group tracer production curves. A combination mathematical model, one injection well is related to multiple wells and production curves, is established in the former. As it is disharmonious for the parameters and difficult to obtain partial derivative by last square fitting method, genetic algorithm is used to match the production curves to avoid this intricate problem. And parameters of dominant channels can be got for every well at the same time. The numerical methord for tracer production curve is improved in the latter. The reservoir is assumed to be composed of two media: the normal formation and the high permeability zone which is formed for the water injection. High permeability zones are generated randomly between the injector and the producer by statistical methods. Two mathematical models are established and solved for the two formations, respectively. The tracer concentration of production well is obtained by weighting the two concentrations according to water production. The cumbersome process of parameter adjustment is eliminated by genetic algorithm. The parameters like permeability, thickness of dominant channels and the distribution of pressure and saturattion can be obtained.
Based on these theories, the well group tracer production curve interpretation program is developed, which is used to explain a well group tracer production curve.
本文在总结现有示踪剂产出曲线解释方法的基础上,提出了井组示踪剂产出曲线的解释方法:井组示踪剂产出曲线的综合解释法和耦合解释法。前者建立以一口注入井对应多井多条产出曲线的组合数学模型,并利用遗传算法进行了求解,同时得到一个井组内各井高渗透层的渗透率、厚度、孔道半径等参数,避免了以往求解时参数不协调以及利用最小二乘法求偏导数困难的问题;后者改进了示踪剂产出曲线的数值解释法,假设整个油藏由常规储层和由于注水开发形成的高渗透条带两种介质组成,利用数学统计方法随机生成注采井间的高渗透条带,分别对两种介质建立数学模型,将求得的两浓度耦合得到生产井示踪剂的产出浓度,利用遗传算法求解,可得到高渗透条带的渗透率、厚度等参数,以及常规储层内的压力、饱和度分布,避免了常规数值模拟繁琐的调参过程。
在以上理论的基础上,研制了井组示踪剂产出曲线的综合解释和耦合解释软件,并利用该软件对实际井组的示踪剂产出曲线进行了解释分析,两种方法得到的结果基本一致,可以相互验证和补充。
Most of the water-flood reservoirs have been in the late development stage, of which the water cut is more than 90%. Dominant channels may formulate after long-term water flooding, which will contribute to the inefficiency of injected water circulation and lower sweep efficiency, so that the utilization of the injected water is seriously affected. To achieve the ultimate objective of improving oil recovery by carrying out measures which will advance the sweep efficiency of injected fluid, it has become extremely important to identify the heterogeneity of reservoirs. As one of the most common methods used in oil fields, tracer testing technology has played a more and more important role in characterizing reservoir heterogeneity.
Based on the description of the existing interpretation methods of tracer production curves, the well group tracer production curve interpretation methods are established in this paper: combination interpretation model and allegiance interpretation method for well-group tracer production curves. A combination mathematical model, one injection well is related to multiple wells and production curves, is established in the former. As it is disharmonious for the parameters and difficult to obtain partial derivative by last square fitting method, genetic algorithm is used to match the production curves to avoid this intricate problem. And parameters of dominant channels can be got for every well at the same time. The numerical methord for tracer production curve is improved in the latter. The reservoir is assumed to be composed of two media: the normal formation and the high permeability zone which is formed for the water injection. High permeability zones are generated randomly between the injector and the producer by statistical methods. Two mathematical models are established and solved for the two formations, respectively. The tracer concentration of production well is obtained by weighting the two concentrations according to water production. The cumbersome process of parameter adjustment is eliminated by genetic algorithm. The parameters like permeability, thickness of dominant channels and the distribution of pressure and saturattion can be obtained.
Based on these theories, the well group tracer production curve interpretation program is developed, which is used to explain a well group tracer production curve.
引文
[1]陈月明,姜汉桥,李淑霞.井间示踪剂监测技术在油藏非均质性描述中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(增刊)
[2]张士奇,卢炳俊,张美玲,等.水淹层大孔道存在的分析与识别[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):76-79
[3]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社.2006:182-182
[4]赵福麟.EOR原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006
[5]姜汉桥,刘同敬.示踪剂测试原理与矿场实践[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:45-45
[6]雷军.井间示踪技术浅谈[J].油气地面工程,2004,23(6):55-55
[7]张培信.油田井间示踪测试技术进展[J].国外测井技术,2005,20(6):47-48
[8]刘同敬,张新红,姜汉桥,等.井间示踪剂测试技术新进展[J].同位素,2007,20(3):189-192
[9]于瑞香等.油田示踪剂技术[J].工业水处理,2007,27(8)
[10]杨士荣,刘同敬.微量物质井间示踪测试技术简介[J].测井技术.2007,31(5):408-412
[11]Brigham W E,Reed P W,Dew J N.Experiment on Mixing During Miscible Displacement in Porous Media.SPE1430-G
[12]Smith D H,W E Brigham.Field Evaluation of Waterflood Tracers in a Five Spot.API,1965(3)
[13]W E Brigham,Smith D H.Prediction of Tracer Behavior in Five-Spot Flow.SPE1130
[14]Cook Jr.Method of Determining Fluid Saturation in Reservoir.U.S. Patent,3590923,1971
[15]Maghsood Abbaszadeh-Dehghani,W.E. Brigham.Analysis of Well-to-Well Tracer Flow to Determine Reservoir Layering.SPE10760
[16]Tang J S, Wood K N,Taylor HG.Method for Determining Residual Oil Saturation of a Watered-Out Reservoir.CAP608779,1989
[17]Gelhar L. W, Axness C. L.Three-Dimensional Stochastic Analysis of Macro-dispersion in Aquifers.Water Resources Res,1978,14(2);161-180
[18] Akhil Datta Gupta,Lake L. W,Pope GA,et al.A Type-Curve Approach to AnalyzingTwo-Well Tracer Tests.1992,SPE 24139
[19]Ghori S. G.,Heller, J. P..The Use of Well-to-Well tracer Tests to Determine Geostatistical Parameters of Permeability.1992,SPE24138
[20]Naji Saad,Kalkomey C. T..Ranking Geostatistical Models Using Tracer Production Data.1996,SPE35494
[21]M.A.Vilela,R. Mengual.Water and gas tracers at El Furrial field.1999,SPE53737
[22]E. Ali, T. Aurdal, J. Muller.Tracer Simulation to Improve the Reservoir Model in the Snorre Field.2000,SPE64796
[23]J.M. Guevara-Jordan . A Fast Method for Computing Tracer Flow in Oil Reservoirs.2003,SPE81153
[24]牛栓文,赵晓燕,俞萍.分层示踪剂测试技术在合采合注油藏开发中的应用[J].测井技术.2005,29(4):376-378
[25]王作颖,张培信,高媛.同位素示踪剂在油田蒸汽驱井间示踪测试中的应用[J].同位素,2000,13(1):18-21
[26]梁开方,安炳生,张勇,等.示踪剂检测技术的研究与应用[J].油气采收率技术,1995,2(1):54-63
[27]冯宝峻,杜兴家,于财.井间示踪技术在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1996,15(3):49-52
[28]冯宝峻.单井化学示踪测试确定原始含水饱和度技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(5):69-71
[29]史丽华.微量物质井间示踪技术在识别油层大孔道中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):130-132
[30]王潜,邸婷婷,齐海鹰,等.井间示踪监测技术在科尔沁油田包26-30井组的应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2001.23(6):74-76
[31]张新红,刘同敬,张培信,等.塔里木油田井间示踪测试综合解释[J].同位素,2005,18(1-2):9-14
[32]姜瑞忠,姜汉桥,杨双虎.多种示踪剂井间分析技术[J].石油学报,1996,7(3):86-91
[33]李爱芬,秦积舜,李宁.测定井间示踪剂扩散系数的方法研究.油气采收率技术,1997,4(2):59-64
[34]李淑霞,陈月明.井间示踪剂测试的数值模拟方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(3):43-45
[32]李淑霞,陈月明,冯其红,等.用井间示踪剂确定剩余油饱和度的方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2):73-75
[36]张毅,姜瑞忠,郑小权.井间示踪剂分析技术[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):76-78
[37]李淑霞,陈月明.示踪剂产出曲线的形态特征[J] .油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):66-67
[38]冯其红,李淑霞.井间示踪剂产出曲线自动拟合方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):121-125
[39]张善杰,冯向东.井间示踪测试中示踪剂用量计算方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(4):48-50
[40]陈耀武,冯其红,陈月明,等.井组示踪剂产出曲线组合解释方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(4):74-77
[41]谢佳析,刘枯,程柏青,等.井间示踪技术在砂岩及碳酸岩缝洞型油藏的应用研究[J].测井技术,2008,32(3):272-276
[42]李小波,彭小龙,史英,等.井间示踪剂测试在缝洞型油藏的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(6):271-274
[43]郭文敏,刘同敬,姚友龙,等.聚驱井含水率特征曲线在示踪剂综合解释技术中的应用[J].同位素,2009,22(4):226-229
[44]Brigham W. E.,Maghsood Abbaszadeh-Dehaghani.Tracer Testing for Reservoir Description.JPT,1987
[45]吴迪胜.化工基础(第二版)上册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1989:153-153
[46]示踪测试解析模型及其应用研究[D].东南大学,2001
[47]Zemel B.油田示踪技术[M].赵培华等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2005:270-271
[48]宋吉水,王岩楼,廖广志,等.井间示踪技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:63-66
[49]李振涛,王淑玲,张国立.利用遗传模拟退火算法优化神经网络结构[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(26):74-76
[2]张士奇,卢炳俊,张美玲,等.水淹层大孔道存在的分析与识别[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):76-79
[3]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社.2006:182-182
[4]赵福麟.EOR原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006
[5]姜汉桥,刘同敬.示踪剂测试原理与矿场实践[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:45-45
[6]雷军.井间示踪技术浅谈[J].油气地面工程,2004,23(6):55-55
[7]张培信.油田井间示踪测试技术进展[J].国外测井技术,2005,20(6):47-48
[8]刘同敬,张新红,姜汉桥,等.井间示踪剂测试技术新进展[J].同位素,2007,20(3):189-192
[9]于瑞香等.油田示踪剂技术[J].工业水处理,2007,27(8)
[10]杨士荣,刘同敬.微量物质井间示踪测试技术简介[J].测井技术.2007,31(5):408-412
[11]Brigham W E,Reed P W,Dew J N.Experiment on Mixing During Miscible Displacement in Porous Media.SPE1430-G
[12]Smith D H,W E Brigham.Field Evaluation of Waterflood Tracers in a Five Spot.API,1965(3)
[13]W E Brigham,Smith D H.Prediction of Tracer Behavior in Five-Spot Flow.SPE1130
[14]Cook Jr.Method of Determining Fluid Saturation in Reservoir.U.S. Patent,3590923,1971
[15]Maghsood Abbaszadeh-Dehghani,W.E. Brigham.Analysis of Well-to-Well Tracer Flow to Determine Reservoir Layering.SPE10760
[16]Tang J S, Wood K N,Taylor HG.Method for Determining Residual Oil Saturation of a Watered-Out Reservoir.CAP608779,1989
[17]Gelhar L. W, Axness C. L.Three-Dimensional Stochastic Analysis of Macro-dispersion in Aquifers.Water Resources Res,1978,14(2);161-180
[18] Akhil Datta Gupta,Lake L. W,Pope GA,et al.A Type-Curve Approach to AnalyzingTwo-Well Tracer Tests.1992,SPE 24139
[19]Ghori S. G.,Heller, J. P..The Use of Well-to-Well tracer Tests to Determine Geostatistical Parameters of Permeability.1992,SPE24138
[20]Naji Saad,Kalkomey C. T..Ranking Geostatistical Models Using Tracer Production Data.1996,SPE35494
[21]M.A.Vilela,R. Mengual.Water and gas tracers at El Furrial field.1999,SPE53737
[22]E. Ali, T. Aurdal, J. Muller.Tracer Simulation to Improve the Reservoir Model in the Snorre Field.2000,SPE64796
[23]J.M. Guevara-Jordan . A Fast Method for Computing Tracer Flow in Oil Reservoirs.2003,SPE81153
[24]牛栓文,赵晓燕,俞萍.分层示踪剂测试技术在合采合注油藏开发中的应用[J].测井技术.2005,29(4):376-378
[25]王作颖,张培信,高媛.同位素示踪剂在油田蒸汽驱井间示踪测试中的应用[J].同位素,2000,13(1):18-21
[26]梁开方,安炳生,张勇,等.示踪剂检测技术的研究与应用[J].油气采收率技术,1995,2(1):54-63
[27]冯宝峻,杜兴家,于财.井间示踪技术在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1996,15(3):49-52
[28]冯宝峻.单井化学示踪测试确定原始含水饱和度技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(5):69-71
[29]史丽华.微量物质井间示踪技术在识别油层大孔道中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):130-132
[30]王潜,邸婷婷,齐海鹰,等.井间示踪监测技术在科尔沁油田包26-30井组的应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2001.23(6):74-76
[31]张新红,刘同敬,张培信,等.塔里木油田井间示踪测试综合解释[J].同位素,2005,18(1-2):9-14
[32]姜瑞忠,姜汉桥,杨双虎.多种示踪剂井间分析技术[J].石油学报,1996,7(3):86-91
[33]李爱芬,秦积舜,李宁.测定井间示踪剂扩散系数的方法研究.油气采收率技术,1997,4(2):59-64
[34]李淑霞,陈月明.井间示踪剂测试的数值模拟方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(3):43-45
[32]李淑霞,陈月明,冯其红,等.用井间示踪剂确定剩余油饱和度的方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2):73-75
[36]张毅,姜瑞忠,郑小权.井间示踪剂分析技术[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):76-78
[37]李淑霞,陈月明.示踪剂产出曲线的形态特征[J] .油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):66-67
[38]冯其红,李淑霞.井间示踪剂产出曲线自动拟合方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):121-125
[39]张善杰,冯向东.井间示踪测试中示踪剂用量计算方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(4):48-50
[40]陈耀武,冯其红,陈月明,等.井组示踪剂产出曲线组合解释方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(4):74-77
[41]谢佳析,刘枯,程柏青,等.井间示踪技术在砂岩及碳酸岩缝洞型油藏的应用研究[J].测井技术,2008,32(3):272-276
[42]李小波,彭小龙,史英,等.井间示踪剂测试在缝洞型油藏的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(6):271-274
[43]郭文敏,刘同敬,姚友龙,等.聚驱井含水率特征曲线在示踪剂综合解释技术中的应用[J].同位素,2009,22(4):226-229
[44]Brigham W. E.,Maghsood Abbaszadeh-Dehaghani.Tracer Testing for Reservoir Description.JPT,1987
[45]吴迪胜.化工基础(第二版)上册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1989:153-153
[46]示踪测试解析模型及其应用研究[D].东南大学,2001
[47]Zemel B.油田示踪技术[M].赵培华等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2005:270-271
[48]宋吉水,王岩楼,廖广志,等.井间示踪技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:63-66
[49]李振涛,王淑玲,张国立.利用遗传模拟退火算法优化神经网络结构[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(26):74-76