烷基芳基磺酸盐的合成及其界面性能研究
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摘要
目前,国内油田矿场试验表面活性剂主要靠进口,价格比较昂贵;国内对驱油剂的研究主要集中在石油磺酸盐、重烷基苯磺酸盐等混合物上,这些产品主要来自石油馏分及洗涤剂行业的副产物,产品质量极不稳定,难以达到稳定高效的驱油效果,同时还存在着主要作用成分不清楚等问题。因此开发原料组分清楚、产品稳定的廉价高效的驱油用表面活性剂具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。
研究了离子液体催化苯与烯烃的烷基化,考察了反应条件对烷基化反应的影响。在适宜的反应条件下,烯烃的转化率可以达到100%,单烷基苯的选择性也可以高达95%以上。基于离子液体的可调变性,合成了含有不同阴阳离子的离子液体,研究了离子液体组成和催化性能的关系。结果表明,离子液体的阴离子对离子液体的催化性能和物理性能影响显著;阳离子主要对离子液体的物理性能有一定的影响,对催化性能影响很小。考察了离子液体催化甲苯与溴代烷的反应,得到较佳的反应条件:甲苯与溴代烷摩尔比N_(rea)为8:1,溶剂用量N_(sol)为4,在40℃条件下,反应10min完成。溴代烷转化率为99.01%,烷基甲基苯的选择性达99.46%。反应物料与离子液体催化剂不互溶而分层,可以通过简单的倾析方法得以分开,产物后处理简单。采用发烟硫酸对合成的系列烷基苯中间体进行磺化。经分酸,中和,除盐得到系列烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,纯度在95%以上。
研究了系列单烷基苯磺酸盐,二烷基苯磺酸盐及烷基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂驱油体系与大庆二厂原油间的动态界面张力。详细地考察了表面活性剂浓度、碱度及盐度对动态界面张力行为的影响。结果表明,动态界面张力值在合适的条件下可以在较长时间内维持超低,动态界面张力在最佳状态时,甚至可以达到10~(-5)mN.m~(-1)。表面活性剂经复配后,可在无碱体系下,获得超低界面张力,并可维持较长时间。
总结了结构和性能关系,认为亲水亲油平衡值是三次采油用表面活性剂选择的关键参数,给出了磺酸盐类表面活性剂选择的亲水亲油值范围,为三次采油用表面活性剂的选择提供了理论依据,尚未见文献发表。
At present,the surfactants for domestic oil field lease test mainly depend on import, cost is very high. Many researches mainly focus on some mixed surfactants, petroleum sulphonates and heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates. I't difficult to satisfy the request for stable and high efficient enhanced oil recovery, now that these products are extremely uncertain, meanwhile, it's difficult to ascertain which product is the effective one. Therefore, to explore the low price and high efficient surfactant for enhanced oil recovery, which are prepared from distinguish clearly materials, has important using and realistic meaning.
The alkylation of benzene with long-chain olefins has been performed in the presence of ionic liquid, the reaction conditions are optimized. It's found 100% conversion and more than 95% selectivity for the desired products, at the optimum conditions, can be achieved. It's found that the anions of ionic liquids determine, to a large extent, the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, but organic cations mainly influence the physical properties, and have a little impact on the catalytic performances. The alkylation of toluene with bromoalkanes has been investigated in ionic liquid. The conditions for the reaction are optimized, and the optimal reaction conditions are: 8:1 for toluene to bromoalkanes, 4:1 for cyclohexane to bromoalkanes at 40°C for 10min. 99.01% conversion of bromoalkanes and 99.46% target product can be obtained. I't easy to separate the products from the ionic liquid. The alkylbenzene and alkylmethylbenzene are sulfonated by using 20% oleum as the sulfonating agent. After separation of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid from sulfuric acid, neutralization and desalting, over 95% purity of desired products are obtained.
The dynamic interfacial tensions(DIT) between crude oil, offered from DaQing Oilfield, and series of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylmethylbenzene sulfonates and alkylmethylnaphthalene sulfonates, flooding systems have been measured. Effect of concentration of surfactants, alkalines and salinity on the DIT behaviors are investigated. It's found that under the seemly conditions, DIT can reach and maintain ultralow at a long time, and even to reach 10~(-5) mN.m~(-1) at the optimum conditions. Long time ultralow DIT behavior has been got without alkalines in the mixed surfactants.
The relationsip between the structure and properties is summarized. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, abbreviated HLB, is considered as the key parameters. The range of sulfonate surfactants suitful for tertiary oil recovery is given, which provide theoretical basis for the selection of surfactant used for tertiary oil recovery. The selection method has not been reported in the literature.
研究了离子液体催化苯与烯烃的烷基化,考察了反应条件对烷基化反应的影响。在适宜的反应条件下,烯烃的转化率可以达到100%,单烷基苯的选择性也可以高达95%以上。基于离子液体的可调变性,合成了含有不同阴阳离子的离子液体,研究了离子液体组成和催化性能的关系。结果表明,离子液体的阴离子对离子液体的催化性能和物理性能影响显著;阳离子主要对离子液体的物理性能有一定的影响,对催化性能影响很小。考察了离子液体催化甲苯与溴代烷的反应,得到较佳的反应条件:甲苯与溴代烷摩尔比N_(rea)为8:1,溶剂用量N_(sol)为4,在40℃条件下,反应10min完成。溴代烷转化率为99.01%,烷基甲基苯的选择性达99.46%。反应物料与离子液体催化剂不互溶而分层,可以通过简单的倾析方法得以分开,产物后处理简单。采用发烟硫酸对合成的系列烷基苯中间体进行磺化。经分酸,中和,除盐得到系列烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,纯度在95%以上。
研究了系列单烷基苯磺酸盐,二烷基苯磺酸盐及烷基甲基萘磺酸盐表面活性剂驱油体系与大庆二厂原油间的动态界面张力。详细地考察了表面活性剂浓度、碱度及盐度对动态界面张力行为的影响。结果表明,动态界面张力值在合适的条件下可以在较长时间内维持超低,动态界面张力在最佳状态时,甚至可以达到10~(-5)mN.m~(-1)。表面活性剂经复配后,可在无碱体系下,获得超低界面张力,并可维持较长时间。
总结了结构和性能关系,认为亲水亲油平衡值是三次采油用表面活性剂选择的关键参数,给出了磺酸盐类表面活性剂选择的亲水亲油值范围,为三次采油用表面活性剂的选择提供了理论依据,尚未见文献发表。
At present,the surfactants for domestic oil field lease test mainly depend on import, cost is very high. Many researches mainly focus on some mixed surfactants, petroleum sulphonates and heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates. I't difficult to satisfy the request for stable and high efficient enhanced oil recovery, now that these products are extremely uncertain, meanwhile, it's difficult to ascertain which product is the effective one. Therefore, to explore the low price and high efficient surfactant for enhanced oil recovery, which are prepared from distinguish clearly materials, has important using and realistic meaning.
The alkylation of benzene with long-chain olefins has been performed in the presence of ionic liquid, the reaction conditions are optimized. It's found 100% conversion and more than 95% selectivity for the desired products, at the optimum conditions, can be achieved. It's found that the anions of ionic liquids determine, to a large extent, the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, but organic cations mainly influence the physical properties, and have a little impact on the catalytic performances. The alkylation of toluene with bromoalkanes has been investigated in ionic liquid. The conditions for the reaction are optimized, and the optimal reaction conditions are: 8:1 for toluene to bromoalkanes, 4:1 for cyclohexane to bromoalkanes at 40°C for 10min. 99.01% conversion of bromoalkanes and 99.46% target product can be obtained. I't easy to separate the products from the ionic liquid. The alkylbenzene and alkylmethylbenzene are sulfonated by using 20% oleum as the sulfonating agent. After separation of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid from sulfuric acid, neutralization and desalting, over 95% purity of desired products are obtained.
The dynamic interfacial tensions(DIT) between crude oil, offered from DaQing Oilfield, and series of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylmethylbenzene sulfonates and alkylmethylnaphthalene sulfonates, flooding systems have been measured. Effect of concentration of surfactants, alkalines and salinity on the DIT behaviors are investigated. It's found that under the seemly conditions, DIT can reach and maintain ultralow at a long time, and even to reach 10~(-5) mN.m~(-1) at the optimum conditions. Long time ultralow DIT behavior has been got without alkalines in the mixed surfactants.
The relationsip between the structure and properties is summarized. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, abbreviated HLB, is considered as the key parameters. The range of sulfonate surfactants suitful for tertiary oil recovery is given, which provide theoretical basis for the selection of surfactant used for tertiary oil recovery. The selection method has not been reported in the literature.
引文
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