桥梁长期健康监测系统集成与设计研究
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摘要
科学而客观地获取桥梁结构特征信号,研判桥梁的健康状态,保证桥梁长期安全运营,对国民经济和社会安全起到至关重要的作用。桥梁长期健康监测系统是解决上述科学问题的主要技术途径和关键。目前由于传感器技术的限制和系统各个组成部分没有有机集成,缺乏可靠的长期监测手段和方法,致使系统缺乏整体性、长期性和实时性,严重影响了系统的可行性和实用性。随着光纤光栅传感技术的突破和其广泛应用,满足了桥梁结构大体积、大尺寸、分布式的多场、多维、多参量的长期测量的需求,表明了光纤光栅传感器在系统监测中具有可行性,可实现桥梁的长期在线实时监测。对该系统的深入研究和实践具有重大的研究意义和应用推广价值。
本论文是在导师的悉心指导下,从光纤光栅传感技术和计算机应用技术的基础理论、基本实验、工程应用上研究了用于重大桥梁结构的光纤传感网络和基于计算集群与存域网的系统集成技术,保证了桥梁安全多参量的长期实时传感、传输、采集、存储与处理。目的是建立统一的高效、长期在线健康监测系统平台,并实现在重大工程中的应用。
在对国内外桥梁健康监测研究现状深入分析基础上,本文针对大型桥梁的实际需求,利用布设的光纤光栅传感器构建了高性能的光纤光栅传感网络,研究了其网络架构和特点,并设计了网络的采集软件。同时,本文分别从系统硬件、系统软件和数据库系统三个方面进行系统的有机集成,并使系统成功应用在了多座大型桥梁的长期健康监测中。全文主要研究内容包括以下几个部分：
1.基于多品种、大容量的光纤光栅传感器,分别详细研究了其在系统中的应用方法和监测目的,并基于现场安装的光纤光栅传感器构建了大型桥梁长期健康监测系统的光纤光栅传感网络。研究了光纤光栅传感网络的组成结构、组成网络的传感器选择方法、光纤布线方式、网络架构及其特点。
2.研究了光纤光栅传感网络监测的多线程数据采集软件,详细设计了其软件的设计流程。根据在系统中应用的监测传感器,详细给出了光纤光栅传感器软件采集的波长换算成实际物理量的计算公式。并利用了无线传输网络,实现了波长数据和物理量的无线远程传输。
3.集成了一个光纤光栅传感网络和电类传感器分布式网络的统一桥梁长期健康监测系统平台。电类分布式传感网络在现场配置采集站,采用冗余光纤网将其数据传输到中央数据库。并利用系统时钟同步技术,保证了各采集单元的数据同步性。针对监测网络长期在线所获取的海量数据存储和分析处理,系统采用了高性能的计算集群和存域网技术,保证了系统的长期实时在线存储和处理数据。桥梁健康监测系统网络通信采用了光纤自愈环网,实现了网络的自诊断功能,保证了系统的长期可靠性。
4.设计了桥梁长期健康监测的软件结构、流程和架构特点。各个功能软件通过动态链接库调用的方式进行相互之间的无缝集成,实现了模块间的相互协同工作。并探讨了软件设计中的难点及解决方法。同时,根据采集和计算的不同数据类别分别设计了相应的数据库表。通过研究嵌入式数据库和关系数据库的互融性,实现了统一的数据库,保证了整个系统数据存储的完整性和数据的集中调度。
5.以武汉长江二桥为工程实例,构建了长期健康监测系统。实现了光纤光栅传感网络和软件系统的设计。通过分析系统采集和处理的数据,验证了系统集成的高效性、长期性和在线性。
It plays a very important role for the national economy and the social security to gain bridge structure characteristic signal scientifically, to evaluate the bridge health condition and to guarantee long-term safe operation. The bridge long-term health monitoring system (BHMS) is a major technique and a key issue to solve the above scientific questions. At present as a result of sensing technology limit, each constituent of the system does not have effective integration, and the system is lack of integrity, long-term and real-time monitoring. This seriously influences its feasibility and application. Along with the breakthrough of the fiber grating sensing technology and its widespread application, it has satisfied the demand of the bridge structure monitoring with great volume, great size, multi-dimensional, multi-parameter in distributed long-term. That indicates the fiber grating sensors have the feasibility in the system monitoring. So BHMS is possible for online long-term monitor. It has meaningful research significance and the application prospective.
With basic theory and experiment, project application of the fiber optical technology and the computer technology, this paper studied the fiber optical sensing network and system integration technology for the BMHS based on computing cluster and storage attach network. This will guarantee the bridge multi-parameter, long-term, real-time sensing, transmission, storage and processing. The goal is to establish BHMS in high effective and long-term online monitoring, and to find application in the important engineering construction.
By investigation and analysis of BHMS in the domestic and foreign cases, with the actual demand of the large bridge, this paper constructed the high performance fiber grating sensing network using the fiber grating sensor, studied its network construction and the characteristic, and designed the network gathering software. Meanwhile, this paper proposed from three aspects of system hardware, software and database to promote system organic integration, and generate its successful application in many BHMS. The research contents of this full paper include the following several parts:
1. Based on the multi-varieties and the large capacity fiber grating sensors, this paper reviewed their application methods and the monitoring goal in the system, and constructed fiber grating sensing network based on field installation of fiber grating sensors for the BHMS. This paper proposed the fiber grating sensing network compsition structure, the sensors choice method in the network, the fiber optical wiring way, the network skeleton and its characterization.
2. This paper studied data acquisition software for the fiber grating sensing network monitor by multi-thread technology, and designed its software flow in details. According to the system applicated monitoring sensors, this paper proposed the formula which was used to convert the wave length to the actual physical quantity in detail. With the wireless network, it realized wireless long-distance transmission for the wave length data and the physical quantity.
3. This paper integrated a fiber grating sensing network and the electric sensor distribution network to a whole BHMS platform. The electric sensors were installed at the local gathering station. It used the redundant optical fiber network to transmit the data to the central database, and with the system clock synchronization technology, the system used the high performance computation cluster and storage attach network technology to guarantee the data storage and the processing for long-term and real-time online monitoring. The BHMS network communication used the optical fiber self-recovery ring to realize the network self-diagnosis function in order to guarantee long-term reliability of the system.
4. This paper designed the software architecture, the flow and the construction characteristic for the long-term BHMS. It proposed the software call each other through the dynamic link library to seamlessly integrate the software subsystem to make the module mutually collaborative work. And it discussed in the software design difficulty and their solutions. At the same time, this paper designed the corresponding database tables separately according to gathering and the relational database melt mutually, it built the integrated database to guarantee the overall system data storage integrity and the data centralized dispatching.
5. This paper took Wuhan Yangtze 2nd River as a project example to construct the BHMS. It realized the design of the fiber sensing network and software system. By analyzing the data of the system gathering and processing, validated the integrated system with high effective, the long-term characteristic and online monitoring.
本论文是在导师的悉心指导下,从光纤光栅传感技术和计算机应用技术的基础理论、基本实验、工程应用上研究了用于重大桥梁结构的光纤传感网络和基于计算集群与存域网的系统集成技术,保证了桥梁安全多参量的长期实时传感、传输、采集、存储与处理。目的是建立统一的高效、长期在线健康监测系统平台,并实现在重大工程中的应用。
在对国内外桥梁健康监测研究现状深入分析基础上,本文针对大型桥梁的实际需求,利用布设的光纤光栅传感器构建了高性能的光纤光栅传感网络,研究了其网络架构和特点,并设计了网络的采集软件。同时,本文分别从系统硬件、系统软件和数据库系统三个方面进行系统的有机集成,并使系统成功应用在了多座大型桥梁的长期健康监测中。全文主要研究内容包括以下几个部分：
1.基于多品种、大容量的光纤光栅传感器,分别详细研究了其在系统中的应用方法和监测目的,并基于现场安装的光纤光栅传感器构建了大型桥梁长期健康监测系统的光纤光栅传感网络。研究了光纤光栅传感网络的组成结构、组成网络的传感器选择方法、光纤布线方式、网络架构及其特点。
2.研究了光纤光栅传感网络监测的多线程数据采集软件,详细设计了其软件的设计流程。根据在系统中应用的监测传感器,详细给出了光纤光栅传感器软件采集的波长换算成实际物理量的计算公式。并利用了无线传输网络,实现了波长数据和物理量的无线远程传输。
3.集成了一个光纤光栅传感网络和电类传感器分布式网络的统一桥梁长期健康监测系统平台。电类分布式传感网络在现场配置采集站,采用冗余光纤网将其数据传输到中央数据库。并利用系统时钟同步技术,保证了各采集单元的数据同步性。针对监测网络长期在线所获取的海量数据存储和分析处理,系统采用了高性能的计算集群和存域网技术,保证了系统的长期实时在线存储和处理数据。桥梁健康监测系统网络通信采用了光纤自愈环网,实现了网络的自诊断功能,保证了系统的长期可靠性。
4.设计了桥梁长期健康监测的软件结构、流程和架构特点。各个功能软件通过动态链接库调用的方式进行相互之间的无缝集成,实现了模块间的相互协同工作。并探讨了软件设计中的难点及解决方法。同时,根据采集和计算的不同数据类别分别设计了相应的数据库表。通过研究嵌入式数据库和关系数据库的互融性,实现了统一的数据库,保证了整个系统数据存储的完整性和数据的集中调度。
5.以武汉长江二桥为工程实例,构建了长期健康监测系统。实现了光纤光栅传感网络和软件系统的设计。通过分析系统采集和处理的数据,验证了系统集成的高效性、长期性和在线性。
It plays a very important role for the national economy and the social security to gain bridge structure characteristic signal scientifically, to evaluate the bridge health condition and to guarantee long-term safe operation. The bridge long-term health monitoring system (BHMS) is a major technique and a key issue to solve the above scientific questions. At present as a result of sensing technology limit, each constituent of the system does not have effective integration, and the system is lack of integrity, long-term and real-time monitoring. This seriously influences its feasibility and application. Along with the breakthrough of the fiber grating sensing technology and its widespread application, it has satisfied the demand of the bridge structure monitoring with great volume, great size, multi-dimensional, multi-parameter in distributed long-term. That indicates the fiber grating sensors have the feasibility in the system monitoring. So BHMS is possible for online long-term monitor. It has meaningful research significance and the application prospective.
With basic theory and experiment, project application of the fiber optical technology and the computer technology, this paper studied the fiber optical sensing network and system integration technology for the BMHS based on computing cluster and storage attach network. This will guarantee the bridge multi-parameter, long-term, real-time sensing, transmission, storage and processing. The goal is to establish BHMS in high effective and long-term online monitoring, and to find application in the important engineering construction.
By investigation and analysis of BHMS in the domestic and foreign cases, with the actual demand of the large bridge, this paper constructed the high performance fiber grating sensing network using the fiber grating sensor, studied its network construction and the characteristic, and designed the network gathering software. Meanwhile, this paper proposed from three aspects of system hardware, software and database to promote system organic integration, and generate its successful application in many BHMS. The research contents of this full paper include the following several parts:
1. Based on the multi-varieties and the large capacity fiber grating sensors, this paper reviewed their application methods and the monitoring goal in the system, and constructed fiber grating sensing network based on field installation of fiber grating sensors for the BHMS. This paper proposed the fiber grating sensing network compsition structure, the sensors choice method in the network, the fiber optical wiring way, the network skeleton and its characterization.
2. This paper studied data acquisition software for the fiber grating sensing network monitor by multi-thread technology, and designed its software flow in details. According to the system applicated monitoring sensors, this paper proposed the formula which was used to convert the wave length to the actual physical quantity in detail. With the wireless network, it realized wireless long-distance transmission for the wave length data and the physical quantity.
3. This paper integrated a fiber grating sensing network and the electric sensor distribution network to a whole BHMS platform. The electric sensors were installed at the local gathering station. It used the redundant optical fiber network to transmit the data to the central database, and with the system clock synchronization technology, the system used the high performance computation cluster and storage attach network technology to guarantee the data storage and the processing for long-term and real-time online monitoring. The BHMS network communication used the optical fiber self-recovery ring to realize the network self-diagnosis function in order to guarantee long-term reliability of the system.
4. This paper designed the software architecture, the flow and the construction characteristic for the long-term BHMS. It proposed the software call each other through the dynamic link library to seamlessly integrate the software subsystem to make the module mutually collaborative work. And it discussed in the software design difficulty and their solutions. At the same time, this paper designed the corresponding database tables separately according to gathering and the relational database melt mutually, it built the integrated database to guarantee the overall system data storage integrity and the data centralized dispatching.
5. This paper took Wuhan Yangtze 2nd River as a project example to construct the BHMS. It realized the design of the fiber sensing network and software system. By analyzing the data of the system gathering and processing, validated the integrated system with high effective, the long-term characteristic and online monitoring.
引文
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