管道焊区裂纹缺陷的超声导波检测研究
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摘要
管道超声导波损伤检测技术是近年来无损检测领域的研究重点之一。本文根据超声导波在管道中的传播理论,选择合适的传播模态和激励信号形式,利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对分别含有裂纹和焊缝两种缺陷形式的管道进行建模并对超声导波在其中的传播过程进行仿真研究。其中焊缝的表现形式为弹性模量和密度的局部变化。对多种尺寸情况下的回波信号进行处理,得到了检测到的波形与管道局部损伤程度之间的关系,并发掘了超声导波技术在焊缝和裂纹同时存在时缺陷检测的能力。
Defect detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves is one of the top focuses in field of NDE in recent years. Based on the theory of ultrasonic guided waves in pipes, appropriate transmission mode and excitation signal were selected and simulation research in the propagation of guided wave in damaged pipe was dealt with using ANSYS finite element software. Crack and weld were included respectively in the pipe. The kind of weld consisted of the change of elastic modulus and density of some local area in the pipe. After processing the signals from the damage, relations between the signals and the intensity of the damage were finally obtained. This paper explored the ability of detecting crack and weld in one structure.
Defect detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves is one of the top focuses in field of NDE in recent years. Based on the theory of ultrasonic guided waves in pipes, appropriate transmission mode and excitation signal were selected and simulation research in the propagation of guided wave in damaged pipe was dealt with using ANSYS finite element software. Crack and weld were included respectively in the pipe. The kind of weld consisted of the change of elastic modulus and density of some local area in the pipe. After processing the signals from the damage, relations between the signals and the intensity of the damage were finally obtained. This paper explored the ability of detecting crack and weld in one structure.
引文
[1]何宏,李琳,江秀汉.国外管道内腐蚀监测技术进展.焊管,2001,24(3)：27-31
[2]周正干,冯海伟.超声导波检测技术的研究进展.无损检测,2006,28(1)：57~63
[3]赵松龄.管道声学测量技术近十年来的进展.声学技术,1992,11(1,2)：13~16
[4]何存富,吴斌,范晋伟.超声柱面导波技术及其应用研究进展.力学进展,2001,3(2)：203~214
[5]李文.火力发电厂锅炉管道无损检测技术现状和展望.湖北电力,1999,23(2)：58~59
[6]刘镇清,刘骁.超声无损检测的若干新进展.无损检测,2000,22(9)：403~405
[7]赵松龄,盛胜我,殷业.自来水管网声学检漏技术的研究.同济大学学报,1997,25(2)：173~174
[8]王智.超声导波技术及其在管道无损检测中的应用研究：[学位论文]。北京：北京工业大学.2002
[9]马宏伟,杨桂通.结构损伤检测的基本方法和研究进展.力学进展,1999,29(4),
[10]冉启芳.无损检测方法的分类及其特征简介.无损检测,1999,21(2)：75~80
[11]他得安,刘镇清,田光春.超声导波在管材中的传播特性.声学技术,2001,(3)：131-134
[12]刘镇清.超声无损检测技术中的导波技术.无损检测,1999,21(8)：367~375
[13]H. Lamb. On the waves in an Elastic Plate. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1917:293~312
[14]T. C. Lin, G.W. Morgan. A study of axi-symmetric vibrations of cylindrical shells as affected by rotatory inertia and transverse shear. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1956(78):255~261
[15]L. Mirsky, G.Herrmann. Axially symmetric motions of thick cylindrical shells. Journal of Applied Mechanics.1958(80):97~102 [16]G. Herrmann, L.Mirsky. Three-dimensional and shell-theory analysis of axially symmetric motion of cylinders. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1957(78):563~568
[17]R. M. Cooper, P. M. Naghdi. Propagation of non-axial symmetric waves in elastic cylindrical shells. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1957(29):1365~1373
[18]J. Rayleigh. The theory of sound. Vol. I and II. New York:Dover Publications,1945
[19]M. G. Silk, K.P.Bainton. Propagation in metal tubing of ultrasonic wave modes equivalent to lamb waves. Ultrasonics,1979,17(1):11~19
[20]I. A. Victorov. Rayleigh and lamb waves. Plenum Press, New York,1967 [21]D. Alleyne, P. Cawley.A two-dimentional Fourier Transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals. J. Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991,89(3):1159~1168
[22]C. Chree.Longitudinal vibrations of a circular bar. Quarterly Journal of Mathematics.1886,21:287~298
[23]A. Love. A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity New York: Dover Publications.1944
[24]J. Ghosh.Longitudinal vibrations of a hollow cylinder. Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society.1923,24(14):31~40
[25]Denos C.Gazis,.Three-Dimensional investigation of the propagation of waves in hollow circular cylinders. I. Analytical foundation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31 (5):568~573
[26]Denos C. Gazis.Three-Dimensional investigation of the propagation of waves in hollow circular cylinders. II. Numerical results.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31(5):573~578
[27]N.A.Armenakas, D.C.Gazis., G.Herrmann. Free vibrations of circular cylindrical shells. Pergamon Press,Oxford,1969
[28]M. Brook, T. D. K. Bgoc, J. Eder. Ultrasonics inspection of steam generator tubing by chemical guided waves. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,1990,9:243~249
[29]J. J. Ditri, J.L.Rose.Excitation of guided wave modes in hollow cylinders by applied surface tractions. J. Appl. Phys.1992,72(7):2589~2597
[30]M. J. S. Lowe, D. N. Alleyne, P. Cawley. The mode conversion of a guided wave by a part-circumferential notch in a pipe. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1998,65:649~656
[31]C. Aristegui, M. J. S. Lowe, P. Cawley. Guided waves in fluid-filled pipes surrounded by different fluids. Ultrasonics,2001(39):367~375
[32]M. Brook, T. D. K. Bgoc, J. Eder. Ultrasonics inspection of steam generator tubing by chemical guided waves. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,1990,9:243~249
[33]M. J. S. Lowe, D.N.Alleyne, P. Gawley. Defect detection in pipes using guided waves. Ultrasonics,1998(36):147~154
[34]D. N. Alleyne, B. Pavlakovic, M. J. S. Lowe etc. Rapid long-range inspection of chemical plant pipework using guided waves. Insight,2001,43(101):93~96
[35]A. Demma, P. Cawleya, M.Lowe, A. G. Roosenbrand, B. Pavlakovic. The reflection of guided waves from circumferential notches in pipes:a guide for interpreting corrosion measurements.NDT&E Internationa,2004 (37):167~180
[36]M. D. Beard, M. J. S. Lowe. Non-destructive testing of rock bolts using guided ultrasonic wave.International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 2003, (40):527~536
[37]Fei Yan, Jing Mu, Joseph L. Rose. Guided wave propagation in curved pipe-like structures. Review of Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,2008, (27):92~98
[38]A. Demma, P.Cawley.The effect of bends on the propagation of guided waves in pipes. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2005, (217):328~335.
[39]Hideo Nishino, Hideo Cho. Propagation phenomena of wide band guided waves in a bended pipe.Ultrasonics,2006, (44):1139~1143
[40]Hideo Nishino, Kenichi Yoshida, Hideo Cho etc. Propagation phenomena of wideband guided waves in a bended pipe. Ultrasonic,2006:1~5
[41]Takahiro Hayashi, Won-John Song,Joseph L.Rose.Guided wave dispersion curves for a bar with an arbitrary cross-section, a rod and rail example. Ultrasonics 2003, (41):175~183
[42]Takahiro Hayashi, Chiga Tamayama, etc.Wave structure analysis of guided waves in a bar with an arbitrary cross-section. Ultrasonics,2006, (44):17~24
[43]Takahiro Hayashi, Koichiro Kawashima, Zongqi Sun etc. Guided Wave Propagation Mechanics Across a Pipe Elbow. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology.2005,127:322~327
[44]Y. L. Koh, W. K. Chiu, N. Rajic. Effects of local stiffness changes and delamination on Lamb wave transmission using surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers. omposite Structures,2002, (57):437-443
[45]Feng Chen, Paul D. Wilcox. The effect of load on guided wave propagation. Ultrasonics,2007, (47):111~122
[46]Daniel Gsell, Jurg Dual. Non-destructive evaluation of elastic material properties in anisotropic circular cylindrical structures. Ultrasonics,2004, (43):123~132
[47]徐新生,郭杏林,刘凯欣.纵向应力波对裂纹探测研究.河南大学学报,1995,25(2)：7~12
[48]刘镇清.无损检测中的超声兰姆波技术.无损检测,1999,21(9)：409~413
[49]刘镇清.圆管中的超声导波.无损检测,1999,21(12),560~568
[50]徐可北.金属薄板兰姆波检测技术,无损检测,1999,21(10)：461~465
[51]刘镇清.超声无损检测与评价中信号处理及模式识别.无损检测,2001,31(2)：203~214
[52]何存富,吴斌,范晋伟.超声柱面导波技术及其研究应用进展.力学进展,2001,31(2)：203~214
[53]何存富,李隆波,吴斌.周向超声导波在薄壁管道中的传播研究.实验力学.2002,17(4)：419~424
[54]何存富,孙雅欣,王秀彦等.弯管中超声导波传播特性的研究.北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9)：773~777
[55]他得安,刘镇清,田光春.超声导波在管材中的传播特性.声学技术,2000,20(3)：131~134
[56]他得安,黄瑞菊,刘镇清.数值分析方法在超声无损检测的应用.声学技术,2001,23(11)：485~488
[57]JianLi, Joseph L Rose. Natural beam focusing of non-axisymmetric guided waves in large-diameter pipes. Ultrasonics,2006, (44):35~45
[58]A. Gunawan,S.Hirose, Boundary element analysis of guided waves in a bar with an arbitrary cross-section Engineering analysis with boundary elements. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,2005, (29):913~924
[59]Cho, Younho. Estimation of ultrasonics guided wave mode conversion in plate with thickness variation. IEEE Trasaction on Ultrasonics,2000:591~603
[60]Takahiro Hayashi Koichiro Kawashima, etc, Semi-analytical finite element analysis for ultrasonic focusing in a pipe. Review of quantitative non-destructive evaluation,2003, (22):250~255
[61]Ivan Bartoli, Alessandro Marzani. Modeling wave propagation in damped waveguides of arbitrary cross-section. Proceedings of the SPIE,2006 (6177):1~12
[62]R. C. C. Silva, J. N. C. Guerreiro, A study of pipe interacting corrosion defects using the FEM and neural networks。Advances in Engineering Software 2007, (38):868~875
[63]AlessandraFann,Asignal-processing tool for non-destructive testing of inaccessible pipes, Engineering Applications of Articial Intelligence 2006, (19):753~760
[64]Piervincenzo Rizzo,Ivan Bartoli. Defect classification in pipes by neural networks using multiple guided ultrasonic wave features extracted after wavelet processing, Transactions of the ASME,2005, (127):294~303
[65]固体中的超声波,Joseph L. Rose,何存富等译.北京：科学出版社,2004,145~156
[66]M. Gori, S. Giamboni, E. D. Alessio etc. Guided waves by EMAT transducers for rapid defect location on heat exchanger and boiler tubes. Ultrasonics,1996(34):311~314
[67]J. L. Rose, S. P. Pelts, M. J. Quarry. A comb transducer model for guided wave. NDE, untrasonics,1998,36 (1-5):163~169
[68]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.清华大学出版社,1997,1
[69]ANSYS manual
[70]何存富,李隆涛,吴斌.超声导波在管道中传播的数值模拟.北京工业大学学报,2004,30(2)：129~133
[2]周正干,冯海伟.超声导波检测技术的研究进展.无损检测,2006,28(1)：57~63
[3]赵松龄.管道声学测量技术近十年来的进展.声学技术,1992,11(1,2)：13~16
[4]何存富,吴斌,范晋伟.超声柱面导波技术及其应用研究进展.力学进展,2001,3(2)：203~214
[5]李文.火力发电厂锅炉管道无损检测技术现状和展望.湖北电力,1999,23(2)：58~59
[6]刘镇清,刘骁.超声无损检测的若干新进展.无损检测,2000,22(9)：403~405
[7]赵松龄,盛胜我,殷业.自来水管网声学检漏技术的研究.同济大学学报,1997,25(2)：173~174
[8]王智.超声导波技术及其在管道无损检测中的应用研究：[学位论文]。北京：北京工业大学.2002
[9]马宏伟,杨桂通.结构损伤检测的基本方法和研究进展.力学进展,1999,29(4),
[10]冉启芳.无损检测方法的分类及其特征简介.无损检测,1999,21(2)：75~80
[11]他得安,刘镇清,田光春.超声导波在管材中的传播特性.声学技术,2001,(3)：131-134
[12]刘镇清.超声无损检测技术中的导波技术.无损检测,1999,21(8)：367~375
[13]H. Lamb. On the waves in an Elastic Plate. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1917:293~312
[14]T. C. Lin, G.W. Morgan. A study of axi-symmetric vibrations of cylindrical shells as affected by rotatory inertia and transverse shear. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1956(78):255~261
[15]L. Mirsky, G.Herrmann. Axially symmetric motions of thick cylindrical shells. Journal of Applied Mechanics.1958(80):97~102 [16]G. Herrmann, L.Mirsky. Three-dimensional and shell-theory analysis of axially symmetric motion of cylinders. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1957(78):563~568
[17]R. M. Cooper, P. M. Naghdi. Propagation of non-axial symmetric waves in elastic cylindrical shells. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1957(29):1365~1373
[18]J. Rayleigh. The theory of sound. Vol. I and II. New York:Dover Publications,1945
[19]M. G. Silk, K.P.Bainton. Propagation in metal tubing of ultrasonic wave modes equivalent to lamb waves. Ultrasonics,1979,17(1):11~19
[20]I. A. Victorov. Rayleigh and lamb waves. Plenum Press, New York,1967 [21]D. Alleyne, P. Cawley.A two-dimentional Fourier Transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals. J. Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991,89(3):1159~1168
[22]C. Chree.Longitudinal vibrations of a circular bar. Quarterly Journal of Mathematics.1886,21:287~298
[23]A. Love. A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity New York: Dover Publications.1944
[24]J. Ghosh.Longitudinal vibrations of a hollow cylinder. Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society.1923,24(14):31~40
[25]Denos C.Gazis,.Three-Dimensional investigation of the propagation of waves in hollow circular cylinders. I. Analytical foundation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31 (5):568~573
[26]Denos C. Gazis.Three-Dimensional investigation of the propagation of waves in hollow circular cylinders. II. Numerical results.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1959,31(5):573~578
[27]N.A.Armenakas, D.C.Gazis., G.Herrmann. Free vibrations of circular cylindrical shells. Pergamon Press,Oxford,1969
[28]M. Brook, T. D. K. Bgoc, J. Eder. Ultrasonics inspection of steam generator tubing by chemical guided waves. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,1990,9:243~249
[29]J. J. Ditri, J.L.Rose.Excitation of guided wave modes in hollow cylinders by applied surface tractions. J. Appl. Phys.1992,72(7):2589~2597
[30]M. J. S. Lowe, D. N. Alleyne, P. Cawley. The mode conversion of a guided wave by a part-circumferential notch in a pipe. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1998,65:649~656
[31]C. Aristegui, M. J. S. Lowe, P. Cawley. Guided waves in fluid-filled pipes surrounded by different fluids. Ultrasonics,2001(39):367~375
[32]M. Brook, T. D. K. Bgoc, J. Eder. Ultrasonics inspection of steam generator tubing by chemical guided waves. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,1990,9:243~249
[33]M. J. S. Lowe, D.N.Alleyne, P. Gawley. Defect detection in pipes using guided waves. Ultrasonics,1998(36):147~154
[34]D. N. Alleyne, B. Pavlakovic, M. J. S. Lowe etc. Rapid long-range inspection of chemical plant pipework using guided waves. Insight,2001,43(101):93~96
[35]A. Demma, P. Cawleya, M.Lowe, A. G. Roosenbrand, B. Pavlakovic. The reflection of guided waves from circumferential notches in pipes:a guide for interpreting corrosion measurements.NDT&E Internationa,2004 (37):167~180
[36]M. D. Beard, M. J. S. Lowe. Non-destructive testing of rock bolts using guided ultrasonic wave.International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 2003, (40):527~536
[37]Fei Yan, Jing Mu, Joseph L. Rose. Guided wave propagation in curved pipe-like structures. Review of Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation,2008, (27):92~98
[38]A. Demma, P.Cawley.The effect of bends on the propagation of guided waves in pipes. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2005, (217):328~335.
[39]Hideo Nishino, Hideo Cho. Propagation phenomena of wide band guided waves in a bended pipe.Ultrasonics,2006, (44):1139~1143
[40]Hideo Nishino, Kenichi Yoshida, Hideo Cho etc. Propagation phenomena of wideband guided waves in a bended pipe. Ultrasonic,2006:1~5
[41]Takahiro Hayashi, Won-John Song,Joseph L.Rose.Guided wave dispersion curves for a bar with an arbitrary cross-section, a rod and rail example. Ultrasonics 2003, (41):175~183
[42]Takahiro Hayashi, Chiga Tamayama, etc.Wave structure analysis of guided waves in a bar with an arbitrary cross-section. Ultrasonics,2006, (44):17~24
[43]Takahiro Hayashi, Koichiro Kawashima, Zongqi Sun etc. Guided Wave Propagation Mechanics Across a Pipe Elbow. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology.2005,127:322~327
[44]Y. L. Koh, W. K. Chiu, N. Rajic. Effects of local stiffness changes and delamination on Lamb wave transmission using surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers. omposite Structures,2002, (57):437-443
[45]Feng Chen, Paul D. Wilcox. The effect of load on guided wave propagation. Ultrasonics,2007, (47):111~122
[46]Daniel Gsell, Jurg Dual. Non-destructive evaluation of elastic material properties in anisotropic circular cylindrical structures. Ultrasonics,2004, (43):123~132
[47]徐新生,郭杏林,刘凯欣.纵向应力波对裂纹探测研究.河南大学学报,1995,25(2)：7~12
[48]刘镇清.无损检测中的超声兰姆波技术.无损检测,1999,21(9)：409~413
[49]刘镇清.圆管中的超声导波.无损检测,1999,21(12),560~568
[50]徐可北.金属薄板兰姆波检测技术,无损检测,1999,21(10)：461~465
[51]刘镇清.超声无损检测与评价中信号处理及模式识别.无损检测,2001,31(2)：203~214
[52]何存富,吴斌,范晋伟.超声柱面导波技术及其研究应用进展.力学进展,2001,31(2)：203~214
[53]何存富,李隆波,吴斌.周向超声导波在薄壁管道中的传播研究.实验力学.2002,17(4)：419~424
[54]何存富,孙雅欣,王秀彦等.弯管中超声导波传播特性的研究.北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9)：773~777
[55]他得安,刘镇清,田光春.超声导波在管材中的传播特性.声学技术,2000,20(3)：131~134
[56]他得安,黄瑞菊,刘镇清.数值分析方法在超声无损检测的应用.声学技术,2001,23(11)：485~488
[57]JianLi, Joseph L Rose. Natural beam focusing of non-axisymmetric guided waves in large-diameter pipes. Ultrasonics,2006, (44):35~45
[58]A. Gunawan,S.Hirose, Boundary element analysis of guided waves in a bar with an arbitrary cross-section Engineering analysis with boundary elements. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,2005, (29):913~924
[59]Cho, Younho. Estimation of ultrasonics guided wave mode conversion in plate with thickness variation. IEEE Trasaction on Ultrasonics,2000:591~603
[60]Takahiro Hayashi Koichiro Kawashima, etc, Semi-analytical finite element analysis for ultrasonic focusing in a pipe. Review of quantitative non-destructive evaluation,2003, (22):250~255
[61]Ivan Bartoli, Alessandro Marzani. Modeling wave propagation in damped waveguides of arbitrary cross-section. Proceedings of the SPIE,2006 (6177):1~12
[62]R. C. C. Silva, J. N. C. Guerreiro, A study of pipe interacting corrosion defects using the FEM and neural networks。Advances in Engineering Software 2007, (38):868~875
[63]AlessandraFann,Asignal-processing tool for non-destructive testing of inaccessible pipes, Engineering Applications of Articial Intelligence 2006, (19):753~760
[64]Piervincenzo Rizzo,Ivan Bartoli. Defect classification in pipes by neural networks using multiple guided ultrasonic wave features extracted after wavelet processing, Transactions of the ASME,2005, (127):294~303
[65]固体中的超声波,Joseph L. Rose,何存富等译.北京：科学出版社,2004,145~156
[66]M. Gori, S. Giamboni, E. D. Alessio etc. Guided waves by EMAT transducers for rapid defect location on heat exchanger and boiler tubes. Ultrasonics,1996(34):311~314
[67]J. L. Rose, S. P. Pelts, M. J. Quarry. A comb transducer model for guided wave. NDE, untrasonics,1998,36 (1-5):163~169
[68]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.清华大学出版社,1997,1
[69]ANSYS manual
[70]何存富,李隆涛,吴斌.超声导波在管道中传播的数值模拟.北京工业大学学报,2004,30(2)：129~133