论CMM/CMMI在国际软件外包管理中的应用
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摘要
当前，世界经济的发展正在使国际间的产业关联日益增加，全球软件市场的需求也持续上升，这种趋势为我国的软件业提供了发展机会。国内的软件外包项目的大潮已经涌来，当中产生了一系列的管理问题，而CMM/CMMI中对软件工程项目的很多管理规范都有原则性设计，我们可以依据其对国内的国际软件外包项目进行有效的管理。本文正是在已有的对CMM/CMMI研究、应用基础上，从国际软件外包项目管理的角度阐述CMM/CMMI的应用。本文依托于Accenture China Delivery Center及IBM Solution and Services Center(大连)丰富的国际软件外包项目经验，主要从需求管理、软件配置管理、质量管理以及缺陷预防几个方面阐述。
本文首先介绍了CMM以及CMMI的体系结构，详细介绍了需求管理、软件配置管理的要求及应用。随后介绍了质量保证、同行评审和软件测试，然后探讨了缺陷预防的应用。最后以一个实际项目中CMM/CMMI的应用作为例证。
With the rapid increase of the world economy, the requirement of outsourcing is increasing. Currently, more and more software companies have a lot of international outsourcing projects. During the development and management process, more and more management defects have been detected. There are a lot of rules which are useful for the current situation in CMM & CMMI. Upon the current research and implementation, this paper describes how to use the CMM & CMMI in the international outsourcing projects. According to the experiences of Accenture China Delivery Center and IBM Solution and Services Center, this paper describes the details of the CMM & CMMI implementation.
First, this paper introduces the architecture of CMM and CMMI. Then describes what Requirement Management is, what Software Configuration Management is; and how to implement them in the outsourcing project. After that introduces the Quality Assurance, Peer Review and Software Testing, and describes what Defect Prevention is.
At last this paper use a Japan outsourcing project to introduces how to use those rules in the project development and management.
本文首先介绍了CMM以及CMMI的体系结构，详细介绍了需求管理、软件配置管理的要求及应用。随后介绍了质量保证、同行评审和软件测试，然后探讨了缺陷预防的应用。最后以一个实际项目中CMM/CMMI的应用作为例证。
With the rapid increase of the world economy, the requirement of outsourcing is increasing. Currently, more and more software companies have a lot of international outsourcing projects. During the development and management process, more and more management defects have been detected. There are a lot of rules which are useful for the current situation in CMM & CMMI. Upon the current research and implementation, this paper describes how to use the CMM & CMMI in the international outsourcing projects. According to the experiences of Accenture China Delivery Center and IBM Solution and Services Center, this paper describes the details of the CMM & CMMI implementation.
First, this paper introduces the architecture of CMM and CMMI. Then describes what Requirement Management is, what Software Configuration Management is; and how to implement them in the outsourcing project. After that introduces the Quality Assurance, Peer Review and Software Testing, and describes what Defect Prevention is.
At last this paper use a Japan outsourcing project to introduces how to use those rules in the project development and management.
引文
[1] 郑人杰，王纬，王方德，蔡愉祖等编著，基于软件能力成熟度模型(CMM)的软件过程改进——方法与实施，清华大学出版社，2003
[2] 林锐，王慧文，董军著，CMMI3级软件过程改进方法与规范，电子工业出版社，2003
[3] 万成编译，探究需求管理的本质，赛迪网，2001
[4] Kim Caputo, CMMI Implementation Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1998
[5] 江成，软件项目的需求开发与管理，中国项目管理网，2005
[6] 毕星，翟丽，项目管理，复旦大学出版社，2000
[7] Paulk M C, Chrissis M B, Capability Maturity Model for Software, CMU/SEI-93-TR-024, 1993
[8] Paulk M C, Weber C V, Garcia S M, Key Practices of the Capability Maturity Model~(SM) CMU/SEI-93-TR-025, 1993
[9] Jalote P, CMM in Practice, Addison-Wesley, 2000
[10] Dymond K M, A Guide to the CMM, Process Inc US, 1995
[11] Florac W A, Park R E, Measuring for Process Management and Improment, CMU/SEI-97-HB-003, 1997
[12] Mark C Paulk, Charles V Weber, Bill Curtis, The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process, Addison-Wesley, 1995
[13] 蔡愉祖译，评价承包商软件过程能力的方法和实践，QRRC-D9701，1997
[14] 王金玉，时斌译，IT项目管理，机械工业出版社，2001
[15] 何新贵，王纬，王方德等，软件能力成熟度模型，清华大学出版社，2001
[16] Roger S Pressman, Software Engineering A Practitioner' s Approach, McGraw-Hill, 2001
[17] 郑人杰，殷人昆，陶永雷，实用软件工程，清华大学出版社，1997
[18] Olson T G, Reizer N R, Over J W, A Software Process Framework for the SEI Capability Maturity Model, CMU/SEI-94-HB-01, 1994
[19] Pankaj Jalote, An Integrated Appach To Software Engineering, Springer, 1997
[20] 王卫东，关于2000版ISO 9001标准的新思考，中国质量认证，2001
[21] 吴超英，关于过程改进框架及其关键因素的探讨，计算机工程与应用，2002．38
[22] Wattes S Humphrey, Introduction to the Team Software Process, Addison-Wesley, 2000
[23] Suzanne Robertson, James Robertson, Mastering the Requirements Process (2nd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2006
[24] 黄锡伟，CMMI解析与实践，人民邮电出版社，2004
[25] 罗运模，CMMI软件过程改进与评估，电子工业出版社，2004
[26] 王立福，张世琨，朱冰，软件工程——技术、方法与环境，北京大学出版社，2001
[27] 赵悦译，过程改进与CMM实践问答，人民邮电出版社，2006
[28] 刘寅虓，系统分析之路，电子工业出版社，2005
[29] 王海鹏译，快速测试，人民邮电出版社，2004
[30] 邓波译，软件测试自动化，机械工业出版社，2003
[31] 王峰译，软件测试的艺术，机械工业出版社，2006
[2] 林锐，王慧文，董军著，CMMI3级软件过程改进方法与规范，电子工业出版社，2003
[3] 万成编译，探究需求管理的本质，赛迪网，2001
[4] Kim Caputo, CMMI Implementation Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1998
[5] 江成，软件项目的需求开发与管理，中国项目管理网，2005
[6] 毕星，翟丽，项目管理，复旦大学出版社，2000
[7] Paulk M C, Chrissis M B, Capability Maturity Model for Software, CMU/SEI-93-TR-024, 1993
[8] Paulk M C, Weber C V, Garcia S M, Key Practices of the Capability Maturity Model~(SM) CMU/SEI-93-TR-025, 1993
[9] Jalote P, CMM in Practice, Addison-Wesley, 2000
[10] Dymond K M, A Guide to the CMM, Process Inc US, 1995
[11] Florac W A, Park R E, Measuring for Process Management and Improment, CMU/SEI-97-HB-003, 1997
[12] Mark C Paulk, Charles V Weber, Bill Curtis, The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process, Addison-Wesley, 1995
[13] 蔡愉祖译，评价承包商软件过程能力的方法和实践，QRRC-D9701，1997
[14] 王金玉，时斌译，IT项目管理，机械工业出版社，2001
[15] 何新贵，王纬，王方德等，软件能力成熟度模型，清华大学出版社，2001
[16] Roger S Pressman, Software Engineering A Practitioner' s Approach, McGraw-Hill, 2001
[17] 郑人杰，殷人昆，陶永雷，实用软件工程，清华大学出版社，1997
[18] Olson T G, Reizer N R, Over J W, A Software Process Framework for the SEI Capability Maturity Model, CMU/SEI-94-HB-01, 1994
[19] Pankaj Jalote, An Integrated Appach To Software Engineering, Springer, 1997
[20] 王卫东，关于2000版ISO 9001标准的新思考，中国质量认证，2001
[21] 吴超英，关于过程改进框架及其关键因素的探讨，计算机工程与应用，2002．38
[22] Wattes S Humphrey, Introduction to the Team Software Process, Addison-Wesley, 2000
[23] Suzanne Robertson, James Robertson, Mastering the Requirements Process (2nd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2006
[24] 黄锡伟，CMMI解析与实践，人民邮电出版社，2004
[25] 罗运模，CMMI软件过程改进与评估，电子工业出版社，2004
[26] 王立福，张世琨，朱冰，软件工程——技术、方法与环境，北京大学出版社，2001
[27] 赵悦译，过程改进与CMM实践问答，人民邮电出版社，2006
[28] 刘寅虓，系统分析之路，电子工业出版社，2005
[29] 王海鹏译，快速测试，人民邮电出版社，2004
[30] 邓波译，软件测试自动化，机械工业出版社，2003
[31] 王峰译，软件测试的艺术，机械工业出版社，2006