基于定量化管理方法的项目开发过程改进研究
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摘要
对软件项目实施有效的过程控制是保证软件项目成功的关键,然而在现实情况中,对于“软件项目的执行过程是否偏离计划轨道?”“偏离的幅度有多大?”“如何制定相应的对策?”这几个问题,项目管理者往往仅凭个人的经验和直觉做出判断和决策,具有很强的主观性和随意性,没有一个可以度量的方法,结果造成了项目前景的不可预知性,项目最终目标是否可以实现完全取决于项目管理者的经验和水平,这对于一个软件公司来说是一个巨大的风险。
因此本文给出了一个软件过程度量模型,描述并分析了基于度量的软件过程分析和控制策略,在此基础上,结合实施CMMI的软件工程实践,设计了一个定量化管理方法,通过该方法可以动态地对软件项目的过程进行度量和控制。当项目的实际过程偏离计划轨道时,项目管理者利用本文给出的软件过程分析及控制策略,迅速做出最佳的控制决策,以确保项目的品质、成本和按期交付。
An optimal control of software process is the key to guarantee the success of software project. But there are several problems in our practices, like those: "Is the software process behind schedule?" "Which size is the software process behind schedule?" "How can we make the process control decision?" The project managers usually make the process control decision by his experience and hunch scent. They have not a method for measuring software process. In this way, the future of the software project can not be controlled. The success of the software project is only decided by the experience of the project managers. It is a hard risk for a software company.
Therefore, a model of software process measurement is presented ,and the strategies for analyzing and controlling based on measurement are described and analyzed. Based on this and the practice of implementing CMMI, a method for measuring software process is designed. Through this method, the software process can be measured and controlled dynamically. When the process behind schedule ,a project manager can immediately make an optimal process control decision to guarantee the quality,cost and delivery of the project by using the presented strategies of software process analysis and control.
因此本文给出了一个软件过程度量模型,描述并分析了基于度量的软件过程分析和控制策略,在此基础上,结合实施CMMI的软件工程实践,设计了一个定量化管理方法,通过该方法可以动态地对软件项目的过程进行度量和控制。当项目的实际过程偏离计划轨道时,项目管理者利用本文给出的软件过程分析及控制策略,迅速做出最佳的控制决策,以确保项目的品质、成本和按期交付。
An optimal control of software process is the key to guarantee the success of software project. But there are several problems in our practices, like those: "Is the software process behind schedule?" "Which size is the software process behind schedule?" "How can we make the process control decision?" The project managers usually make the process control decision by his experience and hunch scent. They have not a method for measuring software process. In this way, the future of the software project can not be controlled. The success of the software project is only decided by the experience of the project managers. It is a hard risk for a software company.
Therefore, a model of software process measurement is presented ,and the strategies for analyzing and controlling based on measurement are described and analyzed. Based on this and the practice of implementing CMMI, a method for measuring software process is designed. Through this method, the software process can be measured and controlled dynamically. When the process behind schedule ,a project manager can immediately make an optimal process control decision to guarantee the quality,cost and delivery of the project by using the presented strategies of software process analysis and control.
引文
1.Watts S.Humphrey.Managing the Software Process.2002
2.Robert T.Futrell,Donald F.Shafer,Linda I.Shafer Quality Software Project Management.清华大学出版社,2006
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10.Kim Caputo.CMM实施与软件过程改进.2003.8
11.James R.Persse.CMM 实施指南.2003.1
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13.勉玉静,赵文耘,陈颂梅.净室软件工程在CMM中的应用技术研究.2004.3
14.黄锡伟.CMMI解析与实践.2004.11
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17.罗运模.CMMI软件过程改进与评估.2004.6
18.观点实验室.CMM实践之路.2003.3
19.杨一平.现代软件工程技术与CMM的融合.2002.11
20.徐如志,钱乐秋,龚洪泉,李维宏.软件风险管理及优化控制.2004.3
21.张捷,倪晓峰,赵文耘.基于工作流的变更管理工具.2004.3
22.丹尼斯·M·阿汉.CMMI集成过程改进.2003.4
23.Mary Beth Chrissis.CMMI—过程集成与产品改进指南.2004.3
24.Dennism Ahern.CMMI精粹——集成化过程改进实用导论(第2版).2005.8
25.柯蒂斯.个体CMM指南——能力全面提升之路.2003.9
26.Pankaj Jalote.CMM实践—Infosys实施软件项目的过程.2003.1
27.卡耐基梅隆大学软件工程研究所.能力成熟度模型(CMM):软件过程改进指南. 2001.7
28.龚波.能力成熟度模型集成及其应用.2003.6
29.蒋晖.CMMI 综述.2006.10
30.朱崇湘,陈斌,龚洪泉,钱乐秋.小型软件企业的项目管理方法研究.2004.3
31.CMMI产业团队.能力成熟度整合模式1.1版-连续式表述.2002.3
32.CMMI产业团队.能力成熟度整合模式1.1版-阶段式表述.2002.3
33.徐如志,钱乐秋,龚洪泉,李维宏.软件风险管理及优化控制.2004.3
2.Robert T.Futrell,Donald F.Shafer,Linda I.Shafer Quality Software Project Management.清华大学出版社,2006
3.徐如志,钱乐秋,张敬周,赵文耘.基于度量的软件项目过程优化控制研究.2004
4.徐如志,钱乐秋,张敬周,朱三元.软件过程度量的过程模型及其应用研究.2004
5.Stephen H.Kan.Metrics and Models in software Quality Engineering(Second Edition)2004.7
6.Contributor Melonfir.深入了解软件开发瀑布模型.2006.10
7.Rational Edge.什么是迭代化项目开发?(3).2006.6
8.Donald F.Shafer,Robert T.Futrell,Linda I.Shafer.Quality Software Project Management.2006.9
9.John Vu.过程改进与CMM实践问答.2006.6
10.Kim Caputo.CMM实施与软件过程改进.2003.8
11.James R.Persse.CMM 实施指南.2003.1
12.雷剑文,陈振冲,李明树.CMM:软件过程的管理与改进.2002.9
13.勉玉静,赵文耘,陈颂梅.净室软件工程在CMM中的应用技术研究.2004.3
14.黄锡伟.CMMI解析与实践.2004.11
15.林锐.CMMI 3级软件过程改进方法与规范.2003.1
16.郑人杰,王纬,王方德,蔡愉祖.基于软件能力成熟度模型(CMM)的软件过程改进——方法与实施.2003.4
17.罗运模.CMMI软件过程改进与评估.2004.6
18.观点实验室.CMM实践之路.2003.3
19.杨一平.现代软件工程技术与CMM的融合.2002.11
20.徐如志,钱乐秋,龚洪泉,李维宏.软件风险管理及优化控制.2004.3
21.张捷,倪晓峰,赵文耘.基于工作流的变更管理工具.2004.3
22.丹尼斯·M·阿汉.CMMI集成过程改进.2003.4
23.Mary Beth Chrissis.CMMI—过程集成与产品改进指南.2004.3
24.Dennism Ahern.CMMI精粹——集成化过程改进实用导论(第2版).2005.8
25.柯蒂斯.个体CMM指南——能力全面提升之路.2003.9
26.Pankaj Jalote.CMM实践—Infosys实施软件项目的过程.2003.1
27.卡耐基梅隆大学软件工程研究所.能力成熟度模型(CMM):软件过程改进指南. 2001.7
28.龚波.能力成熟度模型集成及其应用.2003.6
29.蒋晖.CMMI 综述.2006.10
30.朱崇湘,陈斌,龚洪泉,钱乐秋.小型软件企业的项目管理方法研究.2004.3
31.CMMI产业团队.能力成熟度整合模式1.1版-连续式表述.2002.3
32.CMMI产业团队.能力成熟度整合模式1.1版-阶段式表述.2002.3
33.徐如志,钱乐秋,龚洪泉,李维宏.软件风险管理及优化控制.2004.3