储罐声发射罐底腐蚀检测数据采集环节的若干问题研究
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摘要
在经济发展日新月异的今天,人们对石油等能源资源的需求越来越大,受制于国内资源储量和产能,中国的石油对外依存度日益提高。国际油价受诸多因素影响波动较大,为了平抑油价短期波动对经济发展带来的不良影响,中国已经开始建立原油战略储备。该储备规划将会配套建设相当数量的大型原油储罐,这些储罐以后都将面临着如何确保罐底板安全性的问题。声发射罐底腐蚀检测技术作为一种在线无损检测手段,有着非常广阔的应用前景。
本文围绕着储罐声发射罐底腐蚀检测过程中数据采集环节的相关问题进行了研究。通过分析一天之内声发射数据量的变化趋势寻找检测结果与昼夜变化的联系,介绍了护卫传感器方法在罐底腐蚀检测中的实际应用,探究了传感器布置间距和布置高度与声发射检测结果的关系,总结了检测过程中储罐的静置与加载带来的影响。
本文通过上述工作,归纳了数据采集的合理时机,描写了护卫传感器的实际应用并确认储罐的静置对声发射检测结果影响有限。
本文中所涉及的原始数据均由本课题组和中石油管道科技中心合作取得,数据处理软件采用了美国物理声学公司(PAC)的声发射处理软件AEwin,并利用MATLAB软件实现了功能扩展。
本文是将声发射罐底腐蚀检测技术在实际应用的有益探索,经过数据分析得到的数据采集阶段相关结论,对声发射罐底腐蚀检测技术以后的发展及其在罐底腐蚀评估的实际应用具有推动作用。
With the current rapid economic development, people have growing demand for petroleum resources. Subject to domestic reserves and production capacity, China's oil import has been increasing. Affected by many factors the international oil price is volatile. In order to bring prices down short-term fluctuations in the adverse effects of economic development, China has begun to build strategic reserves of crude oil. The reserve plan will support the establishment of a significant number of large crude oil storage tanks, and these tanks will be facing the problem that how to ensure the security issues of the tank bottom. As on-line non-destructive testing technology, acoustic emission corrosion detection has a very broad application prospects.
This paper focuses on several aspects in data acquisition of tank bottom corrosion detection based on Acoustic Emission. By analyzing the data collected within a whole day, the author tries to find the link between acoustic emission test results and the diurnal variation. Through on-site detection, the article introduces the practical application of the guard-sensor-method in tank bottom corrosion detection. By means of changing different parameters, the author attempts to explore the relationship between acoustic emission detection results and the layout of the sensor, such as the spacing and the height. Still this paper seeks to summarize the impact of the standing and the load of the tank in the detection process.
After the above-mentioned work, this article generalizes the reasonable data acquisition time and describes the practical application of guard-sensor-method and also digs out that the standing of tank has limited impact on acoustic emission detection results.
The original data involved in this paper are all acquired by us research group in cooperation with and pipeline technology center of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation). The data processing software is AEwin of PHYSICAL ACOUSTIC CORP.(PAC) and also MATLAB is used to carry out extensions.
This article is useful exploration in the practical application of tank bottom corrosion detection based on acoustic emission. Conclusions obtained after data analysis in the data acquisition phase will promote the development of acoustic emission tank bottom corrosion detection technology and its practical application in tank bottom corrosion evaluation.
本文围绕着储罐声发射罐底腐蚀检测过程中数据采集环节的相关问题进行了研究。通过分析一天之内声发射数据量的变化趋势寻找检测结果与昼夜变化的联系,介绍了护卫传感器方法在罐底腐蚀检测中的实际应用,探究了传感器布置间距和布置高度与声发射检测结果的关系,总结了检测过程中储罐的静置与加载带来的影响。
本文通过上述工作,归纳了数据采集的合理时机,描写了护卫传感器的实际应用并确认储罐的静置对声发射检测结果影响有限。
本文中所涉及的原始数据均由本课题组和中石油管道科技中心合作取得,数据处理软件采用了美国物理声学公司(PAC)的声发射处理软件AEwin,并利用MATLAB软件实现了功能扩展。
本文是将声发射罐底腐蚀检测技术在实际应用的有益探索,经过数据分析得到的数据采集阶段相关结论,对声发射罐底腐蚀检测技术以后的发展及其在罐底腐蚀评估的实际应用具有推动作用。
With the current rapid economic development, people have growing demand for petroleum resources. Subject to domestic reserves and production capacity, China's oil import has been increasing. Affected by many factors the international oil price is volatile. In order to bring prices down short-term fluctuations in the adverse effects of economic development, China has begun to build strategic reserves of crude oil. The reserve plan will support the establishment of a significant number of large crude oil storage tanks, and these tanks will be facing the problem that how to ensure the security issues of the tank bottom. As on-line non-destructive testing technology, acoustic emission corrosion detection has a very broad application prospects.
This paper focuses on several aspects in data acquisition of tank bottom corrosion detection based on Acoustic Emission. By analyzing the data collected within a whole day, the author tries to find the link between acoustic emission test results and the diurnal variation. Through on-site detection, the article introduces the practical application of the guard-sensor-method in tank bottom corrosion detection. By means of changing different parameters, the author attempts to explore the relationship between acoustic emission detection results and the layout of the sensor, such as the spacing and the height. Still this paper seeks to summarize the impact of the standing and the load of the tank in the detection process.
After the above-mentioned work, this article generalizes the reasonable data acquisition time and describes the practical application of guard-sensor-method and also digs out that the standing of tank has limited impact on acoustic emission detection results.
The original data involved in this paper are all acquired by us research group in cooperation with and pipeline technology center of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation). The data processing software is AEwin of PHYSICAL ACOUSTIC CORP.(PAC) and also MATLAB is used to carry out extensions.
This article is useful exploration in the practical application of tank bottom corrosion detection based on acoustic emission. Conclusions obtained after data analysis in the data acquisition phase will promote the development of acoustic emission tank bottom corrosion detection technology and its practical application in tank bottom corrosion evaluation.
引文
[1]中财网,我国布局石油战略储备兰州储备基地获国家支持,2010
[2]课题组国务院发展研究中心我国国家石油储备体系研究,金三林,米建国,我国国家石油储备体系的基本构想,经济研究参考,2007,(57)
[3]王云鹤,郭小联,刘富君,常压储罐声发射及漏磁检测技术,无损探伤,2009,33(1):1～5
[4]中国石油新闻中心,工程建设公司成功研发20万立方米原油储罐,2009
[5]徐彦廷,刘富君,王亚东等,以声发射技术为主的大型立式储罐现代综合检测技术展望,中国杭州,2006
[6]赵雪娥,原油储罐的腐蚀机理研究及防护技术现状,中国安全科学学报,2005,15(3):104～107
[7]王同义,油田常压储罐罐底腐蚀检测方法的选择,腐蚀与防护,2005,26(2):86～88
[8]中华人民共和国机械工业部,GB/T 15822一1995,中华人民共和国国家标准磁粉探伤方法,
[9]林俊明,漏磁检测技术及发展现状研究,无损探伤,2006,(01)
[10]许万忠,第八专题低频涡流技术的应用,无损检测,1996,(08)
[11] Cole P T,Acoustic Methods for the Evaluation of Tank Integrity and Floor Condition
[12] Vandeloo P J , How Reliable is Acoustic Emission(Ae) Tank Testing?the Quantified Results of an Ae User Group Correlation Study!,1998,95～101
[13] Jeong-Rock Kwon G L T L,Acoustic Emission Testing of Repaired Storage Tank,Int J Pres Ves Pip,2001,78:373～378
[14] Sokolkin A V,Ievlev I Y,Cholakh S O,Prospects of Applications of Acoustic Emission Methods to Testing Bottoms of Tanks for Oil and Oil Derivatives,Russ J Nondestruct+,2002,38(2):113～115
[15] O. V. Nedzvetskaya G A B,Calculation of the Acoustic Channel in Acoustic Emission Testing of Bottoms of Vertical Steel Tanks,Russ J Nondestruct+,2003,39(7):779～781
[16]邢菲菲,储罐罐底腐蚀声发射信号模式识别研究,[硕士学位论文],天津大学,2008
[17]戴光,储罐的声发射在线检测技术与研究进展,压力容器,2005,22(3):33～35
[18]关卫和,大型立式储罐在线声发射检测与安全性评估,压力容器,2005,22(1):40～44
[19]徐彦廷,声发射技术在探测储罐底板泄漏位置中的应用,无损检测,2007,29(9):506～508
[20]北京声华兴业科技有限公司,基于Usb2.0专用数据采集卡的声发射系统的研制,www.soundwel.cn
[21] Pac美,油罐罐底检测报告,2007
[22] G. Lackner P T,Acoustic Emission Testing (at) On Flat Bottomed Storage Tanks How to Condense Acquired Data to a Reliable Statement Regarding Floor Condition,Prague,Czech Republic,2002,279～286
[23]美国物理声学公司北京代表处,Samos系统的主要特性
[24]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,无损检测常压金属储罐声发射检测及评价方法,
[25] Grosse C U,Ohtsu M,Acoustic Emission Testing,Berlin:Springer,2008,396
[26]孙立瑛,声发射储罐及管道在线检测技术研究,[博士学位论文],天津大学,2007
[27] Nedzvetskaya O V,Budenkov G A,Sokolkin A V等,Calculation of the Acoustic Channel in Acoustic Emission Testing of Bottoms of Vertical Steel Tanks,Russ J Nondestruct+,2003,39(10):772～781
[28]沈功田等,声发射检测培训教材:全国特种设备无损检测人员资格鉴定考核委员会,2004
[29]原油轻烃液化石油气质量检验编写组,原油、轻烃、液化石油气质量检验,北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[30]刘涛,沈士明,大型储罐的应力腐蚀开裂,施工技术,2009,38(增刊):543～546
[31] Vimu P S,黄岛油库十万立方米原油储罐机械清洗作业,2009
[32]徐一帆,鲁石,波的世界,北京市:北京科学技术出版社,1987
[33] M.Fregonese, H.Idrissi, H.Mazille, L.Renaud, Y.Cetre, Initiation and propagation steps in pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steels: monitoring by acoustic emission, CORROSION SCIENCE, 2001, 43, 627~641
[34] J. Kovaˇc, M. Leban, A. Legat, Detection of SCC on prestressing steel wire by the simultaneous use of electrochemical noise and acoustic emission measurements, Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52, 7607~7616
[35] G. Drummonda, J.F. Watsonb, P.P. Acarnley, Acoustic emission from wire ropes during proof load and fatigue testing, NDT&E International, 2007, 40, 94~101
[36] Richard Lyons , Matthew Ing, Simon Austin, Influence of diurnal and seasonal temperature variations on the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete by acoustic emission, Corrosion Science, 2005, 47, 413~433
[37] F.Bellenger, H.Mazille, H.Idrissi, Use of acoustic emission technique for the early detection of aluminum alloys exfoliation corrosion, NDT&E International, 2002, 35, 385~392
[38] C.Jomdecha, A.Prateepasen, P.Kaewtrakulpong, Study on source location using an acoustic emission system for various corrosion types, NDT&E International,2007,40,584~593
[39] Y.P.Kim, M.Fregonese, H.Mazille, D.Feron, G.Santarini,Study of oxyaen reduction on stainless steel surfaces and its contribution to acoustic emission recorded during corrosion processes, Corrosion Science, 2006, 48, 3945~3959
[40] A.Carpinteri, G.Lacidogna, N.Pugno, Structural damage diagnosis and life-time assessment by acoustic emission monitoring, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2007, 74, 273~289
[2]课题组国务院发展研究中心我国国家石油储备体系研究,金三林,米建国,我国国家石油储备体系的基本构想,经济研究参考,2007,(57)
[3]王云鹤,郭小联,刘富君,常压储罐声发射及漏磁检测技术,无损探伤,2009,33(1):1～5
[4]中国石油新闻中心,工程建设公司成功研发20万立方米原油储罐,2009
[5]徐彦廷,刘富君,王亚东等,以声发射技术为主的大型立式储罐现代综合检测技术展望,中国杭州,2006
[6]赵雪娥,原油储罐的腐蚀机理研究及防护技术现状,中国安全科学学报,2005,15(3):104～107
[7]王同义,油田常压储罐罐底腐蚀检测方法的选择,腐蚀与防护,2005,26(2):86～88
[8]中华人民共和国机械工业部,GB/T 15822一1995,中华人民共和国国家标准磁粉探伤方法,
[9]林俊明,漏磁检测技术及发展现状研究,无损探伤,2006,(01)
[10]许万忠,第八专题低频涡流技术的应用,无损检测,1996,(08)
[11] Cole P T,Acoustic Methods for the Evaluation of Tank Integrity and Floor Condition
[12] Vandeloo P J , How Reliable is Acoustic Emission(Ae) Tank Testing?the Quantified Results of an Ae User Group Correlation Study!,1998,95～101
[13] Jeong-Rock Kwon G L T L,Acoustic Emission Testing of Repaired Storage Tank,Int J Pres Ves Pip,2001,78:373～378
[14] Sokolkin A V,Ievlev I Y,Cholakh S O,Prospects of Applications of Acoustic Emission Methods to Testing Bottoms of Tanks for Oil and Oil Derivatives,Russ J Nondestruct+,2002,38(2):113～115
[15] O. V. Nedzvetskaya G A B,Calculation of the Acoustic Channel in Acoustic Emission Testing of Bottoms of Vertical Steel Tanks,Russ J Nondestruct+,2003,39(7):779～781
[16]邢菲菲,储罐罐底腐蚀声发射信号模式识别研究,[硕士学位论文],天津大学,2008
[17]戴光,储罐的声发射在线检测技术与研究进展,压力容器,2005,22(3):33～35
[18]关卫和,大型立式储罐在线声发射检测与安全性评估,压力容器,2005,22(1):40～44
[19]徐彦廷,声发射技术在探测储罐底板泄漏位置中的应用,无损检测,2007,29(9):506～508
[20]北京声华兴业科技有限公司,基于Usb2.0专用数据采集卡的声发射系统的研制,www.soundwel.cn
[21] Pac美,油罐罐底检测报告,2007
[22] G. Lackner P T,Acoustic Emission Testing (at) On Flat Bottomed Storage Tanks How to Condense Acquired Data to a Reliable Statement Regarding Floor Condition,Prague,Czech Republic,2002,279～286
[23]美国物理声学公司北京代表处,Samos系统的主要特性
[24]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,无损检测常压金属储罐声发射检测及评价方法,
[25] Grosse C U,Ohtsu M,Acoustic Emission Testing,Berlin:Springer,2008,396
[26]孙立瑛,声发射储罐及管道在线检测技术研究,[博士学位论文],天津大学,2007
[27] Nedzvetskaya O V,Budenkov G A,Sokolkin A V等,Calculation of the Acoustic Channel in Acoustic Emission Testing of Bottoms of Vertical Steel Tanks,Russ J Nondestruct+,2003,39(10):772～781
[28]沈功田等,声发射检测培训教材:全国特种设备无损检测人员资格鉴定考核委员会,2004
[29]原油轻烃液化石油气质量检验编写组,原油、轻烃、液化石油气质量检验,北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[30]刘涛,沈士明,大型储罐的应力腐蚀开裂,施工技术,2009,38(增刊):543～546
[31] Vimu P S,黄岛油库十万立方米原油储罐机械清洗作业,2009
[32]徐一帆,鲁石,波的世界,北京市:北京科学技术出版社,1987
[33] M.Fregonese, H.Idrissi, H.Mazille, L.Renaud, Y.Cetre, Initiation and propagation steps in pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steels: monitoring by acoustic emission, CORROSION SCIENCE, 2001, 43, 627~641
[34] J. Kovaˇc, M. Leban, A. Legat, Detection of SCC on prestressing steel wire by the simultaneous use of electrochemical noise and acoustic emission measurements, Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52, 7607~7616
[35] G. Drummonda, J.F. Watsonb, P.P. Acarnley, Acoustic emission from wire ropes during proof load and fatigue testing, NDT&E International, 2007, 40, 94~101
[36] Richard Lyons , Matthew Ing, Simon Austin, Influence of diurnal and seasonal temperature variations on the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete by acoustic emission, Corrosion Science, 2005, 47, 413~433
[37] F.Bellenger, H.Mazille, H.Idrissi, Use of acoustic emission technique for the early detection of aluminum alloys exfoliation corrosion, NDT&E International, 2002, 35, 385~392
[38] C.Jomdecha, A.Prateepasen, P.Kaewtrakulpong, Study on source location using an acoustic emission system for various corrosion types, NDT&E International,2007,40,584~593
[39] Y.P.Kim, M.Fregonese, H.Mazille, D.Feron, G.Santarini,Study of oxyaen reduction on stainless steel surfaces and its contribution to acoustic emission recorded during corrosion processes, Corrosion Science, 2006, 48, 3945~3959
[40] A.Carpinteri, G.Lacidogna, N.Pugno, Structural damage diagnosis and life-time assessment by acoustic emission monitoring, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2007, 74, 273~289