在役储罐罐底检测技术的研究
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摘要
近几十年来,我国国民经济高速的发展使我们对能源的需求也正在高速的增长,尤其在石油资源上,我国已经成为了继美国之后的世界上第二进口国。同时为了应对国际油价的波动和产油区的战乱,我国已经开始建立自己的国家石油储备,而大型的储罐是目前世界上存储石油的主要方式。大型储罐安全是石油储存的一个重要问题,包括我们国家在内的许多国家的大型石油储罐的服役期都已经超过十年以上,储罐罐底钢板则是最容易受到腐蚀而发生泄漏的地方。一旦储罐罐内的石油泄漏将造成严重的灾难和环境的污染。因此在役储罐罐底检测装置的研制就显得十分的重要了。
本文针对石油储罐罐底材质的特点,采用了一种在役储罐中利用多通道超声检测设备检测罐底钢板缺陷的方法。针对超声检测、履带式自动行走小车、超声三点定位、防爆的信息传输、超声检测信号的高速采集及其处理等问题进行了比较深入的研究,对上述各个系统的实现方法进行了研究,并对超声检测系统的发射电路、限幅电路、可变增益放大电路和带通滤波电路进行了设计、仿真及其PCB电路板的制作并利用其进行了超声检测钢试件的实验。通过观察回波的变化可以判断钢试件厚度的变化,也可以通过观察判断钢试件中是否有缺陷。最后应用了小波分析的基本的理论,并通过MATLAB小波工具箱进行了超声检测回波信号的小波去噪的处理,得到了一个比较理想的超声检测的结果。
通过对超声检测系统检测CSK-1试件的25mm、91mm和100mm的厚度实验来验证了超声检测系统对厚度变化的识别能力,又利用其对试件CSK-1上Φ1.5mm缺陷和2mm宽6mm深的缺陷进行了超声探伤的实验,系统可以很好的进行钢板的探伤的实验。此系统可以很好的完成在役储罐罐底的超声检测,具有良好的应用价值。
In recent decades, with the development of economy of China, the demanding for energy is also high growth. Especially in oil resources, China has become the world’s second importing country after the U S A. In order to deal with the international price fluctuation and oil-producing areas of the war, China has started to build their own national petroleum reserve. Large storage tank is the main way of oil storage at present in China. Its security is a very serious problem. Including many countries, the large oil tanks have serviced for more than 10years. Storage tank bottom plate is the easiest corrosion leakage. Once it happens to spill, that will cause severe disaster and environmental pollution. So the detection instrument which is used in service of storage tank bottom.
On petroleum storage tank bottom material characteristics, the paper creatively proposes a new way which uses multi-channel ultrasonic testing equipment to detect the storage tank bottom. It do the research of ultrasonic detection system, automatic walk caterpillar car, ultrasound three-point system, explosion-proof information transmission, ultrasonic signal high-speed data sampling system and data processing. Designed to the above all systems, and completed the simulation and production of ultrasound launch circuit, amplitude limit circuit, variable gain amplifier circuit, bandpass filter circuit. And do a lot of experiments about ultrasound, and propose the way how to judge defects. Do research in the wavelet analysis theory. Do wavelet de-noising processing of ultrasonic echo signal with wavelet toolbox main menu of MATLAB. An ideal ultrasound signal is obtained
With the ultrasonic test system, it detect the thickness of CSK-1 of 25mm, 91mm, 100mm. The ability of ultrasonic test system is detected by recognition thickness. Do some experiments It used to detect the flaw of ?1 .5mm and 6mm deep of CSK-1. Through some experiments, the ultrasonic detection system is able to detect steel plate. And it can detect the bottom of oil storage tank and own good application value.
本文针对石油储罐罐底材质的特点,采用了一种在役储罐中利用多通道超声检测设备检测罐底钢板缺陷的方法。针对超声检测、履带式自动行走小车、超声三点定位、防爆的信息传输、超声检测信号的高速采集及其处理等问题进行了比较深入的研究,对上述各个系统的实现方法进行了研究,并对超声检测系统的发射电路、限幅电路、可变增益放大电路和带通滤波电路进行了设计、仿真及其PCB电路板的制作并利用其进行了超声检测钢试件的实验。通过观察回波的变化可以判断钢试件厚度的变化,也可以通过观察判断钢试件中是否有缺陷。最后应用了小波分析的基本的理论,并通过MATLAB小波工具箱进行了超声检测回波信号的小波去噪的处理,得到了一个比较理想的超声检测的结果。
通过对超声检测系统检测CSK-1试件的25mm、91mm和100mm的厚度实验来验证了超声检测系统对厚度变化的识别能力,又利用其对试件CSK-1上Φ1.5mm缺陷和2mm宽6mm深的缺陷进行了超声探伤的实验,系统可以很好的进行钢板的探伤的实验。此系统可以很好的完成在役储罐罐底的超声检测,具有良好的应用价值。
In recent decades, with the development of economy of China, the demanding for energy is also high growth. Especially in oil resources, China has become the world’s second importing country after the U S A. In order to deal with the international price fluctuation and oil-producing areas of the war, China has started to build their own national petroleum reserve. Large storage tank is the main way of oil storage at present in China. Its security is a very serious problem. Including many countries, the large oil tanks have serviced for more than 10years. Storage tank bottom plate is the easiest corrosion leakage. Once it happens to spill, that will cause severe disaster and environmental pollution. So the detection instrument which is used in service of storage tank bottom.
On petroleum storage tank bottom material characteristics, the paper creatively proposes a new way which uses multi-channel ultrasonic testing equipment to detect the storage tank bottom. It do the research of ultrasonic detection system, automatic walk caterpillar car, ultrasound three-point system, explosion-proof information transmission, ultrasonic signal high-speed data sampling system and data processing. Designed to the above all systems, and completed the simulation and production of ultrasound launch circuit, amplitude limit circuit, variable gain amplifier circuit, bandpass filter circuit. And do a lot of experiments about ultrasound, and propose the way how to judge defects. Do research in the wavelet analysis theory. Do wavelet de-noising processing of ultrasonic echo signal with wavelet toolbox main menu of MATLAB. An ideal ultrasound signal is obtained
With the ultrasonic test system, it detect the thickness of CSK-1 of 25mm, 91mm, 100mm. The ability of ultrasonic test system is detected by recognition thickness. Do some experiments It used to detect the flaw of ?1 .5mm and 6mm deep of CSK-1. Through some experiments, the ultrasonic detection system is able to detect steel plate. And it can detect the bottom of oil storage tank and own good application value.
引文
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[36]崔莹,郝静如.一种液下机器人超声波定位系统.传感器与微系统,2006,25(7):58~60.
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[2]徐冠华.中国拟建立石油储备制度.中国石油和化工,2002,10:20~21.
[3]赵雪娥,蒋军成.原油储罐的腐蚀机理研究及防护现状.中国安全科学学报,2005,115(3):104~107.
[4]韩文礼.储油罐腐蚀及其防护措施.石油工程建设,2010,18(6):44~46.
[5]孙新宇.立式钢制油罐罐底外腐蚀原因分析及对策.石油化工安全技术,2002,36(5):41~47.
[6]刘富君,徐彦廷,丁守宝等.常压储罐无损检测技术,2008远东无损检测新技术论坛,2008,325-331.
[7]李一博,孙丽瑛,邢菲菲等.大型常压储罐底板的声发射在线检测.天津大学学报,2008,41(1):11~16.
[8]王同义,许振清,王伟国等.油田常压储罐罐底腐蚀检测方法的选择.腐蚀与防护, 2005,26(2):86~88.
[9]魏兢,高松巍,陈晓春等.基于漏磁原理的储油罐罐底探伤仪.沈阳工业大学学报,1999,21(3):275~276.
[10] S.Mandayam,L.Udpa,S.S.Udpa,W.Lord.Invariance Transformations for Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,1996,32(3):1577~1580.
[11]陈松生,竺国荣,沈建民等.危险化学品检验法规及检验技术探讨.石油工程建设,2008,34(5):1~4.
[12] Fujun LIU,Shoubao DING,Xiaolian GUO.Magnetic Flux Leakage and Acoustic Emission Testing Technique for Atmosphere Storage tanks.Shanghai:17th Word Conference on Nondestructive Testing,2008.
[13]谭小川,刘丽川,柳明.涡流新技术在油罐罐底板腐蚀检测中的应用.无损检测,2004,26(10):494~496.
[14]刘宝,徐彦霖,王增勇等.涡流检测技术及进展.测控技术,2006,25(3):80~82.
[15]张家凡.声发射技术在大型储罐安全检测中的应用.科技咨询导报,2007,9:6.
[16]吴广辉,梁武科,王辉斌.基于声发射技术的水轮机转轮叶片裂纹检测.电网与清洁能源,2009,25(4):58~59.
[17]王云鹤,郭小联,刘富君.常压储罐声发射及漏磁检测技术.无损检测,2009,33(1):1~5.
[18] Ichizo Uetake,Tetsuya Satio.Magnetic flux leakage by adjacent parallel surface slots.NDT&E International, 1997,30(6): 371~376.
[19]邢菲菲.储罐罐底腐蚀声发射信号模式识别研究:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2008.
[20] O.V.Nedzvetskaya,G. A. Budenkov,Calculation of the Acoustic Channel in Acoustic Emission Testing of Bottoms of Vertical Steel Tanks.Russian Journal of nondestructive testing,2003,Vol.39(7):779~781.
[21] A.V.Sokolkin,I.Yu.Levlev,Prospects of Applications of Acoustic Emission Methods to Testing to Testing Bottoms of Tanks for Oil and Oil Derivatives.Russian Journal of nondestructive testing,2002,Vol.38(2):113~115.
[22]刘保彬,周伟.基于高频探测信号的金属探测器的研究.测试测量技术,2008,12:15~17.
[23]郑君.基于嵌入式超声波探伤研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[24]栾建卫.高质量钢轨超声波探伤装置的研制:(硕士学位论文).昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[25] A.Masnata,M.Sunseri.Neural network classification of flaws detected by ultrasonic means. NDT&E International, 1996,29(2): 87~93.
[26]宋子强.超声检测技术研究与工程实现:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
[27]康勇.基于PC/104的超声探伤系统研究:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2004.
[28]侯宪伦,葛兆斌,李向东等.履带式机器人的设计.机械制造,2009,47(541):41~42.
[29] Love P.Kalra,Jason Gu,Max Meng.A Wall Climbing Robot for Oil Tank Inspection.Kunming: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics,2006.
[30] Love P.Kalra,Weimin Shen,Jason Gu.A Wall Climbing Robotci System for Non Destructive Inspection of Above Ground Tanks.IEEE CCECE/CCGEI,2006,38(4):402~405.
[31]罗曦.新型探伤机器人及其轨迹规划:(硕士学位论文).抚顺:辽宁石油化工大学,2010.
[32] Peter B.L,Stewart D.Personick,GARY A.Hayward.Application of Optical Fibers to Analog Telemetry Delay Lines and Sensing Systems.IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS.1983,1(3):556~561.
[33]史萌萌,江海河.模拟光纤传输模块的原理与设计.光学与光电技术,2007,5(6):21~23.
[34]王俊峰.智能化数字光纤传输系统的设计与实现:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003.
[35]熊春山,彭刚,黄心汉.基于超声测距的三维精确定位系统与设计.自动化仪表,2001,22(3):7~10.
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