胶印制版数据化与规范化研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的进步,印刷企业的数据化与规范化质量管理已经成为提高产品质量的重要组成部份。本文的目的是对胶印制版工艺进行分析和实验研究,获得最佳印刷工艺参数,保证印刷品对原稿的忠实再现,推动胶印制版工艺的发展;提高印品质量,降低生产成本,增加经济效益,为企业制版标准化工作提供可靠数据。
运用印刷色彩学和胶印工艺原理,结合富士胶印晒版控制条、胶印制版数据化与规范化测试版,对胶印制版工艺中的主要参数进行研究;针对制版中曝光量、显影速度、加网线数、网点面积率等,采用单因素优选法进行实验设计,利用精密测量仪器,确保数据精度;运用多项式回归分析法处理实验数据,并建立了数学模型。
根据本次研究所用的PS版、富士晒版控制条,变换工艺参数进行实验设计;分析了主要参数变化与印版网点面积率之间的关系,并建立了数学模型;按照研究内容的要求,设计了胶印测试版,实验获得了华光PS版的最佳晒版参数,并得到了网点阶调复制、网点补偿和灰平衡曲线,拟合了曲线方程;回归得到了加网线数与印刷品网点扩大值之间的函数曲线及其方程,总结了网点形状对网点面积率的影响规律。
结果表明:华光PS版打样的最佳曝光量范围为42～50lx·s,其分辨力较高,曝光量对PS版的网点面积率影响呈线性趋势;显影速度补偿曲线能够很好的纠正晒版时曝光过度或曝光不足,使图文能够准确还原;得到了黄、品、青、黑四色打样的最佳实地密度范围,四色的网点扩大曲线一般呈二次曲线;网点扩大值与加网线数呈二次曲线关系,其规律可以用于指导生产实际。
The digitization and strandardization quality management is an important part of the way that improved production quality in the printing company with the advancement of science and technology. The purpose is to study on the technologic parameters of offset plate-making, obtain the optimized printing technologic parameters, ensure the consistency between printed matter and manuscript, promote the development of offset plate-making, enhance the quality of printed matter, reduce the production cost, increase economic benefit and offer reliable data for printing companies’standardization.
The main parameters were researched based on the printing chromatology and the offset technology principles combining with the FUJI control strip and the offset plate-making test form. The single factor optimization was used to analyze the expose value, develop speed, screening frequency and percent dot area. The exact apparatuses ensure the precision of data. The mathematics models were established based on regression analysis.
Based on the FUJI control strip and the PS plate, the experiments were designed through the transform of technologic parameters. The relations between the main parameters and the dot percentage were analyzed and the mathematics models were established. According to the request of research content, the offset test form was designed. Via the experiments, the optimized burn parameters were gained. The curves of printing gradation, dot compensation and gray-balance density were established and the equations were fitted. The curve and the equation between screen frequency and dot-gain value were obtained. The rule between dot shape and dot gain values was found.
It has indicated: The optimal expose value of Huaguang PS plate ranges from 42lx·s to 50lx·s and its resolution was higher. The function between expose value and dot percentage of PS plate was linear. The develop speed compensation curves could correct the burn-out and underexposure, thereby the plate dot was copied accurately. The optimal solid density ranges of Y, M, C, Bk were acquired and the dot-gain curves were conics. The rule of the conic relationship between dot shape and screen frequency could guide production.
运用印刷色彩学和胶印工艺原理,结合富士胶印晒版控制条、胶印制版数据化与规范化测试版,对胶印制版工艺中的主要参数进行研究;针对制版中曝光量、显影速度、加网线数、网点面积率等,采用单因素优选法进行实验设计,利用精密测量仪器,确保数据精度;运用多项式回归分析法处理实验数据,并建立了数学模型。
根据本次研究所用的PS版、富士晒版控制条,变换工艺参数进行实验设计;分析了主要参数变化与印版网点面积率之间的关系,并建立了数学模型;按照研究内容的要求,设计了胶印测试版,实验获得了华光PS版的最佳晒版参数,并得到了网点阶调复制、网点补偿和灰平衡曲线,拟合了曲线方程;回归得到了加网线数与印刷品网点扩大值之间的函数曲线及其方程,总结了网点形状对网点面积率的影响规律。
结果表明:华光PS版打样的最佳曝光量范围为42～50lx·s,其分辨力较高,曝光量对PS版的网点面积率影响呈线性趋势;显影速度补偿曲线能够很好的纠正晒版时曝光过度或曝光不足,使图文能够准确还原;得到了黄、品、青、黑四色打样的最佳实地密度范围,四色的网点扩大曲线一般呈二次曲线;网点扩大值与加网线数呈二次曲线关系,其规律可以用于指导生产实际。
The digitization and strandardization quality management is an important part of the way that improved production quality in the printing company with the advancement of science and technology. The purpose is to study on the technologic parameters of offset plate-making, obtain the optimized printing technologic parameters, ensure the consistency between printed matter and manuscript, promote the development of offset plate-making, enhance the quality of printed matter, reduce the production cost, increase economic benefit and offer reliable data for printing companies’standardization.
The main parameters were researched based on the printing chromatology and the offset technology principles combining with the FUJI control strip and the offset plate-making test form. The single factor optimization was used to analyze the expose value, develop speed, screening frequency and percent dot area. The exact apparatuses ensure the precision of data. The mathematics models were established based on regression analysis.
Based on the FUJI control strip and the PS plate, the experiments were designed through the transform of technologic parameters. The relations between the main parameters and the dot percentage were analyzed and the mathematics models were established. According to the request of research content, the offset test form was designed. Via the experiments, the optimized burn parameters were gained. The curves of printing gradation, dot compensation and gray-balance density were established and the equations were fitted. The curve and the equation between screen frequency and dot-gain value were obtained. The rule between dot shape and dot gain values was found.
It has indicated: The optimal expose value of Huaguang PS plate ranges from 42lx·s to 50lx·s and its resolution was higher. The function between expose value and dot percentage of PS plate was linear. The develop speed compensation curves could correct the burn-out and underexposure, thereby the plate dot was copied accurately. The optimal solid density ranges of Y, M, C, Bk were acquired and the dot-gain curves were conics. The rule of the conic relationship between dot shape and screen frequency could guide production.
引文
【1】 何晓辉.印刷过程中闭环颜色控制技术[J].印刷技术,2003(8):41~43
【2】 刘世昌.印品质量检测与控制[M].印刷工业出版社,2000(5):94~97
【3】 R.S.Fisch. Non Periodic(Stochastic)Screening-Offset Negative and Positive Tone Reproduction. TAGA[J],1995:1048~1060
【4】 Devang P. Mehta. A Study of Quality Differences between Waterless and Conventional Litho Printing [J]. Journal of Industrial Technology, Sep2004,Vol.20(4):1~5
【5】 H. Naik Dharavath. Analysis of Print Attributes of Amplitude Modulated (AM) vs. Frequency Modulated (FM) Screening of Multicolor Offset Printing [J]. Journal of Industrial Technology, July 2005,Vol.21(3):1~10
【6】 H Naik Dharavath. Analysis of Newsprint Color Reproduction within the Newspaper Association of America Solid Ink Density and Color Gamut Standards. Journal of Industrial Technology,Oct2006, Vol.22(4) :1~10
【7】 Stefan,Marc Mahy. Quality managed proofing: the road to visual consistency. The 29th international IARIGAI Research Conference [C].Switzerland: International IARIGAI Rwsearch Conference,2002:61~67
【8】 ECI & bvdm. Gray Balance Control in Offset Printing with the ECI /bvdm Gray Control Strip[R]. ECI & bvdm ,2007
【9】 Bergman, Verikas A, Bacauskiene M. Unsupervised color image segmentation applied to printing quality assessment.Image & Vision Computing,Apr2005, Vol.23(4):417~425
【10】Kelvin Tritton. Color Control in Lithography. Pira International Ltd(UK),2004:112~140
【11】GRACoL.G7 Training Guide [EB/OL]. http://www.gracol.org,2006
【12】Isis Imaging Corporation. Workflow Test Forms Suite User Guide[R].Isis Imaging Corporation,2003
【13】Anthony P.Stanton. GATF Digital Sheetfed Test Form 4.1 user guide [R]. The Graphic Arts Technical Foundation,1997
【14】Michael J.Johnston. The Integration of Color Management for Digital Offset Printing Technology[R].PIA/GATF Color Management Conference,2006
【15】朱元宏,王利捷等.保证阶调一致性的正确晒版范围的分析方法.武汉大学学报[J].2005(11):1008～1011
【16】薛永薰,赵风艳.PS 版反差系数与制版标准.印刷质量与标准化[J].2003(1):15～17
【17】周晓辉.PS 版晒版工艺规范化及印版磨损现象的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2005
【18】王世勤.曝光及显影对 PS 版耐印率的影响.广东印刷[J].2000(1):16~17
【19】殷幼芳.胶印数据化与规范化[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1981
【20】李育喜.调频加网制版工艺研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2001
【21】张逸新.分色制版新技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001
【22】李宝强.规范化、数据化是保证提高彩报质量的关键.今日印刷[J],1999(4):107～110
【23】丁红磊.柔性版制版工艺的规范化.今日印刷[J].2002(11):17～18
【24】杨艳华.柔性版印刷品的质量检测与控制:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2001
【25】张 .商业表格印刷工艺规范化的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2002
【26】陈正伟.印刷品墨层厚度和纸张白度对颜色再现的回归分析.出版与印刷[J].2000(2):40~43
【27】李荣.印版制作工艺[M].中国轻工业出版社.2001:50~53
【28】向阳,王捷先,齐晓堃.印刷材料及适性[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2000:148~149
【29】刘昕.胶版印刷工艺原理[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2000:148~153
【30】全国印刷标准化委员会.CY/T5-1999 平版印刷品质量要求及检验方法[S].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005
【31】胡成发.印刷色彩与色度学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1993:174~190
【32】林建达.印刷灰色平衡控制法则之研究[EB/OL].http://www.bisenet.com/2005/5-11/10282968710. html,2005
【33】李云雁,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:44~64
【34】GRACoL.G7 工艺使用介绍[R]. General Recommendations for Applications in Offset Lithography, 2006
【35】George W. Jorgensen.色彩套准控制[R].GATF 研究项目报告 No.6144
【2】 刘世昌.印品质量检测与控制[M].印刷工业出版社,2000(5):94~97
【3】 R.S.Fisch. Non Periodic(Stochastic)Screening-Offset Negative and Positive Tone Reproduction. TAGA[J],1995:1048~1060
【4】 Devang P. Mehta. A Study of Quality Differences between Waterless and Conventional Litho Printing [J]. Journal of Industrial Technology, Sep2004,Vol.20(4):1~5
【5】 H. Naik Dharavath. Analysis of Print Attributes of Amplitude Modulated (AM) vs. Frequency Modulated (FM) Screening of Multicolor Offset Printing [J]. Journal of Industrial Technology, July 2005,Vol.21(3):1~10
【6】 H Naik Dharavath. Analysis of Newsprint Color Reproduction within the Newspaper Association of America Solid Ink Density and Color Gamut Standards. Journal of Industrial Technology,Oct2006, Vol.22(4) :1~10
【7】 Stefan,Marc Mahy. Quality managed proofing: the road to visual consistency. The 29th international IARIGAI Research Conference [C].Switzerland: International IARIGAI Rwsearch Conference,2002:61~67
【8】 ECI & bvdm. Gray Balance Control in Offset Printing with the ECI /bvdm Gray Control Strip[R]. ECI & bvdm ,2007
【9】 Bergman, Verikas A, Bacauskiene M. Unsupervised color image segmentation applied to printing quality assessment.Image & Vision Computing,Apr2005, Vol.23(4):417~425
【10】Kelvin Tritton. Color Control in Lithography. Pira International Ltd(UK),2004:112~140
【11】GRACoL.G7 Training Guide [EB/OL]. http://www.gracol.org,2006
【12】Isis Imaging Corporation. Workflow Test Forms Suite User Guide[R].Isis Imaging Corporation,2003
【13】Anthony P.Stanton. GATF Digital Sheetfed Test Form 4.1 user guide [R]. The Graphic Arts Technical Foundation,1997
【14】Michael J.Johnston. The Integration of Color Management for Digital Offset Printing Technology[R].PIA/GATF Color Management Conference,2006
【15】朱元宏,王利捷等.保证阶调一致性的正确晒版范围的分析方法.武汉大学学报[J].2005(11):1008～1011
【16】薛永薰,赵风艳.PS 版反差系数与制版标准.印刷质量与标准化[J].2003(1):15～17
【17】周晓辉.PS 版晒版工艺规范化及印版磨损现象的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2005
【18】王世勤.曝光及显影对 PS 版耐印率的影响.广东印刷[J].2000(1):16~17
【19】殷幼芳.胶印数据化与规范化[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1981
【20】李育喜.调频加网制版工艺研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2001
【21】张逸新.分色制版新技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001
【22】李宝强.规范化、数据化是保证提高彩报质量的关键.今日印刷[J],1999(4):107～110
【23】丁红磊.柔性版制版工艺的规范化.今日印刷[J].2002(11):17～18
【24】杨艳华.柔性版印刷品的质量检测与控制:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2001
【25】张 .商业表格印刷工艺规范化的研究:[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2002
【26】陈正伟.印刷品墨层厚度和纸张白度对颜色再现的回归分析.出版与印刷[J].2000(2):40~43
【27】李荣.印版制作工艺[M].中国轻工业出版社.2001:50~53
【28】向阳,王捷先,齐晓堃.印刷材料及适性[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2000:148~149
【29】刘昕.胶版印刷工艺原理[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2000:148~153
【30】全国印刷标准化委员会.CY/T5-1999 平版印刷品质量要求及检验方法[S].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005
【31】胡成发.印刷色彩与色度学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1993:174~190
【32】林建达.印刷灰色平衡控制法则之研究[EB/OL].http://www.bisenet.com/2005/5-11/10282968710. html,2005
【33】李云雁,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:44~64
【34】GRACoL.G7 工艺使用介绍[R]. General Recommendations for Applications in Offset Lithography, 2006
【35】George W. Jorgensen.色彩套准控制[R].GATF 研究项目报告 No.6144