基于ZigBee无线传感器技术的心电监护网络的研究
|
摘要
目前心脏病已成为危害人类健康最常见的疾病之一。针对这一现状,利用ZigBee无线传感器技术构建移动性好、覆盖面广、低功耗、低成本和高可靠性的心电监护网络平台具有重要的社会意义和应用价值。本文的主要研究内容如下:
(1)提出了基于ZigBee技术的心电监护网络平台总体架构模型,围绕着该模型结构,给出了网络内各功能部件的结构设计方案,并详细描述了部件之间的数据传输机制。这一部分的主要创新点在于将短距离通讯的无线传感器网络技术应用到心电监护领域。(2)在分析了无线传感器网络节点定位的基本理论基础上,提出了一种利用TDOA技术和Bounding box计算法相结合的新型目标节点定位算法,并对该算法的实现过程进行了仿真实验,其结果表明:该算法定位精度较高,满足心电监护网络内未知节点的定位要求。这一部分主要创新点在于提出了一种新的目标节点定位算法。(3)通过对心电监护网络定位系统的需求分析,给出了系统内各关键设备的硬软件平台的设计方案,并对定位系统的原型机进行了测试,其结果表明:该系统的定位精度较高,已达到预先设计的目标。这一部分主要创新点在于利用已提出的定位算法构建了一套完整的适用于心电监护网络的目标定位系统,充分验证了定位算法的可行性和有效性。
As the development of society and economy, People pay more and more attention to their health. It is very important to prevent and treat heart disease, since it becomes the disease with highest mortality rate. The Electrocardiograph Monitoring System has become one of important means for curing the heart disease. And with the development of wireless technology and sensor technology, one kind of transportable new electrocardiograph monitoring network is established. Instead of the traditional electrocardiograph monitoring system, the new monitoring network will bring new idea in the electrocardiograph monitoring domain, which greatly meets the development trend of current measurement technology and the wireless instruments technology. Electrocardiograph monitoring network has combined many small multi-independent monitoring systems together and has become a great electrocardiograph monitoring system for hospital or community. In the monitoring system, many functions are realized such as data acquisition, data analysis, data management of ECG and so on. Meanwhile, the patient can walk freely in the electrocardiograph monitoring network, and they don't need to stay long time in bed. Therefore the data's monitor of the ECG is more accurate, which provided the reliable basic for clinical experiment in the Heart disease's treatment.
ZigBee technology is a new wireless sensor technology with short distance, lower power consumption, lower complexity, lower data rate and lower cost. Mainly based on the IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard, the technology will realize communication through mutually coordination between thousands of small sensors. The efficiency of wireless communication is so high that as long as the small sensors obtain a little energy, the sensors can then transfer the data from one sensor to another through radio wave continuously. ZigBee technology has many advantages such as easy protocol, low cost, various functions and easy establishment of network, which has gain great market share in so many fields including intelligent furnishings, automatic building, industry monitor and medical examination. Therefore the research of ZigBee becomes the foundation of electrocardiograph monitor network.
With the development of Wireless communication technology and Electronic technology, the sensor manufacture technology which has lower power consumption, low cost and various functions grows rapidly. The sensor nodes with sensing unit, data processing unit and communication module compose the wireless sensor network through mutual cooperation. The wireless sensor network is the most new information acquisition and processing technology. It has combined the wireless communication technology, the sensor technology, distributional information processing and management technology and the micro mechanical and electrical technology. And it has great advantages when compared with other technologies such as quickly deploying, easily building network, no need for fixed equipment support and no restriction of wired network. Wireless sensor network technology has become the hot topic in the current computer domain, and it has great applications in many fields such as military, environmental monitor, medical field and so on. The electrocardiograph monitoring network has the mobility, and the patients will have more activity space in hospital, so it is necessary to do the localization track for the patients' position information.In the wireless sensor network, location information is very important for the monitoring activity. The main basic function of the sensor network is to confirm the event position and to obtain the message's node position. In the wireless sensor network, node localization means using the minority node of known position to determine its own position according to some kind of localization mechanism. After the sensor node obtains its own correct positional information, it can then confirm the monitoring event position. Therefore the node localization technology has become one of the main support technologies in wireless sensor network, which has great academic significance and application value in increasing the performance and practicability of sensor network technology. Moreover, the node localization problem has also become the key problem which must be solved in the research of electrocardiograph monitoring network.
Since the Electrocardiograph monitoring has very strict criterion of the system power and anti-jamming performance, and since the ZigBee technology has low power consumption, low complexity and high anti-jamming ability, the paper selects the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee to build the electrocardiograph monitoring network in hospital.In order to realize the goal of mobile monitoring in the monitoring network, Doctors needs to track the patients' location information and to treat the patients in the scene as soon as possible. To solve the location problem of unknown terminal node, a new goal-node localization algorithm based on electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed. And then a target location system is built to test the application effectiveness and feasibility of the goal-node localization algorithm. The details are as follows:
(1) To overcome the problem of high energy consumption and low reliability in the current monitoring system of the electrocardiograph, a new model of the electrocardiograph monitoring system is designed according to the ZigBee technology which was based on the basic theories of the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee. This paper has analyzed the principle of system working and the monitoring network, proposes the design of the network structure and the model of the main function devices, and simultaneously describes the detailed working process and data transmission mode of the devices. Electrocardiograph monitoring network is the foundation for the following chapters' research, which achieves the goal of the mobile monitoring in the hospital scope. The monitoring network applies the short distance communication technology based on ZigBee into the electrocardiograph domain, and the model of electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed which opens new research way of the electrocardiograph monitoring. Moreover, the model has the abilities of low power consumption and high anti-jamming performance, which has great value for other wireless network application.
(2) To obtain the effective location information of the patients in the electrocardiograph monitoring network and to solve the location track problem of the patients, based on the basic theories of node location in the wireless sensor network, a new Node Localization Method is proposed by making use of TDOA technology and Bounding box algorithm. The algorithm combines the ultrasonic-radio ranging method and wireless technology together, and effective distance measurement between terminal and router was realized. And terminal coordinate is calculated by Bounding box algorithm. The simulation experiment about the localization algorithm was also taken and the result indicates: the counting error in the computation of Bounding box algorithm can be ignored and higher precious localization goal can be achieved based on the more precious veracity between the router node and the terminal node. The localization algorithm effectively solves the problem of target node in electrocardiograph monitoring network and also meets localization request of the low power consumption, low complexity and high precision. Moreover, the simulation experiment fully proves that this algorithm is feasible and effective in the location application of the electrocardiograph monitoring network. Therefore, this algorithm has become one more new solution of localization problem in wireless sensor network.
(3) To test the feasibility and validity of the node localization algorithm, based on the electrocardiograph monitoring network, one kind of Localization system for electrocardiograph monitoring network is designed using ultrasonic radio and wireless positioning technology. The paper has deeply analyzed the various functions of the location system, described the principle of work, designed the project of hardware platform and the software platform with the major function device and described detailed work process of the devices in the location system. And test experiment of prototype machine was taken and the result indicates that: this location system meets the localization request of the low power consumption, the low complexity, and the high precision and it has good practical significance. Above all, the localization technology is feasible and effective in the ZigBee electrocardiograph monitoring network.
(1)提出了基于ZigBee技术的心电监护网络平台总体架构模型,围绕着该模型结构,给出了网络内各功能部件的结构设计方案,并详细描述了部件之间的数据传输机制。这一部分的主要创新点在于将短距离通讯的无线传感器网络技术应用到心电监护领域。(2)在分析了无线传感器网络节点定位的基本理论基础上,提出了一种利用TDOA技术和Bounding box计算法相结合的新型目标节点定位算法,并对该算法的实现过程进行了仿真实验,其结果表明:该算法定位精度较高,满足心电监护网络内未知节点的定位要求。这一部分主要创新点在于提出了一种新的目标节点定位算法。(3)通过对心电监护网络定位系统的需求分析,给出了系统内各关键设备的硬软件平台的设计方案,并对定位系统的原型机进行了测试,其结果表明:该系统的定位精度较高,已达到预先设计的目标。这一部分主要创新点在于利用已提出的定位算法构建了一套完整的适用于心电监护网络的目标定位系统,充分验证了定位算法的可行性和有效性。
As the development of society and economy, People pay more and more attention to their health. It is very important to prevent and treat heart disease, since it becomes the disease with highest mortality rate. The Electrocardiograph Monitoring System has become one of important means for curing the heart disease. And with the development of wireless technology and sensor technology, one kind of transportable new electrocardiograph monitoring network is established. Instead of the traditional electrocardiograph monitoring system, the new monitoring network will bring new idea in the electrocardiograph monitoring domain, which greatly meets the development trend of current measurement technology and the wireless instruments technology. Electrocardiograph monitoring network has combined many small multi-independent monitoring systems together and has become a great electrocardiograph monitoring system for hospital or community. In the monitoring system, many functions are realized such as data acquisition, data analysis, data management of ECG and so on. Meanwhile, the patient can walk freely in the electrocardiograph monitoring network, and they don't need to stay long time in bed. Therefore the data's monitor of the ECG is more accurate, which provided the reliable basic for clinical experiment in the Heart disease's treatment.
ZigBee technology is a new wireless sensor technology with short distance, lower power consumption, lower complexity, lower data rate and lower cost. Mainly based on the IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard, the technology will realize communication through mutually coordination between thousands of small sensors. The efficiency of wireless communication is so high that as long as the small sensors obtain a little energy, the sensors can then transfer the data from one sensor to another through radio wave continuously. ZigBee technology has many advantages such as easy protocol, low cost, various functions and easy establishment of network, which has gain great market share in so many fields including intelligent furnishings, automatic building, industry monitor and medical examination. Therefore the research of ZigBee becomes the foundation of electrocardiograph monitor network.
With the development of Wireless communication technology and Electronic technology, the sensor manufacture technology which has lower power consumption, low cost and various functions grows rapidly. The sensor nodes with sensing unit, data processing unit and communication module compose the wireless sensor network through mutual cooperation. The wireless sensor network is the most new information acquisition and processing technology. It has combined the wireless communication technology, the sensor technology, distributional information processing and management technology and the micro mechanical and electrical technology. And it has great advantages when compared with other technologies such as quickly deploying, easily building network, no need for fixed equipment support and no restriction of wired network. Wireless sensor network technology has become the hot topic in the current computer domain, and it has great applications in many fields such as military, environmental monitor, medical field and so on. The electrocardiograph monitoring network has the mobility, and the patients will have more activity space in hospital, so it is necessary to do the localization track for the patients' position information.In the wireless sensor network, location information is very important for the monitoring activity. The main basic function of the sensor network is to confirm the event position and to obtain the message's node position. In the wireless sensor network, node localization means using the minority node of known position to determine its own position according to some kind of localization mechanism. After the sensor node obtains its own correct positional information, it can then confirm the monitoring event position. Therefore the node localization technology has become one of the main support technologies in wireless sensor network, which has great academic significance and application value in increasing the performance and practicability of sensor network technology. Moreover, the node localization problem has also become the key problem which must be solved in the research of electrocardiograph monitoring network.
Since the Electrocardiograph monitoring has very strict criterion of the system power and anti-jamming performance, and since the ZigBee technology has low power consumption, low complexity and high anti-jamming ability, the paper selects the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee to build the electrocardiograph monitoring network in hospital.In order to realize the goal of mobile monitoring in the monitoring network, Doctors needs to track the patients' location information and to treat the patients in the scene as soon as possible. To solve the location problem of unknown terminal node, a new goal-node localization algorithm based on electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed. And then a target location system is built to test the application effectiveness and feasibility of the goal-node localization algorithm. The details are as follows:
(1) To overcome the problem of high energy consumption and low reliability in the current monitoring system of the electrocardiograph, a new model of the electrocardiograph monitoring system is designed according to the ZigBee technology which was based on the basic theories of the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee. This paper has analyzed the principle of system working and the monitoring network, proposes the design of the network structure and the model of the main function devices, and simultaneously describes the detailed working process and data transmission mode of the devices. Electrocardiograph monitoring network is the foundation for the following chapters' research, which achieves the goal of the mobile monitoring in the hospital scope. The monitoring network applies the short distance communication technology based on ZigBee into the electrocardiograph domain, and the model of electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed which opens new research way of the electrocardiograph monitoring. Moreover, the model has the abilities of low power consumption and high anti-jamming performance, which has great value for other wireless network application.
(2) To obtain the effective location information of the patients in the electrocardiograph monitoring network and to solve the location track problem of the patients, based on the basic theories of node location in the wireless sensor network, a new Node Localization Method is proposed by making use of TDOA technology and Bounding box algorithm. The algorithm combines the ultrasonic-radio ranging method and wireless technology together, and effective distance measurement between terminal and router was realized. And terminal coordinate is calculated by Bounding box algorithm. The simulation experiment about the localization algorithm was also taken and the result indicates: the counting error in the computation of Bounding box algorithm can be ignored and higher precious localization goal can be achieved based on the more precious veracity between the router node and the terminal node. The localization algorithm effectively solves the problem of target node in electrocardiograph monitoring network and also meets localization request of the low power consumption, low complexity and high precision. Moreover, the simulation experiment fully proves that this algorithm is feasible and effective in the location application of the electrocardiograph monitoring network. Therefore, this algorithm has become one more new solution of localization problem in wireless sensor network.
(3) To test the feasibility and validity of the node localization algorithm, based on the electrocardiograph monitoring network, one kind of Localization system for electrocardiograph monitoring network is designed using ultrasonic radio and wireless positioning technology. The paper has deeply analyzed the various functions of the location system, described the principle of work, designed the project of hardware platform and the software platform with the major function device and described detailed work process of the devices in the location system. And test experiment of prototype machine was taken and the result indicates that: this location system meets the localization request of the low power consumption, the low complexity, and the high precision and it has good practical significance. Above all, the localization technology is feasible and effective in the ZigBee electrocardiograph monitoring network.
引文
[1]吴学勤.动态心电图技术与应用[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,1998.
[2]黄大显.现代心电图学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1998.
[3]王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003.
[4]余奎,林国庆,耿俊佑等.现代医学监护仪器的应用特点及发展趋势[J].医疗设备信息,2003,18(1):41-43.
[5]Liu Tong,Shen Lian-feng,Ye Zhi-hui.Analysis and simulation of the jamming model in WPAN application EM environment[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2003,18(1):75-81.
[6]Qiu Xiaohua,Shen Lianfeng,Gu Yan.Frequency hopping characteristics analysis of fast frequency hopping systems in WPAN environment[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2004,9(3):113-117.
[7]Wang W,Soung C L,L i O K.Solutions to performance problems in VoIP over a 802.11wireless LAN[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2005,54(1):366-384.
[8]Cai Fan,Yin Yan,Zhang Xiuzhong.Research on signal processing algorithms in GPS receivers[J].Progress in Astronomy,2007,25(I):84-95.
[9]Zhang Yong,Lin Baojun,Xu Zhihan.Study on simulation of signal search acquisition in software GPS receiver[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(9):2646-2649.
[10]Ledvina B M,Mark L Psiaki,Steven P Powell,et al.Bit-wise parallel algorithms for efficient software correlation applied to a GPS software receiver[J].IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications,2004,3(5):1469-1473.
[11]Kim Sung Won,Kim Byung Seo,Fang Yuguang.Downlink and uplink resource allocation in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[J].IEEE Transaction and Vehicular Technology.2005,54(1):320-327.
[12]Liu Jainshing,Lin Chunhung.Richard Achieving efficiency channel utilization and weighted fairness in IEEE 802.11 WLANs with a P-persistent enhanced DCF[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks,Beijing,China,2007:174-184.
[13]Jardosh Amit P.,Iannaccone Gianluca,Papagiannaki Konstantina,Vinnakota Bapi.Towards an energy-star WLAN infrastructure[C].Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,Tucson,AZ,United States,2007:85-90.
[14]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[15]于海滨,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[16]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124.
[17]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络与感知数据管理的概念、问题与研究进展[J].软件学报,2003,14(10):1717-1727.
[18]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163_174.
[19]Hren R.,Stroink G.Noninvasive characterisation of multiple ventricular events using electrocardiographic imaging[J].Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing,2001,39(4):447-454.
[20]Harland C.J.,Clark T.D.,Prance R.J.High resolution ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring using wrist-mounted electric potential sensors[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2003,14(7):923-928.
[21]Seger M.,Fischer G.,Modre R.,Messnarz B.,Hanser E,Tilg B.Lead field computation for the electrocardiographic inverse problem-Finite elements versus boundary elements[J].Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,2005,77(3):241-252.
[22]Ueno Akinori,Akabane Yasunao,Kato Tsuyoshi,Hoshino Hiroshi,Kataoka Sachiyo,Ishiyama Yoji.Capacitive sensing of electrocardiographic potential through cloth from the dorsal surface of the body in a supine position:A preliminary study[J].2007,54(4):759-766.
[23]Velipasaoglu Emre O.,Sun Huabin,Zhang Fulong,Berrier Keith L.,Khoury Dirar S.Spatial regularization of the electrocardiographic inverse problem and its application to endocardial mapping[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2000,47(3):327-337.
[24]Bradley C.P.,Pullan Andrew J.,Hunter P.J.Effects of Material Properties and Geometry on Electrocardiographic Forward Simulations[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2000,28(7):721-741.
[25]苗建宁,朱宇.Holter技术发展展望[J].医学信息,2006,19(02):202-204.
[26]吴宝明,彭静,彭承琳,朱新建.一种具有远程传输能力的新型血压Holter[J].北京生物医学工程,2002,21(04):252-255.
[27]闫相国,郑崇勋,康雨.高采样Holter系统心电数据记录与传输技术[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(12):1310-1314.
[28]付德明,肖传实,王红宇.电话传输心电图在冠心病心肌缺血的临床应用进展[J].中国心血管杂志,2005,10(02):152-154.
[29]Throne Robert D.,Olson Lorraine G.Fusion of body surface potential and body surface Laplacian signals for electrocardiographic imaging[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2000,47(4):452-462.
[30]胡晖,杨希立,谭海斌.电话传输心电图在PTCA术后患者康复医疗中的应用[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2003,12(05):404-406.
[31]李开元,王卫东,应俊.基于nRF905的心电无线遥测系统的研究与实现[J].北京生物医学工程,2007,26(6):626-628.
[32]Roth Arie,Golovner Michal.Interference with transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmissions by occult metallic dust particles[J].Israel Medical Association Journal.2002,4(9):736.
[33]Li G.,He B.Localization of the site of origin of cardiac activation by means of a heart-model-based electrocardiographic imaging approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2001,48(6):660-669.
[34]Ubeyli Elif Derya,Guler Inan.Detection of electrocardiographic changes in partial epileptic patients using Lyapunov exponents with multilayer perceptron neural networks[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2004,17(6):567-576.
[35]Van Alste J A,Van Eck W,Herrmann OE.ECG baseline wander reduction using Linear phase filter[J].Computers and Biomedical Research,1986,19(5):417-427.
[36]Wang Zhenzhou,Ning Xinbao,Zhang Daobin,Tao Yueyu,Zhang Yu,Du Gonghuan.Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of synchronous 12-lead ECG signals[J].Zhongguo Shengwu Yixue Gongcheng Xuebao,2001,20(6):521.
[37]Wang Daxiong,Wang Guojun.Development of a portable ambulatory ECG monitor based on embedded microprocessor unit[J].Hangtian Yixue Yu Yixue Gongcheng,2005,18(3):196-200.
[38]Ho C.S.,Chiang T.K.,Lin C.H.,Lin P.Y.,Cheng J.L.,Ho S.H.Design of portable ECG recorder with USB storage[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits 2007,Tainan,Taiwan,2007:1095-1098.
[39]Nakatsuka Keisuke,Nakamura Kenzo,Hirata Yuichi,Hattori Takeshi.A proposal of the co-existence MAC of IEEE 802.11b/g and 802.15.4 used for the wireless sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2006 5th IEEE Conference on Sensors,Daegu,South Korea,2006:722-725.
[40]Qu Yugui,Zhai Yujia,Lin Zhiting,Zhao Baohua,Zhang Yingtang.Novel sensor placement model in wireless sensor network[J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2004,27(6):1-5.
[41]Bi Yanzhong,Sun Limin,Zhu Hongsong,Yah Tingxin,Luo Zhengjun.Parking management system based on wireless sensor network[J].Zidonghua Xuebao,2006.32(6):968-977.
[42]Holman R.,Stanley J.Ozkan-Haller T.Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2003,2(4):14-21.
[43]Al-raisi Yaqoob J.,Parish David J..Wireless sensor network performance monitoring[C].Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications,Valencia,Spain,2007:277-282.
[44] Shen Yan, Guo Bing. Dynamic power management based on wavelet neural network in wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 EFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops, Dalian, China, 2007:431-436.
[45] Hossain Ashraf, Chakrabarti S., Biswas P. K.. An analysis on guaranteed network lifetime for cluster-based wireless sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems 2007, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,2007:399-402.
[46] Akyildiz I F, Pompili D, Melodia T. Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges [J].Elsevier Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 2005, 3(3): 257-279.
[47] Zhang YC, Liu W, Lou WJ, Fang YG. Location-Based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks [J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2006, 24(2):247-260.
[48] Zhou Xianwei, Liu Bin, Qin Boping. Research on routing algorithm for wireless sensor network [J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, 2006, 19(2):463-467.
[49] Tian Hui, Shen Hong, Matsuzawa Teruo. Random walk routing in WSNs with regular topologies [J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2006, 21(4):496-502.
[50] Depart A., Flammini A., Marioli D. et al. USB sensor network for industrial applications[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 21st Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Como, Italy, 2004:1203-1207.
[51] Khalid Zubair, Ahmed Ghufran, Khan Noor M.. A real-time energy-aware routing strategy for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, Bangkok, Thailand, 2007:381-384.
[52] Xuyong Huang, Shihong Miao, Pei Liu. A wireless sensor network for distribution bus protection[C] .Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Mannheim, Germany, 2007:382-386.
[53] Simic S N, Sastry S. Distributed environmental monitoring using random sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Berlin,Germany, 2003:582-592.
[54] Kummakasikit Manoon, Thipchaksurat Sakchai, Varakulsiripunth Ruttikorn. Performance improvement of associativity-based routing protocol for mobile Ad hoc networks[C].Proceedings of the 2005 Fifth International Conference on Information,Communications and Signal Processing, Bangkok, Thailand, 2005:16-20.
[55] Li Dongsheng, Xiang Yong, Shi Meilin, Wang Xiaodong. Busy-zone avoidable energy consume balance routing in mobile ad hoc networks[C].Proceedings of the IMACS Multiconference on Computational Engineering in Systems Applications, Beijing, China,2006:1383-1387.
[56] Chen Shigang, Nahrstedt K. Distributed quality-of-service routing in Ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1999,17(8):1488-1505.
[57]Lin Kai,Zhao Hai,Yin Zhenyu,Zhang Xiyuan.Energy prediction and routing algorithm in wireless sensor network[J].Tongxin Xuebao,2006,27(5):21-27.
[58]Ren Xiaojing,Chen Guangju.Algorithm and realization for wireless sensor network adapting to the expansibility of network size[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2006,19(2):472-476.
[59]Sinha A,Chandrakasan A.Dynamic power management in wireless sensor networks [J].IEEE Design and Test of Computers,2001,18(2):62-74.
[60]Sohrabi k.,Gao J.,Ailawadhi V et al.Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network[J].IEEE Personal Communications Magszine,2000,7(5):16-27.
[61]Oh Hyoung Seok,Song Taeksang,Yoon Euisik,Kim Choong Ki.A power-efficient injection-locked Class-E power amplifier for wireless sensor network[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2006,16(4):173-175.
[62]Zhong Ziguo,Hu Aiqun,Wang Dan.Physical layer design of wireless sensor network nodes[J].Journal of Southeast University(English Edition),2006,22(1):21-25.
[63]Mao Guoqiang,Fidan Baris,Anderson Brian D.O.Wireless sensor network localization techniques[J].Comput.Networks,2007,51(10):2529-2553.
[64]Wang Yenli,An Shiqan.Research on the coverage of wireless sensor network[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2005,18(2):307-312.
[65]Jeong Yoonsu,Hwang Yoon Cheol,Lee Sang Ho.Efficient cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor network[J].WSEAS Transactions on Communications,2006,5(5):868-876.
[66]Gutierrez J A.On the use of IEEE 802.15.4 to enable wireless sensor networks in building automation[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC'04),Barcelona,Spain,2004:1865-1869.
[67]Li Li,Dong Shusong,Wen Xiangming.Energy efficient clustering routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks[J].Journal of ChIna Universities of Posts and Telecommunications,2006,13(3):71-75.
[68]De Sousa Silva Ana Carolina,Cespedes Arce Aldo Ivan,Souto Sergio,Xavier Costa Ernane Jose.A wireless floating base sensor network for physiological responses of livestock[J],Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,49(2):246-254.
[69]Brown Stephen,Sreenan Cormac J..A new model for updating software in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Network,2006,20(6):42-47.
[70]Yang Z K,Yuan Y,He J H.Determining the number of nodes for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies:Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication,Shanghai,China,2004: 501-504.
[71]Zhang W S,Cao G H.Optimizing tree reconfiguration for mobile target tracking in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 23th Annual Joint Conference on the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM'04),Hong Kong,China,2004:2434-2445.
[72]Lin Kai,Zhao Hal,Yin Zhenyu,Bi Yuanguo.Adaptive double ring Scheduling strategy based on TinyOS[J].Dongbei Daxue Xuebao,2007,28(7):985-988.
[73]Chen Xizhen,Wang Shumao,Xu Yongjun.Schedule mechanism and its improving methods of TinyOS[J].Jisuanji Gongcheng,2006,32(19):85-87.
[74]Xue Hao,Wan Jiangwen,Feng Renjian.Study on error correction rnethods in TDOA distance measurement based on TinyOS[J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2008,31(1):22-25.
[75]Choi Jae Min,Ahn Byeong Kyu,Cha You sung,Kuc Tae Yong..Remote- controlled home robot server with zigbee sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference,Busan,South Korea,2006:3739-3743.
[76]刘瑞强,冯长安,蒋延,周正.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].遥测遥控,2006,27(5):57-61.
[77]任秀丽,于海斌.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感网的安全分析[J].计算机科学,2006,33(10):111-113.
[78]丁飞,张西良,张世庆.基于ZigBee的无线通信技术及其应用[J].江苏通信技术,2006,22(5):24-27.
[79]Wheeler Andrew.Commercial applications of wireless sensor networks using ZigBee [J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2007,45(4):70-77.
[80]Kobayashi Hideyuki,Sugiura Akihiko.Basic consideration of estimated congestion distance system using ZigBee[C].Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology,Gangwon- Do,South Korea,20(17:1469-1473.
[81]Ran Peng,Sun Maoheng,Zou Youmin.ZigBee routing selection strategy based on data services and energy-balanced ZigBee routing[C].Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,Guangzhou,China,2006:400-404.
[82]Fukui K,Fukunaga S,Tanimoto K.ZigBee technology for low-cost and low-power radio communication systems[J].Journal Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers,2005,88(1):40-45.
[83]Park Wan-Ki,Han Intark,Park Kwang-Roh.ZigBee based dynamic control scheme for multiple legacy IR controllable digital consumer devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2007,53(1):172-177.
[84]Ha Jae Yeol,Park Hong Seong,Choi Sunghyun,Kwon Wook Hyun.EHRP:Enhanced hierarchical routing protocol for ZigBee mesh networks[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2007,11(12):1028-1030.
[85]EGAN D.The Emergence of ZigBee in Building Automation and Industrial Control[J].Computing & Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(2):14-19.
[86]Ren Xiuli,Yu Haibin.Study on security of ZigBee wireless sensor network[J].Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao,2007,28(12):2132-2137.
[87]Baumann Chris.ZigBee or 802.15.4 network layer - Is there room for both?[J].Electronic Design,2006,54(20):22.
[88]Xie Xiaojia,Cheng Lijun,Wang Yong.Tracking and locating system of the mining personnel based on the Zigbee wireless network platform[J].Meitan Xuebao,2007,32(8):884-888.
[89]Lee Jin Shyan,Huang Yang Chih.Design and implementation of ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4nodes for wireless sensor networks[J].Measurement and Control,2006,39(7):204-208.
[90]Bao Changchun,Shi Ruizhen,Ma Yuquan,Liu Rongchang,Lun Cuifen,Wang Qingzhu,Liu Shiguang.Design and realization of measuring and controlling system based on ZigBee technology in agricultural facilities[J].Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao,2007,23(8):160-164.
[91]Anon.An IEEE 802.15.4 compliant and ZigBee-ready 2.4 GHz RF transceiver [J].Microwave Journal,2004,47(6):130-135.
[92]Felemban E,Lee CG,Ekici E.MMSPEED:Multipath multi-SPEED protocol for QoS guarantee of reliability and timeliness in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2006,5(6):738-754.
[93]Wan CY,Campbell AT,Krishnamurthy L.Pump-slowly,fetch-quickly(PSFQ):a Reliable transport protocol for sensor networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23(4):862 -872.
[94]Fred Stann,John Heidemann.RMST:Reliable data transport in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Sensor Net Protocols and Applications,Anchorage,Alaska,USA,2003:102-112.
[95]Lin Frank Yeongsung,Wen Yeanfu.Multi-sink data aggregation routing and scheduling with dynamic radii in WSNs[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2006,10(10):692-694.
[96]原羿,苏鸿根.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,21(6):89-91.
[97]蒋泰,李柏.基于ZigBee技术的无线射频识别系统设计[J].广西科学院学报,2006,22(4):306-308.
[98]Schurgers Curt,Kulkarni Gautam,Srivastava Mani B..Distributed on-demand address assignment in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2002,13(10):1056-1065.
[99] Zhao Jerry, Govindan Ramesh, Estrin Deborah. Sensor network tomography: Monitoring wireless sensor networks [J].Computer Communication Review, 2002, 32(1):64.
[100] Hedetniemi S, Liestman A. A survey of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks [J].IEEE Networks, 1988, 18(4):319-349.
[101] Estrin Deborah, Govindan Ramesh, Heidemann John, Kumar Satish. Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 1999 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Seattle, WA, USA, 1999:263-270.
[102] Mann Raminder P., Namuduri Kamesh R., Pendse Ravi. Energy-aware routing protocol for ad hoc wireless sensor networks [J]. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2005,2005(5): 635-644.
[103] Braginsky David, Estrin Deborah. Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2002:22-31.
[104] Yang Cheng Chih, Weng Chien Erh, Zhang Jiaming, Lain Jenn Kaie, Wen Jyh Horng. Amodified energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, Penang, Malaysia, 2007:540-544.
[105] Machado Renita, Tekinay Sirin. Bounds on the error in estimating redundancy in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, Valencia, Spain, 2007:319-324.
[106] Guo Chunlong, Zhong Lizhi Charlie, Rabaey Jan M.. Low power distributed MAC for ad hoc sensor radio networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunicatins Conference GLOBECOM'01, San Antonio, TX, United States, 2001:2944-2948.
[107] Chu M, Haussecker H, Zhao F. Scalable information-driven sensor querying and routing for ad hoc heterogeneous sensor networks[J]. Internationnal Journal on High Performance Computing Applications, 2002, 16(3):293-313.
[108] Zhu Jian, Zhao Hai, Sun Peigang, Bi Yuanguo. Equilateral triangle localization algorithm based on average RSSI [J].Dongbei Daxue Xuebao, 2007,28(8): 1094-1097.
[109] Zhang Yiheng, Cui Qimei, Zhang Ping, Tao Xiaofeng. TDOA estimation in the distributed multi-antenna system [J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao, 2007,30(6): 18-22.
[110] Ma Jinming. Research on TDOA estimating algorithms [J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2007,30(1):96-99.
[111] Xie Hong, Wei Na. Simple NLOS error mitigation algorithm based on TDOA mobile location [J].Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao, 2005, 26(1): 114-118.
[112] Duan Kaiyu, Zhang Lijun. A TDOA/AOA location algorithm based on kalman filtering angle of arrival [J].Dianzi Yu Xinxi Xuebao, 2006,28(9): 1710-1713.
[113]Li Jing,Pei Liang,Cao Maoyong,Yu Daoyin.Super-resolution TOA algorithm in multi-path environments[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2006,21(5):771-776.
[114]Zhen Jie,Ma Xiao-Hong,Zhang Shu-Fang.TOA-based combined location positioning algorithm in NLOS propagation environment[J].Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao,2005,45(4):599-602.
[115]Ren Guangliang,Zhang Hui,Chang Yilin.Maximum likelihood channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2004,19(1):53-37.
[116]Zhang Rongquan,Du Yuming,Yang Jianyu,Huang Yulin,Xiong Jintao.Maximum likelihood estimation model and parameter fast estimation algorithm of LFM signal[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2005,20(5):651-655.
[117]Gao Feng,Wu Junjun,Wang Tongyang,Zhou Ji.Swift interference checking based on envelops bounding box decomposition[J].Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao,2000,12(6):435-440.
[118]Daneshgaran F.,Laddomada M.,Mondin M..Connection between system parameters and localization probability in network of randomly distributed nodes[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2007,6(12):4383-4389.
[119]Hightower J,Boriello G.Location systems for ubiquitous computing[J].Computer,2001,34(8):57-66.
[120]Toufik Issam,Knopp Raymond.Wideband channel allocation in distributed antenna systems[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,Montreal,QC,Canada,2006:1248-1252.
[121]Karalar Tufan C.,Yamashita Shunzo,Sheets Michael,Rabaey Jan.A low power localization architecture and system for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation,Austin,TX,United States,2004:89-94.
[122]Bulusu N,Heidemann J,Estrin D.GPS-Less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices[J].IEEE Personal Communications,2000,7(5):28-34.
[123]Ninupama Bulusu,John Heidemann and Deborah Farm.GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices[J],IEEE Personal Communications,2000,10(715):28-34.
[124]Srdjan Capkun,Maher Hamdi,Jean Pierre Hubanx.GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Maul,Hawaii,USA,2001:3481-3390.
[125]Kim Yonghan,Yang Bo Suk,Tan Andy C.C..Bearing parameter identification of rotor-bearing system using clustering-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2007,33(6):493-506.
[126]Yu Bo,Xu Qing,Feng Guochen.On the complexity of a combined homotopy interior method for convex programming [J].Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2007, 200(1):32-46.
[127] Yuancan Huang. A novel method to handle inequality constraints for convex programming neural network [J]. Neural Processing Letters, 2002,16(1):17-27.
[128] Azar Yossi, Epstein Amir. Convex programming for scheduling unrelated parallel machines[C].Proceedings of the 13th Color Imaging Conference: Color Science, Systems,Technologies, and Applications, Scottsdale,AZ, United States, 2005:331-337.
[129] Shang Yi, Ruml Wheeler, Zhang Ying, Fromherz Markus P.J.. Localization from mere connectivity[C].Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Annapolis, MD, United States, 2003:201-212.
[130] Min Yin, Jian Shu, Linlan Liu, Hengfeng Zhang. The influence of beacon on DV-hop in wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, Hunan, China, 2006:459-462.
[131] Wang Xinmao, Pan Victor Y.. Acceleration of Euclidean algorithm and rational number reconstruction [J].SIAM Journal on Computing, 2003,32(2):548-556.
[132] Arnault Francois, Berger Thiery P., Necer Abdelkadar. Feedback with carry shift registers synthesis with the Euclidean algorithm [J].EEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2004,50(5):910-917.
[133] Jun Ming Kuang, Liu Ming. A novel explicit pose estimation algorithm based on Euclidean geometry[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Acquisition, ICIA 2007, Jeju City, South Korea, 2007:247-252.
[134] Sawides Andreas, Park Heemin, Srivastava Mani B.. The bits and flops of the n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems[C].Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, Atlanta, GA,United States, 2002:112-121.
[135] Sawides Andreas, Park Heemin, Srivastava Mani B.. The n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems [J].Mobile Networks and Applications, 2003, 8(4):443-451.
[2]黄大显.现代心电图学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1998.
[3]王保华.生物医学测量与仪器[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003.
[4]余奎,林国庆,耿俊佑等.现代医学监护仪器的应用特点及发展趋势[J].医疗设备信息,2003,18(1):41-43.
[5]Liu Tong,Shen Lian-feng,Ye Zhi-hui.Analysis and simulation of the jamming model in WPAN application EM environment[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2003,18(1):75-81.
[6]Qiu Xiaohua,Shen Lianfeng,Gu Yan.Frequency hopping characteristics analysis of fast frequency hopping systems in WPAN environment[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2004,9(3):113-117.
[7]Wang W,Soung C L,L i O K.Solutions to performance problems in VoIP over a 802.11wireless LAN[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2005,54(1):366-384.
[8]Cai Fan,Yin Yan,Zhang Xiuzhong.Research on signal processing algorithms in GPS receivers[J].Progress in Astronomy,2007,25(I):84-95.
[9]Zhang Yong,Lin Baojun,Xu Zhihan.Study on simulation of signal search acquisition in software GPS receiver[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(9):2646-2649.
[10]Ledvina B M,Mark L Psiaki,Steven P Powell,et al.Bit-wise parallel algorithms for efficient software correlation applied to a GPS software receiver[J].IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications,2004,3(5):1469-1473.
[11]Kim Sung Won,Kim Byung Seo,Fang Yuguang.Downlink and uplink resource allocation in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[J].IEEE Transaction and Vehicular Technology.2005,54(1):320-327.
[12]Liu Jainshing,Lin Chunhung.Richard Achieving efficiency channel utilization and weighted fairness in IEEE 802.11 WLANs with a P-persistent enhanced DCF[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks,Beijing,China,2007:174-184.
[13]Jardosh Amit P.,Iannaccone Gianluca,Papagiannaki Konstantina,Vinnakota Bapi.Towards an energy-star WLAN infrastructure[C].Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,Tucson,AZ,United States,2007:85-90.
[14]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[15]于海滨,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[16]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124.
[17]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络与感知数据管理的概念、问题与研究进展[J].软件学报,2003,14(10):1717-1727.
[18]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1):163_174.
[19]Hren R.,Stroink G.Noninvasive characterisation of multiple ventricular events using electrocardiographic imaging[J].Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing,2001,39(4):447-454.
[20]Harland C.J.,Clark T.D.,Prance R.J.High resolution ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring using wrist-mounted electric potential sensors[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2003,14(7):923-928.
[21]Seger M.,Fischer G.,Modre R.,Messnarz B.,Hanser E,Tilg B.Lead field computation for the electrocardiographic inverse problem-Finite elements versus boundary elements[J].Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,2005,77(3):241-252.
[22]Ueno Akinori,Akabane Yasunao,Kato Tsuyoshi,Hoshino Hiroshi,Kataoka Sachiyo,Ishiyama Yoji.Capacitive sensing of electrocardiographic potential through cloth from the dorsal surface of the body in a supine position:A preliminary study[J].2007,54(4):759-766.
[23]Velipasaoglu Emre O.,Sun Huabin,Zhang Fulong,Berrier Keith L.,Khoury Dirar S.Spatial regularization of the electrocardiographic inverse problem and its application to endocardial mapping[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2000,47(3):327-337.
[24]Bradley C.P.,Pullan Andrew J.,Hunter P.J.Effects of Material Properties and Geometry on Electrocardiographic Forward Simulations[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2000,28(7):721-741.
[25]苗建宁,朱宇.Holter技术发展展望[J].医学信息,2006,19(02):202-204.
[26]吴宝明,彭静,彭承琳,朱新建.一种具有远程传输能力的新型血压Holter[J].北京生物医学工程,2002,21(04):252-255.
[27]闫相国,郑崇勋,康雨.高采样Holter系统心电数据记录与传输技术[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(12):1310-1314.
[28]付德明,肖传实,王红宇.电话传输心电图在冠心病心肌缺血的临床应用进展[J].中国心血管杂志,2005,10(02):152-154.
[29]Throne Robert D.,Olson Lorraine G.Fusion of body surface potential and body surface Laplacian signals for electrocardiographic imaging[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2000,47(4):452-462.
[30]胡晖,杨希立,谭海斌.电话传输心电图在PTCA术后患者康复医疗中的应用[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2003,12(05):404-406.
[31]李开元,王卫东,应俊.基于nRF905的心电无线遥测系统的研究与实现[J].北京生物医学工程,2007,26(6):626-628.
[32]Roth Arie,Golovner Michal.Interference with transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmissions by occult metallic dust particles[J].Israel Medical Association Journal.2002,4(9):736.
[33]Li G.,He B.Localization of the site of origin of cardiac activation by means of a heart-model-based electrocardiographic imaging approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2001,48(6):660-669.
[34]Ubeyli Elif Derya,Guler Inan.Detection of electrocardiographic changes in partial epileptic patients using Lyapunov exponents with multilayer perceptron neural networks[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2004,17(6):567-576.
[35]Van Alste J A,Van Eck W,Herrmann OE.ECG baseline wander reduction using Linear phase filter[J].Computers and Biomedical Research,1986,19(5):417-427.
[36]Wang Zhenzhou,Ning Xinbao,Zhang Daobin,Tao Yueyu,Zhang Yu,Du Gonghuan.Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of synchronous 12-lead ECG signals[J].Zhongguo Shengwu Yixue Gongcheng Xuebao,2001,20(6):521.
[37]Wang Daxiong,Wang Guojun.Development of a portable ambulatory ECG monitor based on embedded microprocessor unit[J].Hangtian Yixue Yu Yixue Gongcheng,2005,18(3):196-200.
[38]Ho C.S.,Chiang T.K.,Lin C.H.,Lin P.Y.,Cheng J.L.,Ho S.H.Design of portable ECG recorder with USB storage[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits 2007,Tainan,Taiwan,2007:1095-1098.
[39]Nakatsuka Keisuke,Nakamura Kenzo,Hirata Yuichi,Hattori Takeshi.A proposal of the co-existence MAC of IEEE 802.11b/g and 802.15.4 used for the wireless sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2006 5th IEEE Conference on Sensors,Daegu,South Korea,2006:722-725.
[40]Qu Yugui,Zhai Yujia,Lin Zhiting,Zhao Baohua,Zhang Yingtang.Novel sensor placement model in wireless sensor network[J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2004,27(6):1-5.
[41]Bi Yanzhong,Sun Limin,Zhu Hongsong,Yah Tingxin,Luo Zhengjun.Parking management system based on wireless sensor network[J].Zidonghua Xuebao,2006.32(6):968-977.
[42]Holman R.,Stanley J.Ozkan-Haller T.Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2003,2(4):14-21.
[43]Al-raisi Yaqoob J.,Parish David J..Wireless sensor network performance monitoring[C].Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications,Valencia,Spain,2007:277-282.
[44] Shen Yan, Guo Bing. Dynamic power management based on wavelet neural network in wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 EFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops, Dalian, China, 2007:431-436.
[45] Hossain Ashraf, Chakrabarti S., Biswas P. K.. An analysis on guaranteed network lifetime for cluster-based wireless sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems 2007, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka,2007:399-402.
[46] Akyildiz I F, Pompili D, Melodia T. Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges [J].Elsevier Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 2005, 3(3): 257-279.
[47] Zhang YC, Liu W, Lou WJ, Fang YG. Location-Based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks [J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2006, 24(2):247-260.
[48] Zhou Xianwei, Liu Bin, Qin Boping. Research on routing algorithm for wireless sensor network [J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, 2006, 19(2):463-467.
[49] Tian Hui, Shen Hong, Matsuzawa Teruo. Random walk routing in WSNs with regular topologies [J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2006, 21(4):496-502.
[50] Depart A., Flammini A., Marioli D. et al. USB sensor network for industrial applications[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 21st Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Como, Italy, 2004:1203-1207.
[51] Khalid Zubair, Ahmed Ghufran, Khan Noor M.. A real-time energy-aware routing strategy for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, Bangkok, Thailand, 2007:381-384.
[52] Xuyong Huang, Shihong Miao, Pei Liu. A wireless sensor network for distribution bus protection[C] .Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Mannheim, Germany, 2007:382-386.
[53] Simic S N, Sastry S. Distributed environmental monitoring using random sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Berlin,Germany, 2003:582-592.
[54] Kummakasikit Manoon, Thipchaksurat Sakchai, Varakulsiripunth Ruttikorn. Performance improvement of associativity-based routing protocol for mobile Ad hoc networks[C].Proceedings of the 2005 Fifth International Conference on Information,Communications and Signal Processing, Bangkok, Thailand, 2005:16-20.
[55] Li Dongsheng, Xiang Yong, Shi Meilin, Wang Xiaodong. Busy-zone avoidable energy consume balance routing in mobile ad hoc networks[C].Proceedings of the IMACS Multiconference on Computational Engineering in Systems Applications, Beijing, China,2006:1383-1387.
[56] Chen Shigang, Nahrstedt K. Distributed quality-of-service routing in Ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1999,17(8):1488-1505.
[57]Lin Kai,Zhao Hai,Yin Zhenyu,Zhang Xiyuan.Energy prediction and routing algorithm in wireless sensor network[J].Tongxin Xuebao,2006,27(5):21-27.
[58]Ren Xiaojing,Chen Guangju.Algorithm and realization for wireless sensor network adapting to the expansibility of network size[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2006,19(2):472-476.
[59]Sinha A,Chandrakasan A.Dynamic power management in wireless sensor networks [J].IEEE Design and Test of Computers,2001,18(2):62-74.
[60]Sohrabi k.,Gao J.,Ailawadhi V et al.Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network[J].IEEE Personal Communications Magszine,2000,7(5):16-27.
[61]Oh Hyoung Seok,Song Taeksang,Yoon Euisik,Kim Choong Ki.A power-efficient injection-locked Class-E power amplifier for wireless sensor network[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2006,16(4):173-175.
[62]Zhong Ziguo,Hu Aiqun,Wang Dan.Physical layer design of wireless sensor network nodes[J].Journal of Southeast University(English Edition),2006,22(1):21-25.
[63]Mao Guoqiang,Fidan Baris,Anderson Brian D.O.Wireless sensor network localization techniques[J].Comput.Networks,2007,51(10):2529-2553.
[64]Wang Yenli,An Shiqan.Research on the coverage of wireless sensor network[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2005,18(2):307-312.
[65]Jeong Yoonsu,Hwang Yoon Cheol,Lee Sang Ho.Efficient cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor network[J].WSEAS Transactions on Communications,2006,5(5):868-876.
[66]Gutierrez J A.On the use of IEEE 802.15.4 to enable wireless sensor networks in building automation[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC'04),Barcelona,Spain,2004:1865-1869.
[67]Li Li,Dong Shusong,Wen Xiangming.Energy efficient clustering routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks[J].Journal of ChIna Universities of Posts and Telecommunications,2006,13(3):71-75.
[68]De Sousa Silva Ana Carolina,Cespedes Arce Aldo Ivan,Souto Sergio,Xavier Costa Ernane Jose.A wireless floating base sensor network for physiological responses of livestock[J],Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,49(2):246-254.
[69]Brown Stephen,Sreenan Cormac J..A new model for updating software in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Network,2006,20(6):42-47.
[70]Yang Z K,Yuan Y,He J H.Determining the number of nodes for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies:Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication,Shanghai,China,2004: 501-504.
[71]Zhang W S,Cao G H.Optimizing tree reconfiguration for mobile target tracking in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE 23th Annual Joint Conference on the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM'04),Hong Kong,China,2004:2434-2445.
[72]Lin Kai,Zhao Hal,Yin Zhenyu,Bi Yuanguo.Adaptive double ring Scheduling strategy based on TinyOS[J].Dongbei Daxue Xuebao,2007,28(7):985-988.
[73]Chen Xizhen,Wang Shumao,Xu Yongjun.Schedule mechanism and its improving methods of TinyOS[J].Jisuanji Gongcheng,2006,32(19):85-87.
[74]Xue Hao,Wan Jiangwen,Feng Renjian.Study on error correction rnethods in TDOA distance measurement based on TinyOS[J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2008,31(1):22-25.
[75]Choi Jae Min,Ahn Byeong Kyu,Cha You sung,Kuc Tae Yong..Remote- controlled home robot server with zigbee sensor network[C].Proceedings of the 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference,Busan,South Korea,2006:3739-3743.
[76]刘瑞强,冯长安,蒋延,周正.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].遥测遥控,2006,27(5):57-61.
[77]任秀丽,于海斌.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感网的安全分析[J].计算机科学,2006,33(10):111-113.
[78]丁飞,张西良,张世庆.基于ZigBee的无线通信技术及其应用[J].江苏通信技术,2006,22(5):24-27.
[79]Wheeler Andrew.Commercial applications of wireless sensor networks using ZigBee [J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2007,45(4):70-77.
[80]Kobayashi Hideyuki,Sugiura Akihiko.Basic consideration of estimated congestion distance system using ZigBee[C].Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology,Gangwon- Do,South Korea,20(17:1469-1473.
[81]Ran Peng,Sun Maoheng,Zou Youmin.ZigBee routing selection strategy based on data services and energy-balanced ZigBee routing[C].Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,Guangzhou,China,2006:400-404.
[82]Fukui K,Fukunaga S,Tanimoto K.ZigBee technology for low-cost and low-power radio communication systems[J].Journal Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers,2005,88(1):40-45.
[83]Park Wan-Ki,Han Intark,Park Kwang-Roh.ZigBee based dynamic control scheme for multiple legacy IR controllable digital consumer devices[J].IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2007,53(1):172-177.
[84]Ha Jae Yeol,Park Hong Seong,Choi Sunghyun,Kwon Wook Hyun.EHRP:Enhanced hierarchical routing protocol for ZigBee mesh networks[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2007,11(12):1028-1030.
[85]EGAN D.The Emergence of ZigBee in Building Automation and Industrial Control[J].Computing & Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(2):14-19.
[86]Ren Xiuli,Yu Haibin.Study on security of ZigBee wireless sensor network[J].Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao,2007,28(12):2132-2137.
[87]Baumann Chris.ZigBee or 802.15.4 network layer - Is there room for both?[J].Electronic Design,2006,54(20):22.
[88]Xie Xiaojia,Cheng Lijun,Wang Yong.Tracking and locating system of the mining personnel based on the Zigbee wireless network platform[J].Meitan Xuebao,2007,32(8):884-888.
[89]Lee Jin Shyan,Huang Yang Chih.Design and implementation of ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4nodes for wireless sensor networks[J].Measurement and Control,2006,39(7):204-208.
[90]Bao Changchun,Shi Ruizhen,Ma Yuquan,Liu Rongchang,Lun Cuifen,Wang Qingzhu,Liu Shiguang.Design and realization of measuring and controlling system based on ZigBee technology in agricultural facilities[J].Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao,2007,23(8):160-164.
[91]Anon.An IEEE 802.15.4 compliant and ZigBee-ready 2.4 GHz RF transceiver [J].Microwave Journal,2004,47(6):130-135.
[92]Felemban E,Lee CG,Ekici E.MMSPEED:Multipath multi-SPEED protocol for QoS guarantee of reliability and timeliness in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2006,5(6):738-754.
[93]Wan CY,Campbell AT,Krishnamurthy L.Pump-slowly,fetch-quickly(PSFQ):a Reliable transport protocol for sensor networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23(4):862 -872.
[94]Fred Stann,John Heidemann.RMST:Reliable data transport in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Sensor Net Protocols and Applications,Anchorage,Alaska,USA,2003:102-112.
[95]Lin Frank Yeongsung,Wen Yeanfu.Multi-sink data aggregation routing and scheduling with dynamic radii in WSNs[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2006,10(10):692-694.
[96]原羿,苏鸿根.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,21(6):89-91.
[97]蒋泰,李柏.基于ZigBee技术的无线射频识别系统设计[J].广西科学院学报,2006,22(4):306-308.
[98]Schurgers Curt,Kulkarni Gautam,Srivastava Mani B..Distributed on-demand address assignment in wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2002,13(10):1056-1065.
[99] Zhao Jerry, Govindan Ramesh, Estrin Deborah. Sensor network tomography: Monitoring wireless sensor networks [J].Computer Communication Review, 2002, 32(1):64.
[100] Hedetniemi S, Liestman A. A survey of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks [J].IEEE Networks, 1988, 18(4):319-349.
[101] Estrin Deborah, Govindan Ramesh, Heidemann John, Kumar Satish. Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 1999 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Seattle, WA, USA, 1999:263-270.
[102] Mann Raminder P., Namuduri Kamesh R., Pendse Ravi. Energy-aware routing protocol for ad hoc wireless sensor networks [J]. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2005,2005(5): 635-644.
[103] Braginsky David, Estrin Deborah. Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2002:22-31.
[104] Yang Cheng Chih, Weng Chien Erh, Zhang Jiaming, Lain Jenn Kaie, Wen Jyh Horng. Amodified energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, Penang, Malaysia, 2007:540-544.
[105] Machado Renita, Tekinay Sirin. Bounds on the error in estimating redundancy in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, Valencia, Spain, 2007:319-324.
[106] Guo Chunlong, Zhong Lizhi Charlie, Rabaey Jan M.. Low power distributed MAC for ad hoc sensor radio networks[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunicatins Conference GLOBECOM'01, San Antonio, TX, United States, 2001:2944-2948.
[107] Chu M, Haussecker H, Zhao F. Scalable information-driven sensor querying and routing for ad hoc heterogeneous sensor networks[J]. Internationnal Journal on High Performance Computing Applications, 2002, 16(3):293-313.
[108] Zhu Jian, Zhao Hai, Sun Peigang, Bi Yuanguo. Equilateral triangle localization algorithm based on average RSSI [J].Dongbei Daxue Xuebao, 2007,28(8): 1094-1097.
[109] Zhang Yiheng, Cui Qimei, Zhang Ping, Tao Xiaofeng. TDOA estimation in the distributed multi-antenna system [J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao, 2007,30(6): 18-22.
[110] Ma Jinming. Research on TDOA estimating algorithms [J].Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao,2007,30(1):96-99.
[111] Xie Hong, Wei Na. Simple NLOS error mitigation algorithm based on TDOA mobile location [J].Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao, 2005, 26(1): 114-118.
[112] Duan Kaiyu, Zhang Lijun. A TDOA/AOA location algorithm based on kalman filtering angle of arrival [J].Dianzi Yu Xinxi Xuebao, 2006,28(9): 1710-1713.
[113]Li Jing,Pei Liang,Cao Maoyong,Yu Daoyin.Super-resolution TOA algorithm in multi-path environments[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2006,21(5):771-776.
[114]Zhen Jie,Ma Xiao-Hong,Zhang Shu-Fang.TOA-based combined location positioning algorithm in NLOS propagation environment[J].Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao,2005,45(4):599-602.
[115]Ren Guangliang,Zhang Hui,Chang Yilin.Maximum likelihood channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2004,19(1):53-37.
[116]Zhang Rongquan,Du Yuming,Yang Jianyu,Huang Yulin,Xiong Jintao.Maximum likelihood estimation model and parameter fast estimation algorithm of LFM signal[J].Dianbo Kexue Xuebao,2005,20(5):651-655.
[117]Gao Feng,Wu Junjun,Wang Tongyang,Zhou Ji.Swift interference checking based on envelops bounding box decomposition[J].Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao,2000,12(6):435-440.
[118]Daneshgaran F.,Laddomada M.,Mondin M..Connection between system parameters and localization probability in network of randomly distributed nodes[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2007,6(12):4383-4389.
[119]Hightower J,Boriello G.Location systems for ubiquitous computing[J].Computer,2001,34(8):57-66.
[120]Toufik Issam,Knopp Raymond.Wideband channel allocation in distributed antenna systems[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,Montreal,QC,Canada,2006:1248-1252.
[121]Karalar Tufan C.,Yamashita Shunzo,Sheets Michael,Rabaey Jan.A low power localization architecture and system for wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation,Austin,TX,United States,2004:89-94.
[122]Bulusu N,Heidemann J,Estrin D.GPS-Less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices[J].IEEE Personal Communications,2000,7(5):28-34.
[123]Ninupama Bulusu,John Heidemann and Deborah Farm.GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices[J],IEEE Personal Communications,2000,10(715):28-34.
[124]Srdjan Capkun,Maher Hamdi,Jean Pierre Hubanx.GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Maul,Hawaii,USA,2001:3481-3390.
[125]Kim Yonghan,Yang Bo Suk,Tan Andy C.C..Bearing parameter identification of rotor-bearing system using clustering-based hybrid evolutionary algorithm[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2007,33(6):493-506.
[126]Yu Bo,Xu Qing,Feng Guochen.On the complexity of a combined homotopy interior method for convex programming [J].Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2007, 200(1):32-46.
[127] Yuancan Huang. A novel method to handle inequality constraints for convex programming neural network [J]. Neural Processing Letters, 2002,16(1):17-27.
[128] Azar Yossi, Epstein Amir. Convex programming for scheduling unrelated parallel machines[C].Proceedings of the 13th Color Imaging Conference: Color Science, Systems,Technologies, and Applications, Scottsdale,AZ, United States, 2005:331-337.
[129] Shang Yi, Ruml Wheeler, Zhang Ying, Fromherz Markus P.J.. Localization from mere connectivity[C].Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Annapolis, MD, United States, 2003:201-212.
[130] Min Yin, Jian Shu, Linlan Liu, Hengfeng Zhang. The influence of beacon on DV-hop in wireless sensor networks[C].Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, Hunan, China, 2006:459-462.
[131] Wang Xinmao, Pan Victor Y.. Acceleration of Euclidean algorithm and rational number reconstruction [J].SIAM Journal on Computing, 2003,32(2):548-556.
[132] Arnault Francois, Berger Thiery P., Necer Abdelkadar. Feedback with carry shift registers synthesis with the Euclidean algorithm [J].EEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2004,50(5):910-917.
[133] Jun Ming Kuang, Liu Ming. A novel explicit pose estimation algorithm based on Euclidean geometry[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Acquisition, ICIA 2007, Jeju City, South Korea, 2007:247-252.
[134] Sawides Andreas, Park Heemin, Srivastava Mani B.. The bits and flops of the n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems[C].Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, Atlanta, GA,United States, 2002:112-121.
[135] Sawides Andreas, Park Heemin, Srivastava Mani B.. The n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems [J].Mobile Networks and Applications, 2003, 8(4):443-451.