NGN中基于价格机制的多媒体业务收益研究
|
摘要
随着Internet的迅猛发展,网络的应用已经渗透到社会生活的方方面面,人类已经进入到了信息化时代,网络也越来越多地改变着人们的日常生活。NGN(Next Generation Network)是用来描述未来电信网使用的一个较广泛的概念。随着NGN时代的来临,网络的规模将会越来越庞大,结构将会越来越复杂,流量将会越来越巨大,网络业务将再一次取得举世瞩目的飞速发展。针对这些特点,中国网络运营企业将面临着巨大的挑战。一方面,市场的逐渐饱和以及竞争的日益激烈促使运营企业寻求最先进的设备、系统和管理方法,不断开创新的业务增长点以迎接挑战。另一方面,为了吸引更多的用户,运营利润的逐渐下降促使运营企业更加重视Diff-Serv业务上对价格体系的优化,满足不同类型的用户需求,同时使网络运营的收益最大化。这些问题使得站在运营企业的角度对NGN网络业务建模、分析、接入控制和价格机制等问题的研究变得重要而有意义。
本文第一章介绍了论文的研究背景、研究内容与组织结构。第二章讨论了微观经济学中的价格机制在网络中的应用情况,介绍了在网络中利用价格机制对资源进行分配的研究现状,为本文讨论运营收益做了铺垫。第三章首先分析了现行主流的单一计费机制存在的问题,提出了利用价格机制区分业务,根据业务的优先级进行计费的策略。文中对业务源建立了合理的模型,引入了用户支付意愿的概念,并建立了合理的区分业务的计费模型。最后针对基于价格机制的收益进行了仿真,并对仿真结果进行了分析。第四章讨论了如何根据业务预测的方法来制定价格,提出了在NGN中,通过对用户行为的统计、分析、预测来合理制定价格增加网络运营收益的策略。仿真结果表明,在保证网络业务的QoS基础上,由于接入更多支付价格高的用户,使得运营收益大大增加。同时,通过有效的预测合理调整价格机制,也能有效的根据网络不同情况增加运营收益,给运营企业高层的决策、管理提供科学的依据。
最后总结了全文,并提出了未来的工作方向。
With the rapid development of Internet, network applications have penetrated into all aspects of social life, and our people have entered the information age, while the network also greatly changes people's daily life. NGN (Next Generation Network) is used extensively to describe the future telecommunications networks. With the coming of NGN, the network scale will be even larger; the structure will be much complex, and the traffic will be much enormous and network service will be gained a rapid development once again. Aiming at these characteristics, the Chinese network operators will face a huge challenge. On the one hand, the gradual saturation of market and the increasingly intensity of competition make operators seek the most advanced equipment, systems and management methods in order to constantly creat new business opportunities to meet the challenge. On the other hand, the gradual decrease of operating profit makes enterprises pay more attention to the optimization of the pricing system on Diff-serv applications to attract more users and meet the needs of different types of users, and maximize the revenue. These problems make the research on modeling, analysis, admission control, and pricing scheme in NGN network from the standpoint of operators important and meaningful.
In this thesis, the research background, content and structure are outlined in chapter I. The application of pricing scheme using microeconomics to network operation and control is discussed in chapter II. The current research on resource allocation using pricing scheme to network is also introduced as a leading of the following discussion of the revenue. The problems brought by the existing popular single billing mechanism are analyzed, and the billing policy based on business priorities which can distinguish different kinds of traffic using pricing scheme is brought forward in chapter III. Finally, the simulation based on the revenue of pricing scheme is carried out, and the simulation results are analyzed. And the implementation of pricing scheme according to the approach of user forecast is discussed in chapter IV, and the policy of increasing the revenue by introducing a reasonable price scheme through the statistics, analysis, and forecast of user behavior in NGN is also introduced. Furthermore, a forecasting model and an adjusting price scheme through forecast are proposed, and the simulation and analysis are carried out as well. In this thesis, the simulation results which based on the revenue of pricing scheme show that the revenue is increased because of admitting more high paid users, and the quality of service network is thereby guaranteed. Addtionally, through effectively reasonable price adjustment mechanism, the revenue can be significantly increased. In accordance with the research, the service provider can easily make suitable management and decision.
At the end of this thesis, the research work is summarized, and the way of future work is suggested.
本文第一章介绍了论文的研究背景、研究内容与组织结构。第二章讨论了微观经济学中的价格机制在网络中的应用情况,介绍了在网络中利用价格机制对资源进行分配的研究现状,为本文讨论运营收益做了铺垫。第三章首先分析了现行主流的单一计费机制存在的问题,提出了利用价格机制区分业务,根据业务的优先级进行计费的策略。文中对业务源建立了合理的模型,引入了用户支付意愿的概念,并建立了合理的区分业务的计费模型。最后针对基于价格机制的收益进行了仿真,并对仿真结果进行了分析。第四章讨论了如何根据业务预测的方法来制定价格,提出了在NGN中,通过对用户行为的统计、分析、预测来合理制定价格增加网络运营收益的策略。仿真结果表明,在保证网络业务的QoS基础上,由于接入更多支付价格高的用户,使得运营收益大大增加。同时,通过有效的预测合理调整价格机制,也能有效的根据网络不同情况增加运营收益,给运营企业高层的决策、管理提供科学的依据。
最后总结了全文,并提出了未来的工作方向。
With the rapid development of Internet, network applications have penetrated into all aspects of social life, and our people have entered the information age, while the network also greatly changes people's daily life. NGN (Next Generation Network) is used extensively to describe the future telecommunications networks. With the coming of NGN, the network scale will be even larger; the structure will be much complex, and the traffic will be much enormous and network service will be gained a rapid development once again. Aiming at these characteristics, the Chinese network operators will face a huge challenge. On the one hand, the gradual saturation of market and the increasingly intensity of competition make operators seek the most advanced equipment, systems and management methods in order to constantly creat new business opportunities to meet the challenge. On the other hand, the gradual decrease of operating profit makes enterprises pay more attention to the optimization of the pricing system on Diff-serv applications to attract more users and meet the needs of different types of users, and maximize the revenue. These problems make the research on modeling, analysis, admission control, and pricing scheme in NGN network from the standpoint of operators important and meaningful.
In this thesis, the research background, content and structure are outlined in chapter I. The application of pricing scheme using microeconomics to network operation and control is discussed in chapter II. The current research on resource allocation using pricing scheme to network is also introduced as a leading of the following discussion of the revenue. The problems brought by the existing popular single billing mechanism are analyzed, and the billing policy based on business priorities which can distinguish different kinds of traffic using pricing scheme is brought forward in chapter III. Finally, the simulation based on the revenue of pricing scheme is carried out, and the simulation results are analyzed. And the implementation of pricing scheme according to the approach of user forecast is discussed in chapter IV, and the policy of increasing the revenue by introducing a reasonable price scheme through the statistics, analysis, and forecast of user behavior in NGN is also introduced. Furthermore, a forecasting model and an adjusting price scheme through forecast are proposed, and the simulation and analysis are carried out as well. In this thesis, the simulation results which based on the revenue of pricing scheme show that the revenue is increased because of admitting more high paid users, and the quality of service network is thereby guaranteed. Addtionally, through effectively reasonable price adjustment mechanism, the revenue can be significantly increased. In accordance with the research, the service provider can easily make suitable management and decision.
At the end of this thesis, the research work is summarized, and the way of future work is suggested.
引文
[1]中国互联网络信息中心,中国地区Internet发展状况统计,2007年12月
[2]Everett M.Rogers,创新的扩散,中央编译出版社,2002年6月
[3]Robert C.What's driving NGN? Telecom Asia.2004,15(10):20-24.
[4]张宁,纪越峰.下一代网络NGN的技术发展.北京联合大学学报(自然科学版)2006年12月.:29-35
[5]Biglaiser G,M Riordan.Dynamics of price regulation.RAND Journal of Economics,2003,31(4):744-767.
[6]Armstrong M.The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection.Handbook of Telecommunications Econmics,2002.
[7]Laffont J J,Rey,J Tirole.Network competition:I.Overview and non2discriminatory Pricing.RAND Journal of Ecomomics,1998,29(1):1-37.
[8]方旭明,下一代无线因特网技术:无线Mesh网络,人民邮电出版社2006年5月
[9]Wang,J,and K.F.Li,Understanding Internet Pricing:An Objective-Oriented Classification,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Montreal,Canada,May 2003.
[10]Wang,J,Understanding Internet Pricing:An Evaluation,A Classification and An Integrated Volume-Based Proposal.Master of Applied Science Thesis,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Victoria,Victoria,Canada,Dec.2003
[11]Falkner,M.,M.Devetsikiotis,and I.L.Badaris,An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband IP Networks,IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,vol.3,no.2,Second Quarter 2000.
[12]Henderson,T.,J.Crowcroft,and S.Bhatti,Congestion Pricing,IEEE Internet Computing,Sep.-Oct.2000,:85-89
[13]Dasilva,A.,Pricing for QoS-Enabled Networks:A Survey,IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,vol.3,no.2,Second Quarter 2000.
[14]Mendelson and Whang,Optimal incentive compatible priority pricing for the M/M/1queue[J].Operations Research.1990.38(5):870-883.
[15]J K MacKie-Mason and H R Varian.Pricing congestible network resources[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1995,13(7):1141-1149.
[16]Yao F,Demers A,shenker S.A Scheduling Model for Reduced CPU Energy.In IEEE Syposium on Foundations of COMPUTER Science,1995:374-382.
[17]McKnight and Joseph P.Bailey因特网经济学1997.
[18]J.K.Makie-Mason,H.R.Varian.Pricing the Internet.In:Public Access to the Internet,Cambridge:MIT Press,1995:269-314
[19]A.M.Odlyzko.Paris Metro Pricing for the Internet.Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce,1999:140-147.
[20]S.Chen,K.Park.An Architecture for Non-cooperative QoS Provision in Many-Switch Systems.Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom.,1999
[21]LIU Ji- cheng,SHI Bing- xin,YANG Xue- nan.Influence of Forging on Static Pricing Scheme for Priority Services.Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2005,3(3):193-198.
[22]M.Yuksel,S.Kalynaraman.Effect of Pricing Intervals on Congestion Senditivity of Network Pricies.Telecommunication Systems,2005,28(1):79-99.
[23]F.P.Kelly,A.Maulloo,D.Tan.Rate Control for Communication Networks:Shadow Prices,Proportional Fairness and Stability.Journal of the Operational Research Society,vol.49,1998:237-253.
[24]M.Falkner,M.Devetsikiotis,I.Lambadaris.An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband Ip Networks[EB/OL].http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys
[25]Xi- Ren Cao,Hong- Xia Shen.Internet Pricing:Comparison and Examples.IEEE,2000:2284-2289.
[26]Jun Shu,Pravin Varaiya.Pricing Network Services.INFOCOM.2003.
[27]陈波,周亚平,陈继光.带缓冲器的巴黎地铁定价方策略[J].运筹与管理.2005,14(1):86-89.
[28]Li,K.F.,and J.Wang,A Multi-Objective Internet Pricing Model,IEEE CS Press.The International Conference on Next Generation Web Service Practices,Seoul, Korea,August 23-27,2005;IEEE Computer Society Press,pp.195-200.
[29]Baglietto,M.,et al.,A Unified Model for a Pricing Scheme in a Heterogeneous Environment of QoSControlled and Best Effort Connections,Courmayeur 2002.
[30]Henderson,T.,J.Crowcroft,and S.Bhatti,Congestion Pricing,IEEE Internet Computing,Sep.-Oct.2000:85-89.
[31]Khan,S.,K.F.Li,E.G.Manning,R.Watson,and G.C.Shoja,Optimal Quality of Service Routing and Admission Control Using the Utility Model,Future Generation Computing Systems,vol.19,issue 7,Oct.2003:1063-1073.
[32]Cao,X.-R.,et al.,Internet Pricing With a GameTheoretical Approach:Concepts and Examples,IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,vol.10,no.2,Apr.2002:208-216.
[33]Odlyzko,A.,Paris Metro Pricing for the Internet,ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce,1999:140-147.
[34]牛志升,王兰,段翔.多媒体DS-CDMA系统中基于效用函数的无线资源优化策略,电子学报,2004年第10期
[35]陈晓梅,卢锡城,王怀民.基于微观经济学方法的网络资源分配研究.计算机研究与发展,Nov.2001,Vol.38:pp1345-1353
[36]甄皓琮,方旭明,朱龙杰.一种基于无线多媒体业务的可升降级QoS动态带宽分配与优化策略.电子与信息学报,2006年8月:1912-1916
[37]IBRAH IM Hamdy A,NOSSIER Bahnasy M,DARW ISH Mohamed G.B i11ing System For Internet Service Provider(ISP)[R].IEEE MELECON' 2002,May 729,2002,Cairo,EGYPT:260-269.
[38]R.Braden,D.Clark,S.Shenker.Integrated Serices in the Internet Architecture:an Overview.IETF RFC 1633,July 1994.
[39]张晋豫,刘犁,葛洪慧.一个动态NGN价格决策支持系统实现机制研究.电子学报,2007年2月.256-260
[40]杨峰义,覃燕敏,胡强.WCDMA无线网络工程.人民邮电出版社,2004.
[41](芬)哈里·霍尔马,安提·托斯卡拉.WCDMA技术与系统设计.机械工业出版社,2002.
[42]张平,王卫东,陶小峰,王莹.WCDMA移动通信系统.人民邮电出版社,2004.8
[43]朱龙杰,基于QoS的多媒体无线蜂窝网呼叫允许控制仿真研究,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.08
[44]J.W.So.Adaptive Traffic Prediction based Access Control in Wireless CDMA Systems Supporting Integrated Voice/Data/Video Services.IEEE Communications Letters,2004,Vol.8,No.12,pp.703-705.
[45]甄皓琮,无线多媒体网络中具有QoS保证的动态资源分配与优化研究,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.08
[46]石春艳.自相似网络几种不同模型的比较和分析.电信快报,2004(6):39-41.
[47]许都,李乐民.自相似业务流的快速生成方法及其性能研究.通信学报,1998,19(8):89-95.
[48]J.Gordon.Pareto process as a model of self-similar packet traffic.Global Telecommunications Conference,GLOBECOM'95,Vol.3,1995:13-17
[49]Ahn,Choon-Mo,Estimation of Willingness to Pay Using Dichotomous Choice Data under Proportional Hazard Approach,PICMET,August 2007:887-890.
[50]宋承先 现代西方经济学(第二版).复旦大学出版社1999.
[51]Hou J,Yang J,Papavassiliou S.Integration of pricing with call admission control to meet QoS requirements in cellular networks[J].IEEE Trans on Parallel and Dist -ributed System,2002,13(9):898-910.
[52]罗伯特~*.平狄克等.计量经济模型与经济预测.钱小军等译.北京机械工业出版社.2002
[53]易丹辉 统计预测方法与应用[M]1 北京:中国人民大学出版社.1990
[2]Everett M.Rogers,创新的扩散,中央编译出版社,2002年6月
[3]Robert C.What's driving NGN? Telecom Asia.2004,15(10):20-24.
[4]张宁,纪越峰.下一代网络NGN的技术发展.北京联合大学学报(自然科学版)2006年12月.:29-35
[5]Biglaiser G,M Riordan.Dynamics of price regulation.RAND Journal of Economics,2003,31(4):744-767.
[6]Armstrong M.The Theory of Access Pricing and Interconnection.Handbook of Telecommunications Econmics,2002.
[7]Laffont J J,Rey,J Tirole.Network competition:I.Overview and non2discriminatory Pricing.RAND Journal of Ecomomics,1998,29(1):1-37.
[8]方旭明,下一代无线因特网技术:无线Mesh网络,人民邮电出版社2006年5月
[9]Wang,J,and K.F.Li,Understanding Internet Pricing:An Objective-Oriented Classification,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Montreal,Canada,May 2003.
[10]Wang,J,Understanding Internet Pricing:An Evaluation,A Classification and An Integrated Volume-Based Proposal.Master of Applied Science Thesis,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Victoria,Victoria,Canada,Dec.2003
[11]Falkner,M.,M.Devetsikiotis,and I.L.Badaris,An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband IP Networks,IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,vol.3,no.2,Second Quarter 2000.
[12]Henderson,T.,J.Crowcroft,and S.Bhatti,Congestion Pricing,IEEE Internet Computing,Sep.-Oct.2000,:85-89
[13]Dasilva,A.,Pricing for QoS-Enabled Networks:A Survey,IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,vol.3,no.2,Second Quarter 2000.
[14]Mendelson and Whang,Optimal incentive compatible priority pricing for the M/M/1queue[J].Operations Research.1990.38(5):870-883.
[15]J K MacKie-Mason and H R Varian.Pricing congestible network resources[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1995,13(7):1141-1149.
[16]Yao F,Demers A,shenker S.A Scheduling Model for Reduced CPU Energy.In IEEE Syposium on Foundations of COMPUTER Science,1995:374-382.
[17]McKnight and Joseph P.Bailey因特网经济学1997.
[18]J.K.Makie-Mason,H.R.Varian.Pricing the Internet.In:Public Access to the Internet,Cambridge:MIT Press,1995:269-314
[19]A.M.Odlyzko.Paris Metro Pricing for the Internet.Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce,1999:140-147.
[20]S.Chen,K.Park.An Architecture for Non-cooperative QoS Provision in Many-Switch Systems.Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom.,1999
[21]LIU Ji- cheng,SHI Bing- xin,YANG Xue- nan.Influence of Forging on Static Pricing Scheme for Priority Services.Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2005,3(3):193-198.
[22]M.Yuksel,S.Kalynaraman.Effect of Pricing Intervals on Congestion Senditivity of Network Pricies.Telecommunication Systems,2005,28(1):79-99.
[23]F.P.Kelly,A.Maulloo,D.Tan.Rate Control for Communication Networks:Shadow Prices,Proportional Fairness and Stability.Journal of the Operational Research Society,vol.49,1998:237-253.
[24]M.Falkner,M.Devetsikiotis,I.Lambadaris.An Overview of Pricing Concepts for Broadband Ip Networks[EB/OL].http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys
[25]Xi- Ren Cao,Hong- Xia Shen.Internet Pricing:Comparison and Examples.IEEE,2000:2284-2289.
[26]Jun Shu,Pravin Varaiya.Pricing Network Services.INFOCOM.2003.
[27]陈波,周亚平,陈继光.带缓冲器的巴黎地铁定价方策略[J].运筹与管理.2005,14(1):86-89.
[28]Li,K.F.,and J.Wang,A Multi-Objective Internet Pricing Model,IEEE CS Press.The International Conference on Next Generation Web Service Practices,Seoul, Korea,August 23-27,2005;IEEE Computer Society Press,pp.195-200.
[29]Baglietto,M.,et al.,A Unified Model for a Pricing Scheme in a Heterogeneous Environment of QoSControlled and Best Effort Connections,Courmayeur 2002.
[30]Henderson,T.,J.Crowcroft,and S.Bhatti,Congestion Pricing,IEEE Internet Computing,Sep.-Oct.2000:85-89.
[31]Khan,S.,K.F.Li,E.G.Manning,R.Watson,and G.C.Shoja,Optimal Quality of Service Routing and Admission Control Using the Utility Model,Future Generation Computing Systems,vol.19,issue 7,Oct.2003:1063-1073.
[32]Cao,X.-R.,et al.,Internet Pricing With a GameTheoretical Approach:Concepts and Examples,IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,vol.10,no.2,Apr.2002:208-216.
[33]Odlyzko,A.,Paris Metro Pricing for the Internet,ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce,1999:140-147.
[34]牛志升,王兰,段翔.多媒体DS-CDMA系统中基于效用函数的无线资源优化策略,电子学报,2004年第10期
[35]陈晓梅,卢锡城,王怀民.基于微观经济学方法的网络资源分配研究.计算机研究与发展,Nov.2001,Vol.38:pp1345-1353
[36]甄皓琮,方旭明,朱龙杰.一种基于无线多媒体业务的可升降级QoS动态带宽分配与优化策略.电子与信息学报,2006年8月:1912-1916
[37]IBRAH IM Hamdy A,NOSSIER Bahnasy M,DARW ISH Mohamed G.B i11ing System For Internet Service Provider(ISP)[R].IEEE MELECON' 2002,May 729,2002,Cairo,EGYPT:260-269.
[38]R.Braden,D.Clark,S.Shenker.Integrated Serices in the Internet Architecture:an Overview.IETF RFC 1633,July 1994.
[39]张晋豫,刘犁,葛洪慧.一个动态NGN价格决策支持系统实现机制研究.电子学报,2007年2月.256-260
[40]杨峰义,覃燕敏,胡强.WCDMA无线网络工程.人民邮电出版社,2004.
[41](芬)哈里·霍尔马,安提·托斯卡拉.WCDMA技术与系统设计.机械工业出版社,2002.
[42]张平,王卫东,陶小峰,王莹.WCDMA移动通信系统.人民邮电出版社,2004.8
[43]朱龙杰,基于QoS的多媒体无线蜂窝网呼叫允许控制仿真研究,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.08
[44]J.W.So.Adaptive Traffic Prediction based Access Control in Wireless CDMA Systems Supporting Integrated Voice/Data/Video Services.IEEE Communications Letters,2004,Vol.8,No.12,pp.703-705.
[45]甄皓琮,无线多媒体网络中具有QoS保证的动态资源分配与优化研究,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.08
[46]石春艳.自相似网络几种不同模型的比较和分析.电信快报,2004(6):39-41.
[47]许都,李乐民.自相似业务流的快速生成方法及其性能研究.通信学报,1998,19(8):89-95.
[48]J.Gordon.Pareto process as a model of self-similar packet traffic.Global Telecommunications Conference,GLOBECOM'95,Vol.3,1995:13-17
[49]Ahn,Choon-Mo,Estimation of Willingness to Pay Using Dichotomous Choice Data under Proportional Hazard Approach,PICMET,August 2007:887-890.
[50]宋承先 现代西方经济学(第二版).复旦大学出版社1999.
[51]Hou J,Yang J,Papavassiliou S.Integration of pricing with call admission control to meet QoS requirements in cellular networks[J].IEEE Trans on Parallel and Dist -ributed System,2002,13(9):898-910.
[52]罗伯特~*.平狄克等.计量经济模型与经济预测.钱小军等译.北京机械工业出版社.2002
[53]易丹辉 统计预测方法与应用[M]1 北京:中国人民大学出版社.1990