基于突发中断条件的城市轨道交通应急客流疏运研究
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摘要
近年来,城市轨道交通作为城市交通的骨干运输系统,在我国的多个大中型城市得到了快速的发展。纵观国内外城市,网络化运营已经成为城市轨道交通建设与发展的必然趋势,路网规模在不断的扩大,路网结构在进一步的完善。但是,由于自然灾害、设备故障、运营管理等多个方面的因素,城市轨道交通系统不可避免的会发生突发的中断事故,给城市的交通系统带来经济损失,并且损害到乘客的出行乃至生命财产安全。因此,研究突发中断下城市轨道交通的应急客流疏运的相关问题具有着极其重要的理论和现实意义。
论文以“突发中断情况下轨道交通的应急客流疏运”作为研究对象,从突发中断事件以及轨道交通列车运营调整方法入手,以轨道交通路网的连通可靠性仿真作为研究基础,结合城市轨道交通行车组织的相关理论及方法,从客流分析、折返站设置、客流疏散、应急体系、应急公交联动等多方面开展了较为深入的研究,主要的研究内容如下：
(1)从事故原因、影响等级等方面归纳介绍了城市轨道交通的突发中断事件,并且总结了其所呈现主要特点,进而系统的汇总和归纳了现有的、常见的突发中断事件中轨道交通列车的应急调整方法。
(2)引入图论以及复杂网络中相关的概念及理论,建立了成都市地铁规划路网的网络拓扑结构模型,以节点的度数、网络的平均连接效率、节点的网络凝聚度等参数作为标准,仿真研究了成都市路网在随机性突发中断以及选择性突发中断条件下的连通可靠性,并进一步仿真研究了路网中不同的节点对于路网整体的连通可靠性以及结构稳定性所起到的不同作用。
(3)根据仿真的研究结果,深入分析了随机性突发中断条件下的路网的客流特点,在此基础上建立了此种情况下的客流疏散的最优径路集生成模型,设计了Dijkstra算法和改进的删除算法相结合的求解算法,并结合相关的算例和数据,进行了编程求解。
(4)以仿真结果为基础,从应急体系、应急预案以及城市公共交通的应急联动等方面研究了轨道交通系统在选择性突发中断条件下轨道交通客流疏运的应急策略问题。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of urban rail transit in major cities in China, urban rail transit has become the core transport system of modern cities. Network-based operation has been proved to be the certain trend of urban rail transit, with the improvement of network structure and the expansion of network scale. However, interruptions in emergency are inevitable due to natural disasters, equipment breakdowns and management factors, which tend to impair the transport service of cities and undermine passengers'life and property safety. Therefore, it is both theoretically and substantially important to research on transportation organization of urban rail transit when interrupted in emergency.
In accordance with relevant theories and methods about urban rail transit organization, the thesis focuses on transport organization under interruptions in emergency as its research object, basing on the simulation of properties of urban rail transit network and making an in-depth study on passenger traffic analysis, turn-back station plans, passenger evacuation, emergency response system and bus interaction. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The thesis describes the types and causes of emergent interruptions of urban rail transit and summarizes their main characteristics. Then, it induces and summarizes the existing common methods of train operation adjustment in urban rail transit systems under the emergency situations.
(2) By the introduction of graph theory and complex network theory, the thesis builds up the topological structure model of the Chengdu Metro Planning Network. Depending on model factors such as node degree, network's average connectivity efficiency and Network cohesion degree, the thesis simulates and researches the stability and invulnerability of the Chengdu Metro network model under two kinds of circumstances, the random node failure and selective node failure. In further, the thesis simulates and researches the importance of different stations on the stability and structure of the network under interruptions in emergency.
(3) Based on the simulation results, the thesis analyzes the passenger flow characteristics during the random node failure, and then accordingly builds up the model of optimal paths set for passenger evacuation. The thesis designs in detail an algorithm for solving the model, which is the algorithm combined by Dijkstra methods and modified deletion algorithm. Then the thesis puts forward a virtual example with detailed parameters and solves it by C language programming software using the designed algorithm.
(4) Under the indication of simulation results, the thesis researches on the emergency response strategy under selective node interruptions, mainly analyzing the set-up of emergency response system, the emergency response plan and the relevant problems of bus interaction under the emergent circumstances.
论文以“突发中断情况下轨道交通的应急客流疏运”作为研究对象,从突发中断事件以及轨道交通列车运营调整方法入手,以轨道交通路网的连通可靠性仿真作为研究基础,结合城市轨道交通行车组织的相关理论及方法,从客流分析、折返站设置、客流疏散、应急体系、应急公交联动等多方面开展了较为深入的研究,主要的研究内容如下：
(1)从事故原因、影响等级等方面归纳介绍了城市轨道交通的突发中断事件,并且总结了其所呈现主要特点,进而系统的汇总和归纳了现有的、常见的突发中断事件中轨道交通列车的应急调整方法。
(2)引入图论以及复杂网络中相关的概念及理论,建立了成都市地铁规划路网的网络拓扑结构模型,以节点的度数、网络的平均连接效率、节点的网络凝聚度等参数作为标准,仿真研究了成都市路网在随机性突发中断以及选择性突发中断条件下的连通可靠性,并进一步仿真研究了路网中不同的节点对于路网整体的连通可靠性以及结构稳定性所起到的不同作用。
(3)根据仿真的研究结果,深入分析了随机性突发中断条件下的路网的客流特点,在此基础上建立了此种情况下的客流疏散的最优径路集生成模型,设计了Dijkstra算法和改进的删除算法相结合的求解算法,并结合相关的算例和数据,进行了编程求解。
(4)以仿真结果为基础,从应急体系、应急预案以及城市公共交通的应急联动等方面研究了轨道交通系统在选择性突发中断条件下轨道交通客流疏运的应急策略问题。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of urban rail transit in major cities in China, urban rail transit has become the core transport system of modern cities. Network-based operation has been proved to be the certain trend of urban rail transit, with the improvement of network structure and the expansion of network scale. However, interruptions in emergency are inevitable due to natural disasters, equipment breakdowns and management factors, which tend to impair the transport service of cities and undermine passengers'life and property safety. Therefore, it is both theoretically and substantially important to research on transportation organization of urban rail transit when interrupted in emergency.
In accordance with relevant theories and methods about urban rail transit organization, the thesis focuses on transport organization under interruptions in emergency as its research object, basing on the simulation of properties of urban rail transit network and making an in-depth study on passenger traffic analysis, turn-back station plans, passenger evacuation, emergency response system and bus interaction. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The thesis describes the types and causes of emergent interruptions of urban rail transit and summarizes their main characteristics. Then, it induces and summarizes the existing common methods of train operation adjustment in urban rail transit systems under the emergency situations.
(2) By the introduction of graph theory and complex network theory, the thesis builds up the topological structure model of the Chengdu Metro Planning Network. Depending on model factors such as node degree, network's average connectivity efficiency and Network cohesion degree, the thesis simulates and researches the stability and invulnerability of the Chengdu Metro network model under two kinds of circumstances, the random node failure and selective node failure. In further, the thesis simulates and researches the importance of different stations on the stability and structure of the network under interruptions in emergency.
(3) Based on the simulation results, the thesis analyzes the passenger flow characteristics during the random node failure, and then accordingly builds up the model of optimal paths set for passenger evacuation. The thesis designs in detail an algorithm for solving the model, which is the algorithm combined by Dijkstra methods and modified deletion algorithm. Then the thesis puts forward a virtual example with detailed parameters and solves it by C language programming software using the designed algorithm.
(4) Under the indication of simulation results, the thesis researches on the emergency response strategy under selective node interruptions, mainly analyzing the set-up of emergency response system, the emergency response plan and the relevant problems of bus interaction under the emergent circumstances.
引文
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[4]刘士兴,张永明等.城市公共安全应急决策支持系统研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(2)：140-143
[5]LeBlalle L J, Morlok E IC, Pierskalla W P. An efficient approach to solving the road network equilibrium traffic assignment problem [J], Transportation Research,1975,9: 309-318
[6]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Public transport systems in Poland:from Bialystok to Zielona Gora by bus and tram using universal statistics of complex networks [J]. Acta Physica PolonicaB,2005,36:1771
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[19]黄利丹.基于Petri网的城市轨道交通应急系统建模研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[20]郭彦涛.物联网在城轨交通安全应急领域的应用研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2011
[21]张铭,徐瑞华,李献忠.城市轨道交通应急救援能力的评价[J].都市快轨交通,2007,,01
[22]Kepaptsoglou K G, Karlaftis. M. The bus bridging problem in metro operations: conceptual framework, models and algorithms [J]. Public Transport,2010,1(4):275-297
[23]孟学雷.突发事件条件下列车运行组织理论与方法研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2011
[24]滕靖,徐瑞华.城市轨道交通突发事件下公交应急联动策略[J].铁道学报,2010,10(5)：13-17
[25]张曙光,李文新,郭玉华,李军.中国铁路运输组织理论创新与实践[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009
[26]徐建光.我国铁路突发事件应急管理体系研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[27]张翠平.高速旅客列车运行调整问题的图论模型与启发式算法[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010年
[28]徐瑞华,江志彬,邵伟中,朱效洁.城市轨道交通列车运行延误及其传播特点的仿真研究[J].铁道学报,2006,04(2)：7-10
[29]徐国营,曲连庆.简析沈阳地铁列车运行组织[J].现代城市轨道交通,2011,1：57-59
[30]黄荣.城市轨道交通网络化运营的组织方法及实施技术研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2010年
[31]Abramovic B, Petrovic M, Blaksovic Z J. Use of railways for urban passenger transport[J]. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment,2008,101:243-251.
[32]吴洋,罗霞,王月明,曾理.地铁列车在出站晚点情况下的“压赶结合”运行调整方法[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2004,2(2)：96-114
[33]Barabasi A-L, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science,1999, 286(5439):509-512
[34]Watts D J, Strogatz S H. Collective dynamics of'Small-World'networks[J]. Nature, 1998,393(6684):440-442
[35]Angeloudis P, Fisk D. Large subway systems as complex networks [J]. Physical Review A Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics,2006,367:553-558
[36]乔珂,赵鹏,姚向明.城市轨道交通网络性能分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2012,12(4)：115-121
[37]Sen P, DasguPta S, Chattergee A, Sreeram P A. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]..arXiv:cond-mat/0208535,2002
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[2]J H Canos, F Zulueta. Using hypermedia to improve safety in underground metropolitan transportation[J], Multimedia Tools and Applications,2004,22(1):75-87
[3]徐志胜,冯凯,徐亮,冯春莹.基于GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统的研究[J],安全与环境学报,2004,6
[4]刘士兴,张永明等.城市公共安全应急决策支持系统研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(2)：140-143
[5]LeBlalle L J, Morlok E IC, Pierskalla W P. An efficient approach to solving the road network equilibrium traffic assignment problem [J], Transportation Research,1975,9: 309-318
[6]Sienkiewicz J, Holyst J A. Public transport systems in Poland:from Bialystok to Zielona Gora by bus and tram using universal statistics of complex networks [J]. Acta Physica PolonicaB,2005,36:1771
[7]赵伟,何红生,林中材,杨孔庆.中国铁路客运网网络性质的研究[J].物理学报,2006,(8)
[8]高自友,吴建军.出行者博弈、网络结构与城市交通系统复杂性[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2010,4
[9]吴建军,李树彬.基于复杂网络的城市交通系统复杂性概述[J].山东科学,2009,4
[10]王云琴.基于复杂网络理论的城市轨道交通网络连通可靠性研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[11]陈菁菁.城市轨道交通网络运营可靠性研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文,2007
[12]中华人民共和国国务院.国家处置城市地铁事故灾难应急预案[R].北京：中国政府网,2006
[13]中华人民共和国国务院.国家突发公共事体总体应急预案[R].北京：中国政府网,2006
[14]王志强.城市轨道交通应急决策辅助技术研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文,2008
[15]刘文婷.城市轨道交通车站乘客紧急疏散能力研究[D].同济大学硕士学位论文,2008
[16]Poon M H. A dynamic schedule-based model for congested transit networks [D]. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Hong Kong,2002
[17]Poon M H, Wong S C, Tong C O. A dynamic schedule-based model for congested transit networks [J]. Transportation Research Part B,2004,38:343-368
[18]王炜南.突发特大客流城市轨道交通运营组织研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[19]黄利丹.基于Petri网的城市轨道交通应急系统建模研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[20]郭彦涛.物联网在城轨交通安全应急领域的应用研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2011
[21]张铭,徐瑞华,李献忠.城市轨道交通应急救援能力的评价[J].都市快轨交通,2007,,01
[22]Kepaptsoglou K G, Karlaftis. M. The bus bridging problem in metro operations: conceptual framework, models and algorithms [J]. Public Transport,2010,1(4):275-297
[23]孟学雷.突发事件条件下列车运行组织理论与方法研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2011
[24]滕靖,徐瑞华.城市轨道交通突发事件下公交应急联动策略[J].铁道学报,2010,10(5)：13-17
[25]张曙光,李文新,郭玉华,李军.中国铁路运输组织理论创新与实践[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2009
[26]徐建光.我国铁路突发事件应急管理体系研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[27]张翠平.高速旅客列车运行调整问题的图论模型与启发式算法[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2010年
[28]徐瑞华,江志彬,邵伟中,朱效洁.城市轨道交通列车运行延误及其传播特点的仿真研究[J].铁道学报,2006,04(2)：7-10
[29]徐国营,曲连庆.简析沈阳地铁列车运行组织[J].现代城市轨道交通,2011,1：57-59
[30]黄荣.城市轨道交通网络化运营的组织方法及实施技术研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2010年
[31]Abramovic B, Petrovic M, Blaksovic Z J. Use of railways for urban passenger transport[J]. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment,2008,101:243-251.
[32]吴洋,罗霞,王月明,曾理.地铁列车在出站晚点情况下的“压赶结合”运行调整方法[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2004,2(2)：96-114
[33]Barabasi A-L, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science,1999, 286(5439):509-512
[34]Watts D J, Strogatz S H. Collective dynamics of'Small-World'networks[J]. Nature, 1998,393(6684):440-442
[35]Angeloudis P, Fisk D. Large subway systems as complex networks [J]. Physical Review A Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics,2006,367:553-558
[36]乔珂,赵鹏,姚向明.城市轨道交通网络性能分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2012,12(4)：115-121
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