城市轨道交通大客流的网络传播特性及运输组织协调研究
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摘要
2012年中国大陆有37个城市拥有或在建城市轨道交通线路,其中北京、上海、广州等地已经逐步实现了地铁的网络运营。地铁进入网络时代,网络规模效应使其对客流的吸引能力急剧增加,客流规模性的增长对原有线路造成了巨大压力,形成了常发性的大客流。除此之外由于列车承载能力的限制,单个或几个车站的大客流也可能通过换乘站扩散到各个站点,站点的拥挤状态在网络中“相互传染”。
大客流运输组织与网络化运输组织协调,是我国城市轨道交通发展过程中的两个难题。本文立足二者的交叉点,结合国内外地铁网络运营经验以及相关先进理论,从路网统计特征及结构特征入手,解释大客流在网络中的扩散过程,以网络运输组织协调优化为方法,以应对大客流的挑战为根本目标展开研究,对提高路网资源配置的合理性,发挥网络系统整体能力与综合效益有一定借鉴意义。
本文首先以城市轨道交通网络本身的特性为切入点,利用复杂网络理论分析网络本身的基本统计及结构特征,解释大客流的网络特性；阐述了网络运营过程中制约网络运输能力的各个因素,明确了大客流的一般定义；论文通过改进传染病的经典传播模型,描述了大客流拥挤状态在网络各个站点间的传播过程及影响范围；在系统梳理城市轨道交通运输组织基本内容、单线应对大客流常规方法的基础上找出网络运营的新要求、新特点；以换乘站为关键点建立大客流偏好的网络递阶优化模型,通过调整各换乘站列车到发时刻表实现网络运输组织的协调优化,更好的应对大客流挑战。上述理论和算法研究都以北京城市轨道交通局部网络为例,进行实例分析。
In2012, urban rail transit lines are newly-builted or applied in37cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou whose urban rail network have formed. Network scale effect makes its ability to attract passenger increase drastically. Frequent large passenger flow was aroused by the contradiction between scale growth of passengers and limited ability of original lines. Beyond that, in consideration of train's limited and dynamic capacity, large passenger flow in one or several station may diffuse in the whole network through transfer station. Crowding infection between stations happened.
Both transportation organization of large passenger flow and transportation coordination in network restrict the process of urban rail transit. Established in their intersection, combined with both practical experience and advanced theories of urban rail transit domestic and overseas, this paper analyze the statistical and structural characteristics of the network, explain the process of crowding propagation.By the way of organization coordination, this paper aimed at coping with the large passenger flow. It offers certain reference significance to allocate the network resources reasonably and achieve better overall benefits of the network.
Started with the characteristics of urban transit network, this paper firstly utilized complex network theory to analyze the basic statistical and structural, realizing the network characteristics of the large passenger flow indirectly. Secondly it elaborated every element that constraint the network transportation capacity, specify the general concept of large passenger flow. It also improved the classical SIR model to describe the sate of crowding aroused by large passenger flow propagating in the network and its influence scope. Thirdly, on the foundation of the basic content of urban rail organization and conventional way in face of large passenger flow in single line, this paper find out the new requirement and characteristics of network operations, Standing as the key points of transfer station, a large passenger preference hierarchical optimization was established. We give a way to adjust the departure schedule of transfer station to achieve the network coordination, better cope with the challenge of large passenger flow. Above all, we analyzed the Beijing urban rail transit as an example with what we talk about before.
大客流运输组织与网络化运输组织协调,是我国城市轨道交通发展过程中的两个难题。本文立足二者的交叉点,结合国内外地铁网络运营经验以及相关先进理论,从路网统计特征及结构特征入手,解释大客流在网络中的扩散过程,以网络运输组织协调优化为方法,以应对大客流的挑战为根本目标展开研究,对提高路网资源配置的合理性,发挥网络系统整体能力与综合效益有一定借鉴意义。
本文首先以城市轨道交通网络本身的特性为切入点,利用复杂网络理论分析网络本身的基本统计及结构特征,解释大客流的网络特性；阐述了网络运营过程中制约网络运输能力的各个因素,明确了大客流的一般定义；论文通过改进传染病的经典传播模型,描述了大客流拥挤状态在网络各个站点间的传播过程及影响范围；在系统梳理城市轨道交通运输组织基本内容、单线应对大客流常规方法的基础上找出网络运营的新要求、新特点；以换乘站为关键点建立大客流偏好的网络递阶优化模型,通过调整各换乘站列车到发时刻表实现网络运输组织的协调优化,更好的应对大客流挑战。上述理论和算法研究都以北京城市轨道交通局部网络为例,进行实例分析。
In2012, urban rail transit lines are newly-builted or applied in37cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou whose urban rail network have formed. Network scale effect makes its ability to attract passenger increase drastically. Frequent large passenger flow was aroused by the contradiction between scale growth of passengers and limited ability of original lines. Beyond that, in consideration of train's limited and dynamic capacity, large passenger flow in one or several station may diffuse in the whole network through transfer station. Crowding infection between stations happened.
Both transportation organization of large passenger flow and transportation coordination in network restrict the process of urban rail transit. Established in their intersection, combined with both practical experience and advanced theories of urban rail transit domestic and overseas, this paper analyze the statistical and structural characteristics of the network, explain the process of crowding propagation.By the way of organization coordination, this paper aimed at coping with the large passenger flow. It offers certain reference significance to allocate the network resources reasonably and achieve better overall benefits of the network.
Started with the characteristics of urban transit network, this paper firstly utilized complex network theory to analyze the basic statistical and structural, realizing the network characteristics of the large passenger flow indirectly. Secondly it elaborated every element that constraint the network transportation capacity, specify the general concept of large passenger flow. It also improved the classical SIR model to describe the sate of crowding aroused by large passenger flow propagating in the network and its influence scope. Thirdly, on the foundation of the basic content of urban rail organization and conventional way in face of large passenger flow in single line, this paper find out the new requirement and characteristics of network operations, Standing as the key points of transfer station, a large passenger preference hierarchical optimization was established. We give a way to adjust the departure schedule of transfer station to achieve the network coordination, better cope with the challenge of large passenger flow. Above all, we analyzed the Beijing urban rail transit as an example with what we talk about before.
引文
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[22]四兵锋,毛保华,刘智丽.无缝换乘条件下城市轨道交通网络客流分配模型及算法[J].铁道学报,2007,29(6)：12-18.
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