博客篇类的系统功能语言学研究
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摘要
博客是一种新型的电子语篇，其在全球范围内的发展方兴未艾。然而，博客作为一种语篇类型尚未得到系统的研究。
本文运用系统功能语言学框架下的篇类分析模式对以日记博客为代表的网络博客进行了系统的语篇类型分析。通过对日记博客的“篇类结构潜势”与“情境构型”的实例分析，本文探究了博客篇类在语境和语义这两个层次上的突出特点。研究发现，博客在语篇结构上的特点主要体现在版式上，而其情境特征主要表现为不同博客之间的互联和互动。
本文还利用上述篇类分析模式将博客篇类与其它传统篇类进行了比较性研究，以便确定博客是否是一种新型的语篇类型。比较结果表明，虽然博客与传统的纸介篇类中的日记和网络篇类中的个人主页有许多相似之处，但博客与传统篇类在语篇结构和情境构型上根本的不同点远多于相同点，从而证明博客是一种新型的以计算机为媒介进行交流的语篇类型。
本文在进行上述篇类分析和比较研究的过程中得出的结果清晰而具有说服力。由此可见，基于系统功能语言学的篇类分析模式适用于分析互联网时代动态且互动性较强的语篇类型。
The webiog, or blog as it is most often called, is a new type of electronic discourse that has attained widespread popularity, yet it has not been systematically studied as a genre from a linguistic perspective.
This thesis conducts a genre analysis of the weblog within the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). It applies an SFL-based genre model to the analysis of the generic features of the weblog, which is nowadays most typically represented by 'journal biog.' Based on sample analyses of a number of journal blogs, the thesis arrives at the Generic Structure Potential and Contextual Configuration of the weblog, revealing salient features of this genre at the strata of context and semantics. It is found that the prominence of the weblog's generic structure lies in its format while the weblog's contextual features are highlighted by the interconnectivity and interaction between different weblogs.
The present study also uses the same genre model to compare the genre with its offline and online antecedents to determine whether the weblog constitutes a new genre. Results show that although the weblog bears some resemblance to its offline antecedent—paper diary, and its online antecedent—personal home page; crucial distinctions between the weblog and its antecedents in their generic structures and contextual configurations overwhelm their similarities, thus distinguishing the weblog as a fundamentally new genre of computer-mediated communication.
As the genre model applied in the present study yields clear and convincing results in analyzing the weblog and comparing it with other genres, the systemic-functional approach proves instrumental in studying dynamic and interactive genres of computer-mediated communication in the Internet era.
本文运用系统功能语言学框架下的篇类分析模式对以日记博客为代表的网络博客进行了系统的语篇类型分析。通过对日记博客的“篇类结构潜势”与“情境构型”的实例分析，本文探究了博客篇类在语境和语义这两个层次上的突出特点。研究发现，博客在语篇结构上的特点主要体现在版式上，而其情境特征主要表现为不同博客之间的互联和互动。
本文还利用上述篇类分析模式将博客篇类与其它传统篇类进行了比较性研究，以便确定博客是否是一种新型的语篇类型。比较结果表明，虽然博客与传统的纸介篇类中的日记和网络篇类中的个人主页有许多相似之处，但博客与传统篇类在语篇结构和情境构型上根本的不同点远多于相同点，从而证明博客是一种新型的以计算机为媒介进行交流的语篇类型。
本文在进行上述篇类分析和比较研究的过程中得出的结果清晰而具有说服力。由此可见，基于系统功能语言学的篇类分析模式适用于分析互联网时代动态且互动性较强的语篇类型。
The webiog, or blog as it is most often called, is a new type of electronic discourse that has attained widespread popularity, yet it has not been systematically studied as a genre from a linguistic perspective.
This thesis conducts a genre analysis of the weblog within the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). It applies an SFL-based genre model to the analysis of the generic features of the weblog, which is nowadays most typically represented by 'journal biog.' Based on sample analyses of a number of journal blogs, the thesis arrives at the Generic Structure Potential and Contextual Configuration of the weblog, revealing salient features of this genre at the strata of context and semantics. It is found that the prominence of the weblog's generic structure lies in its format while the weblog's contextual features are highlighted by the interconnectivity and interaction between different weblogs.
The present study also uses the same genre model to compare the genre with its offline and online antecedents to determine whether the weblog constitutes a new genre. Results show that although the weblog bears some resemblance to its offline antecedent—paper diary, and its online antecedent—personal home page; crucial distinctions between the weblog and its antecedents in their generic structures and contextual configurations overwhelm their similarities, thus distinguishing the weblog as a fundamentally new genre of computer-mediated communication.
As the genre model applied in the present study yields clear and convincing results in analyzing the weblog and comparing it with other genres, the systemic-functional approach proves instrumental in studying dynamic and interactive genres of computer-mediated communication in the Internet era.
引文
1 Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Aiamitos: IEEE Press.
2 Technorati is a real-time search for user-generated media (including blogs) by tag or keyword. It also provides popularity indexes.
3 Ratliff, Clancy, Blogs, Blogging, and Bloggers: A New Electronic Discourse. Retrieved from http://culturecat.net/files/ReviewEssay.pdf
4 Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia categorizes blogs into vlog, linklog, photoblog by media type, into moblog by which type of device is used to compose them, into political blogs, travel biogs and etc. by the particular subjects they focus on, and into private and business blogs by the legal status of publishers.
5 Bausch, P., Haughey, M., & Hourihan, M. 2002. We Blog: Publishing Online with Weblogs. Wiley.
6 Krishnamurthy's weblog classification system is available at http://www.cheesebikini.com/208/archives/001022.html
7 Hening, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
8 Crowston, K. & Williams, M. 2000. Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World-Wide Web. The Information Society, 16, p. 201-216.
13 All publications by the BROG Group are available at its official website at http://www.blogninja.com/
14 Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE press.
15 Statistics cited on B3, Beijing Youth Daily, October 8, 2006.
16 胡壮麟，2006，博客——一种新的嘲络交流方式，《外语与翻译》总第51期：1-8．
17 Ibid p. 1.
18 Miller, C. R. 1984. Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70, p. 151-167.
19 Jack C. Richards et al., eds., 2002. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, p. 195.
20 Orlikowski, W., & Yates J. 1998. Genre systems: structuring interaction through communicative norms. Cambridge, MA: MIT. Retrieved from http://ccs.mit.edu/wp_toc.html.
21 Yates, J., & Orlikowski, W. J.. 1992. Genres of organizational communication: A structurational approach to studying communication and media. Academy of Management Review 17: 2. p. 299-326.
22 Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic Settings. Cambridge University Press.
26 See listed works in Bibliography by Fang Yan, Hu Zhuanglin, Huang Guowen, Qin Xiubai, Yang Xucyan, Yu Hui and Zhang Delu.
27 杨雪燕，2007，篇类研究的理论视角及其层次性，《外语教学》总第123期：27-31。
28 Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: OUP. The original is: "Any instance of living language that is playing some part in a context of situation, we shall call a text."
29 张德禄，2002a，语类研究概览，《外国语》总第140期：13-22。
34 Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: OUP. p. 53.
35 Ibid. p. 64.
36 Meg Hourihan is an independent Web consultant and freelance writer. She is a co-author of the book, We Blog: Publishing Online with Weblogs.
37 Hourihan, M. 2002. What We're Doing When We Biog. O'Reilly Network [On-line]. Available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/javascript/2002/06/13/megnut.html
38 Martin, J. R. 2002. From Little Things Big Things Grow: ecogenesis in school geography, in R. Coe, L. Lingard & T. Tcslenko (Eds) The Rhetoric and Ideology of Genre: strategies for stability and change, p. 243-271. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
39 For more information about RSS, please refer to the website at http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/12/18/diveinto-xml.html
40 Hourihan, M. 2002. What We're Doing When We Blog. O'Reilly Network [On-line]. Available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/javascript/2002/06/13/megnut.html
44 Graham, Brad L. 2002. Why I Weblog. In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Webiogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 34-40.
45 Powazek, Derek M. 2002. What the hell is a Weblog and why won't they leave me alone? In John Rodzvilla (Eb.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Pubfishing. p. 3-6.
46 Ibid.
48 Clark, Joe. 2002. Deconstructing "You've Got Blog". In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 57-68.
49 Viegas, Fernanda. Blog Survey: Expectations of Privacy and Accountability, 2004, Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～fviegas/survey/blog/results.htm
51 Fernback, Jan. 2003. Legends on the Net: An Examination of Computer-mediated Communication as a Locus of Oral Culture. New Media and Society 5: 1, p. 29-45.
52 Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_blog. Last updated May 10, 2006.
53 Marlow, Cameron. 2004. Audience, structure and authority in the weblog community. Presented at the meeting of the 54th Annual Conference, International Communication Associatton, New Orleans. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～cameron/cv/pubs/04-01.pdf.
54 Blood, Rebecca. 2002. The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 18-19.
55 Scheidt, Lois Ann. Adolescent Diary Weblogs and the Unseen Audience. in Buckingham, David and Willett, Rebekah (Ed.), Digital Generations: Children, Young People and New Media. London: Lawrence Erlbaum. Retrieved from http://ella.slis.indiana.edu/～lscheidt/publishing/Adolescent_Diary_Weblogs_and the_Unseen_Audience.pdf.
56 McNeill, Laurie. 2003. Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Interact. Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 26(1), p. 26
57 Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs, In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
58 Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Tea: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective[M]. Oxford: OUP. p. 46.
59 Miller, C. R. 1984. Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech, Vol. 70, p. 151-167.
60 Herring, Scheidt et al. 2004; Miller and Shepherd 2004
61 Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic Settings. Cambridge University Press.
Bauer, M. W. 2000. Classical content analysis: A review. In M. W. Bauer & G Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative Researching with Text, Image, and Sound: A Practical Handbook (pp. 131-151). London: Sage Publications.
Bausch, P., Haughey, M., & Hourihan, M. 2002. We Blog: Publishing Online with Weblogs. Wiley.
Blood, Rebecca. 2002. Weblogs: A history and perspective. In J. Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've got blog: How weblogs are changing our culture. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 7-16.
Blood, Rebecca. 2002. The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Biog. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 18-19.
Breure, Leen. Development of the Genre Concept, version 1.0.1 - August, 2001. Retrieved from http://www.cs.uu.nl/pcople/leen/GenreDev/GenreDevelopment.htm
Bunkers, Suzanne L. 2001. Diaries of Girls and Women: A Midwestern American Sampler. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Clark, Joe. 2002. Deconstructing "You've Got Blog". In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 57-68.
Crowston, K. & Williams, M. 2000. Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World-Wide Web. The Information Society, 16, p. 201-216.
Fernback, Jan. 2003. Legends on the Net: An Examination of Computer-mediated Communication as a Locus of Oral Culture. New Media and Society 5: 1. p. 29-45.
Graham, Brad L. 2002. Why I Weblog. In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 34-40.
Halliday, M. A. K. 2000. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. 2001. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: OUP.
Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press
Hourihan, Meg. 2002. What We're Doing When We Biog. O'Reilly Network [On-line] Available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/javascript/2002/06/13/megnut.html
Jack C. Richards et al., eds., 2002. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, p. 195.
Krishnamurthy, Sandeep. Weblog classification system, http://www.cheesebikini. com/208/archives/001022.html
Lejeune, Philippe. 2001. How do diaries end? Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 24(1), p. 99-112.
Marlow, Cameron. 2004. Audience, structure and authority in the weblog community. Presented at the meeting of the 54th Annual Conference, International Communication Association, New Orleans. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～cameron/cv/pubs/04-01.pdf.
Martin, J. R. 2002. From Little Things Big Things Grow: ecogenesis in school geography, in R. Coe, L. Lingard & T. Teslenko (eds) The Rhetoric and Ideology of Genre: strategies for stability and change, pp. 243-271. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
McNeill, Laurie. 2003. Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet. Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 26(1), p. 26.
Miller, Carolyn R. 1984. Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70, p. 151-167.
Miller, Carolyn R. & Shepard, Dawn. 2004. BIogging as Social Action: A Gen re Analysis of the Weblog. In Laura J. Gurak, Smiljana Antonijevic, Laurie Jo hnson, Clancy Ratliff, & Jessica Reyman (Eds.), Into the Blogosphere: Rhetoric, Community, and Culture of Weblogs. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. R etdeved from http://blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/blogging_as_sociai_action.html.
Orlikowski, W., & Yates, J. 1998. Genre systems: structuring interaction through communicative norms. Cambridge, MA: MIT. Retrieved from http://ccs.mit.edu/wp_toc.html.
Powazek, Derek M. 2002. What the hell is a Weblog and why won't they leave me alone? In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 3-6.
Ratliff, Clancy. Blogs, Blogging, and Bloggers: A New Electronic Discourse. Retrieved from http://culturecat.net/files/ReviewEssay.pdf
'Recent public posts to LiveJournal.' Retrieved February 6, 2007 from http://livejournal.com/site/search.hml
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Scheidt, Lois Ann & Wright, Elijah. 2004. Common Visual Design Elements of
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Statistics of bloggers in China. B3, Beijing Youth Daily, October 8, 2006.
Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic Settings. Cambridge University Press.
Viegas, Fernanda. 2004. Blog Survey: Expectations of Privacy and Accountability. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～fviegas/survey/blog/results.htm
Weblog and Blog Reference List. Retrieved from http://www.professicnal-lurker. com/iinked/static/Weblog_and_Blog_Bibliography.pdf
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_blog.
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2 Technorati is a real-time search for user-generated media (including blogs) by tag or keyword. It also provides popularity indexes.
3 Ratliff, Clancy, Blogs, Blogging, and Bloggers: A New Electronic Discourse. Retrieved from http://culturecat.net/files/ReviewEssay.pdf
4 Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia categorizes blogs into vlog, linklog, photoblog by media type, into moblog by which type of device is used to compose them, into political blogs, travel biogs and etc. by the particular subjects they focus on, and into private and business blogs by the legal status of publishers.
5 Bausch, P., Haughey, M., & Hourihan, M. 2002. We Blog: Publishing Online with Weblogs. Wiley.
6 Krishnamurthy's weblog classification system is available at http://www.cheesebikini.com/208/archives/001022.html
7 Hening, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
8 Crowston, K. & Williams, M. 2000. Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World-Wide Web. The Information Society, 16, p. 201-216.
13 All publications by the BROG Group are available at its official website at http://www.blogninja.com/
14 Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. 2004. Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04), Los Alamitos: IEEE press.
15 Statistics cited on B3, Beijing Youth Daily, October 8, 2006.
16 胡壮麟，2006，博客——一种新的嘲络交流方式，《外语与翻译》总第51期：1-8．
17 Ibid p. 1.
18 Miller, C. R. 1984. Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70, p. 151-167.
19 Jack C. Richards et al., eds., 2002. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, p. 195.
20 Orlikowski, W., & Yates J. 1998. Genre systems: structuring interaction through communicative norms. Cambridge, MA: MIT. Retrieved from http://ccs.mit.edu/wp_toc.html.
21 Yates, J., & Orlikowski, W. J.. 1992. Genres of organizational communication: A structurational approach to studying communication and media. Academy of Management Review 17: 2. p. 299-326.
22 Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic Settings. Cambridge University Press.
26 See listed works in Bibliography by Fang Yan, Hu Zhuanglin, Huang Guowen, Qin Xiubai, Yang Xucyan, Yu Hui and Zhang Delu.
27 杨雪燕，2007，篇类研究的理论视角及其层次性，《外语教学》总第123期：27-31。
28 Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: OUP. The original is: "Any instance of living language that is playing some part in a context of situation, we shall call a text."
29 张德禄，2002a，语类研究概览，《外国语》总第140期：13-22。
34 Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. 1989. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: OUP. p. 53.
35 Ibid. p. 64.
36 Meg Hourihan is an independent Web consultant and freelance writer. She is a co-author of the book, We Blog: Publishing Online with Weblogs.
37 Hourihan, M. 2002. What We're Doing When We Biog. O'Reilly Network [On-line]. Available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/javascript/2002/06/13/megnut.html
38 Martin, J. R. 2002. From Little Things Big Things Grow: ecogenesis in school geography, in R. Coe, L. Lingard & T. Tcslenko (Eds) The Rhetoric and Ideology of Genre: strategies for stability and change, p. 243-271. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
39 For more information about RSS, please refer to the website at http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/12/18/diveinto-xml.html
40 Hourihan, M. 2002. What We're Doing When We Blog. O'Reilly Network [On-line]. Available at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/javascript/2002/06/13/megnut.html
44 Graham, Brad L. 2002. Why I Weblog. In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Webiogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 34-40.
45 Powazek, Derek M. 2002. What the hell is a Weblog and why won't they leave me alone? In John Rodzvilla (Eb.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Pubfishing. p. 3-6.
46 Ibid.
48 Clark, Joe. 2002. Deconstructing "You've Got Blog". In John Rodzvilla (Ed.), We've Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing. p. 57-68.
49 Viegas, Fernanda. Blog Survey: Expectations of Privacy and Accountability, 2004, Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～fviegas/survey/blog/results.htm
51 Fernback, Jan. 2003. Legends on the Net: An Examination of Computer-mediated Communication as a Locus of Oral Culture. New Media and Society 5: 1, p. 29-45.
52 Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_blog. Last updated May 10, 2006.
53 Marlow, Cameron. 2004. Audience, structure and authority in the weblog community. Presented at the meeting of the 54th Annual Conference, International Communication Associatton, New Orleans. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/～cameron/cv/pubs/04-01.pdf.
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