资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理及其评价研究
|
摘要
我国从上个世纪80年代已开始了对国有资源型企业给予大量资金的支持,推动其发展替代产业,以使它们在资源枯竭时,能够顺利完成产业转型。然而,仍有不少资源型城市因为资源枯竭即将面临“矿竭城衰”的威胁。值得关注的是,这一问题并非我国特有,有的开始了产业转型,但至今也尚未彻底完成：有的转型成功,有的转型失败。为什么资源型企业群落产业转型如此艰难?为什么同样面对资源枯竭的威胁,有些群落日趋衰败,而有些群落通过重建却能迅速崛起?本文创造性将“脆弱性”概念引入管理学领域,并与资源型企业群落的持续发展相联系。从系统的角度来看,支撑资源型的区域经济发展不仅有资源型产业,还有与资源相关产业与支持产业,如果后者具有良好的成长能力能够替代前者,实现了所谓的转型,那么,即使资源枯竭,也不会出现整个群落的衰退。究其原因,关键在于资源型企业群落不仅缺乏应有的多样性、适应性、灵活性,更重要的是缺乏对原有群落生态的替代性恢复能力,简言之,资源型群落的脆弱性是其衰败的根源之所在。
脆弱性分析的哲学思想和应用来自于上个世纪七十年代的自然灾害研究,在怎样确定人群中那些最脆弱的人群以及寻找如何应付和适应灾难的机制以减轻其危险的需求下而产生的。起初,主要集中于地学领域,且这一术语多频繁地出现于风险和灾害等方面的文献中；随后,越来越多应用于全球环境变化和环境与发展问题的研究中。现有的脆弱性研究主要局限于自然与人文系统,经济与管理领域研究成果极少,资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理尤其缺乏。不仅不能系统地识别脆弱性的驱动因子,而且驱动因子与群落脆弱性以及区域经济衰败之间相互作用的实证分析也很缺乏。虽然理论界初步建立了区域经济发展的脆弱性评估指标体系,但它缺乏严密地论证,其评价效果的科学性还尚待验证,科学地预警资源型企业群落的脆弱性仍然缺乏先期研究的支持和有效的工具。与脆弱性相关的是对企业集群稳定性与风险的研究,虽然取得了一定的成果,但局限于传统的经济学方法,侧重于宏观,忽视了集群对外部环境适应的主动性；风险形成的因素也缺乏系统研究,对集群风险的解释力不够。这些研究为脆弱性的研究提供了相应的借鉴,尤其是影响因素的分析为脆弱性形成机理理论模型的构建创造了条件。目前,理论研究缺乏脆弱性机理的基础性研究,只能解释企业集群能够存在的理由和为什么具有强大的生命力,不能解释资源型群落脆弱性产生的根源和机制,导致实践之中很难准确地把握资源型企业群落持续发展中的障碍性因子,无法对资源型企业群落的持续提供有效指导。因此,有必要探索资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理,揭示其衰败的内在规律,在此基础之上,寻求其治理之策,从而实现其可持续发展。
本文以资源型企业群落为研究对象,运用文献研究、调查问卷、企业访谈、假设检验对资源型企业群落的脆弱性形成机理进行了实证研究、根据实证的脆弱性机理,用网络层次分析法对部分样本进行了脆弱性评价。主要内容如下：
(1)资源型企业群落与其它行业的企业群落相比,具有明显的资源型产业特点,对这些特点的科学认识是开展本研究的基础。通过生产路径的考察,初步明确了资源型企业群落的边界；基于网络的视角,分别从主体、资源、活动等角度出发,对资源型企业群落的构造进行了系统分析,明确了资源型企业群落是由6大主体以各种资源为纽带,通过多层次的活动联系在一起的有机整体,并概括了其根植性、聚集性、分工性、网络性、垄断性等特点。同时,本文也对资源型企业群落的周期演替进行了分析。
(2)在国内外有关脆弱性的文献研究基础上,从一般系统的“脆弱性”进行类比,并结合资源型企业群落的特点,界定了资源型企业群落脆弱性的内涵。导致资源型企业群落脆弱性的影响因素很多,从系统的角度讲,主要包括环境、结构、行为等方面。其中,环境方面具体包括资源约束、政府支持、市场变动等因素：结构方面主要是基于考虑资源型企业群落网络；行为主要是指资源型企业群落作为一个系统,在受到外部冲击后所体现的敏感、抵抗、恢复等行为。
(3)资源型企业脆弱性的诸影响因素与脆弱性之间的关系是复杂的。并非都是直接作用的,有些因素可能是间接的,即这些影响因素之间也存在相互影响关系；有些影响因素会通过改变其他影响因素来改变资源型企业群落的脆弱性。本文通过理论分析,构建了基于E-SCP范式的研究框架,通过文献研究与逻辑推理对环境(E)→结构(S)、结构(S)→行为(C)、行为(C)→绩效(P)等路径的逻辑关系进行了理论假设,初步建立起包含20个路径假设和5个调节效应假设的资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理的概念模型。
(4)在文献研究的基础上,对概念模型中所涉及的资源约束、市场变动、政府支持、商业网络、技术网络、社会网络、敏感性、抵抗力、恢复力等脆弱性影响因素以及脆弱性等相关变量逐一进行操作化定义与测量,从而完成问卷设计工作,为假设检验奠定基础。
(5)对资源型企业群落进行大样本的统计调查,得到第一于资料,利用统计软件对样本进行描述,并对样本数据进行同源检测、信度分析、效度分析,确保样本数据质量,在此丛础上用SmartPLS2.0软件对概念模型进行PLS法验证。结果表明,20个路径假设中有17个获得了支持,3个未获支持；5个调节效应中,有1个获得了支持,有1个获得了反向支持,另外3个未获支持。本文对通过验证的假设与未通过验证的假设分别加以进一步讨论,以揭示资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理。
(6)根据通过实证检验的脆弱性形成机理模型,构建资源型企业群落脆弱性的评价指标体系,针对指标间复杂的网络关系的特点,运用网络层次分析法计算指标权重,并在所调查的问卷中随机挑选一些样本进行脆弱性实际评估,根据脆弱性的不同引致原因,将资源型企业群落分成四种类型,并提出相应的治理对策与建议。
本文建立了资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理,可以很好地说明资源型企业群落脆弱性是由多种因素综合作用而引发的,有外生(环境)作用,也有内生(结构)作用,还有复杂的作用过程。其中,资源约束在脆弱性形成过程中的源头作用,加上市场变动,政府支持这两个对脆弱性形成起对立作用的力量直接影响或调节作用,构成资源型企业群落较为复杂的外部环境；外部不断扰动的环境,对资源型企业群落的结构造成影响,致使商业网络刚性、技术网络刚性、社会网络刚性的强化,其不利作用凸现,从而导致群落的行为能力,诸如敏感性、抵抗力、恢复力等能力不足,从而使得资源型企业群落脆弱性显现,严重的走向衰退。
本文构建了基于E-SCP范式的资源型企业群落脆弱性综合评价框架,根据实证的脆弱性形成机理模型中各个潜变量之间的网络关系,建立了基于ANP的结构模型,从而确立各个指标的权重。而这种基于E-SCP范式,采用ANP法确定权重的资源型企业群落脆弱性评价模型应该开放或普适的,可根据实践的需要可以动态地加以调整,从而增强实践操作性。通过选择部分样本,对资源型企业群落综合评价框架进行了应用研究,发现资源型企业群落脆弱性的引致原因主要有两个：一是环境约束：二是结构刚性。根据评价结果,可将资源型企业群落进一步可以划分为低-低型、高-低型、高-高型、低-高型。与此对应,资源型企业群落脆弱性可采取不同的治理模式,但不论何种治理模式,创新的作用不容忽视。
总之,本文的理论和实证研究成果丰富和完善了国内外学者有关资源型企业群落的发展理论,可以较好地解释现实中的资源型企业群落脆弱性的原因,基于E-SCP范式的资源型企业群落综合评价框架也具有较强的系统性与可操作性,可为资源型企业群落脆弱性的治理提供一个新的切实可行的工具。
State-owned resource-based enterprises have been funded by Chinese government with a large amount of money since the 1980s in order to promote them to develop alternative industries so that they could successfully industrial transform in the event of resource exhaustion. Despite of this effort, there are still many resource-based cities that face the threat of " dying resource, dying city". The notable is that this dilemma is not only existed in our country. Some countries had successfully completed their transformation while some had failed and some still have been being in the process. Why is it so difficult for the resource-based enterprises community successfully transforming? Why is it so different that some communities were dilapidated while the others rose up through thriving when they faced the same menace of resource exhaustion? The concept of "vulnerability" was creatively applied in the management field, and also was related with the sustainable development of resource-based enterprises community. From systematic view, the resource-based regional economy not only includes resource-based industries but also their supporting industries. The transformation would take place when the latter possessed health growth ability to replace the former. In this case, the recession of the whole community would not happen even if resource exhaustion occurred. The reason was resource-based enterprises community lacking of diversity, adaptability, flexibility. More importantly, they lack of ecology restorative ability from the original community. In short, the vulnerability of resource-based enterprises community was the primary cause of the recession.
The philosophic thinking of Vulnerability analysis was originated from the natural disasters studies in the 1970s, aiming at defining the most vulnerable crowd and finding the adaptive mechanism when dealing with crisis. At the beginning, the majority of its application focusing in the geological field, the term was frequently used in literatures concerning risk and disasters, and later it could be seen more and more in the research of global climate change and environmental development issues. The existing vulnerability research mainly was confined to natural and humanitarian areas, seldom be applied in economic and management fields, and rarer in the research of the formation mechanism of resource-based enterprises community vulnerability. The driving forces of vulnerability could not be identified by general research; moreover the empirical analysis of the interaction among the driving forces, community vulnerability and the regional economic decline was also scarce. Despite the assessment index system of the vulnerability on regional economic development was primarily established by theoretical research, the science behind the assessment effectiveness is still in question due to lack of close verification of the assessment system. For scientifically predicting the vulnerability of resource-based enterprises community, preliminary study and effective tools were needed. Even though the risk and stability study of the enterprises community, which is related to vulnerability, have made some achievements, however, confined to the traditional economic methods, being too microscopic as to ignore the initiative of cluster's adaptability to the environment and the absence of systematic research of the causes of risk. All made those researches somehow unconvincing. Nevertheless, those studies——especially the analysis of driving forces——provide insight and prerequisite as to the construction of theoretical model for formation mechanism of vulnerability. The theoretical research of the mechanism of vulnerability is still in demand, the current researches are confined to the reason of the existence of enterprise cluster and why it possesses great vitality. The barrier factor of resource-based enterprises community's sustainable development still eludes us, making it impossible to provide guidance due to the lack of explanation in the primary cause and mechanism about the formation of the resource-based enterprises community vulnerability. Thus, it is necessary to explore the formation mechanism of enterprise community vulnerability and reveal the internal rules of the community decline, to seek proper solutions and to realize sustainable development.
The empirical research of the forming mechanism of resource-based enterprises community vulnerability was carried out by using literature review, questionnaire, enterprises interview and hypothesis testing. The network analytic process was applied to evaluate the vulnerability of some samples. The main focuses of this thesis are as follows:
(1) Based on the distinctive characteristics of resource-based enterprises community, the investigation of production path was carried out to define the boundary of the resource-based enterprises community. Then from the network perspective, the structure of resource-based enterprises community was systematically analyzed from some aspects such as subject, resources and activities. The community was defined as an organism in which six main subjects were bonded with various resources, by associating with multi-level activities. Characteristics of resource-based enterprises community were summarized as Embeddedness, Aggregation, Division, Network, and Monopoly. Meanwhile, the cyclic succession of resource-based enterprises community was also analyzed in this paper.
(2) The "vulnerability" connotation of resources-based enterprises community was defined, based on literature review of vulnerability, systems comparing vulnerability, and combining with its characteristics. The factors which cause resource-based enterprises community vulnerability were multifarious, from the systematic view, including environment, structure, conduct etc. Environmental aspects include factors such as resource limit, government support, market diversification. Structural aspects are mainly about the resource-based enterprises community network. Conduct aspects mainly refer to the action of the resource-based enterprises community as a system after external impacted behaving as sensitivity, resistance and resilience.
(3)The relationship between the influencing factors and the vulnerability of the resource-based enterprises community is complex. They not all directly influence maybe indirect influence by interacting with each other or changing the other influencing factors to influence the vulnerability of the resource-based enterprises community. Based on the literature review and logical deduction, the research framework based on the E-SCP paradigm was contrasted. The theoretical hypothesis of the formation of the resource-based enterprises community vulnerability was made from logic relationship among environment(E)→structure(S), structure(S)→conduct(C), conduct(C)→performance(P), containing twenty hypothetical paths and five hypothetical moderating effects.
(4)Based on the literature review, operational definition and measurement were conducted for the influencing factors one by one, such as resource limit, market alternation, government support, commercial network, technical network, social network, sensitivity, resistance, resilience and other variables. The Questionnaire was designed to lay the foundation for hypothesis testing.
(5) The firsthand data from the large sample of statistical investigation was gathered. By employing statistical software for Common Method Variance detection, Reliability analysis and Validity analysis were conducted to ensure the quality of the statistics. SmartPLS2.0 software on the conceptual model for validation with PLS method was used. The results showed seventeen out
脆弱性分析的哲学思想和应用来自于上个世纪七十年代的自然灾害研究,在怎样确定人群中那些最脆弱的人群以及寻找如何应付和适应灾难的机制以减轻其危险的需求下而产生的。起初,主要集中于地学领域,且这一术语多频繁地出现于风险和灾害等方面的文献中；随后,越来越多应用于全球环境变化和环境与发展问题的研究中。现有的脆弱性研究主要局限于自然与人文系统,经济与管理领域研究成果极少,资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理尤其缺乏。不仅不能系统地识别脆弱性的驱动因子,而且驱动因子与群落脆弱性以及区域经济衰败之间相互作用的实证分析也很缺乏。虽然理论界初步建立了区域经济发展的脆弱性评估指标体系,但它缺乏严密地论证,其评价效果的科学性还尚待验证,科学地预警资源型企业群落的脆弱性仍然缺乏先期研究的支持和有效的工具。与脆弱性相关的是对企业集群稳定性与风险的研究,虽然取得了一定的成果,但局限于传统的经济学方法,侧重于宏观,忽视了集群对外部环境适应的主动性；风险形成的因素也缺乏系统研究,对集群风险的解释力不够。这些研究为脆弱性的研究提供了相应的借鉴,尤其是影响因素的分析为脆弱性形成机理理论模型的构建创造了条件。目前,理论研究缺乏脆弱性机理的基础性研究,只能解释企业集群能够存在的理由和为什么具有强大的生命力,不能解释资源型群落脆弱性产生的根源和机制,导致实践之中很难准确地把握资源型企业群落持续发展中的障碍性因子,无法对资源型企业群落的持续提供有效指导。因此,有必要探索资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理,揭示其衰败的内在规律,在此基础之上,寻求其治理之策,从而实现其可持续发展。
本文以资源型企业群落为研究对象,运用文献研究、调查问卷、企业访谈、假设检验对资源型企业群落的脆弱性形成机理进行了实证研究、根据实证的脆弱性机理,用网络层次分析法对部分样本进行了脆弱性评价。主要内容如下：
(1)资源型企业群落与其它行业的企业群落相比,具有明显的资源型产业特点,对这些特点的科学认识是开展本研究的基础。通过生产路径的考察,初步明确了资源型企业群落的边界；基于网络的视角,分别从主体、资源、活动等角度出发,对资源型企业群落的构造进行了系统分析,明确了资源型企业群落是由6大主体以各种资源为纽带,通过多层次的活动联系在一起的有机整体,并概括了其根植性、聚集性、分工性、网络性、垄断性等特点。同时,本文也对资源型企业群落的周期演替进行了分析。
(2)在国内外有关脆弱性的文献研究基础上,从一般系统的“脆弱性”进行类比,并结合资源型企业群落的特点,界定了资源型企业群落脆弱性的内涵。导致资源型企业群落脆弱性的影响因素很多,从系统的角度讲,主要包括环境、结构、行为等方面。其中,环境方面具体包括资源约束、政府支持、市场变动等因素：结构方面主要是基于考虑资源型企业群落网络；行为主要是指资源型企业群落作为一个系统,在受到外部冲击后所体现的敏感、抵抗、恢复等行为。
(3)资源型企业脆弱性的诸影响因素与脆弱性之间的关系是复杂的。并非都是直接作用的,有些因素可能是间接的,即这些影响因素之间也存在相互影响关系；有些影响因素会通过改变其他影响因素来改变资源型企业群落的脆弱性。本文通过理论分析,构建了基于E-SCP范式的研究框架,通过文献研究与逻辑推理对环境(E)→结构(S)、结构(S)→行为(C)、行为(C)→绩效(P)等路径的逻辑关系进行了理论假设,初步建立起包含20个路径假设和5个调节效应假设的资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理的概念模型。
(4)在文献研究的基础上,对概念模型中所涉及的资源约束、市场变动、政府支持、商业网络、技术网络、社会网络、敏感性、抵抗力、恢复力等脆弱性影响因素以及脆弱性等相关变量逐一进行操作化定义与测量,从而完成问卷设计工作,为假设检验奠定基础。
(5)对资源型企业群落进行大样本的统计调查,得到第一于资料,利用统计软件对样本进行描述,并对样本数据进行同源检测、信度分析、效度分析,确保样本数据质量,在此丛础上用SmartPLS2.0软件对概念模型进行PLS法验证。结果表明,20个路径假设中有17个获得了支持,3个未获支持；5个调节效应中,有1个获得了支持,有1个获得了反向支持,另外3个未获支持。本文对通过验证的假设与未通过验证的假设分别加以进一步讨论,以揭示资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理。
(6)根据通过实证检验的脆弱性形成机理模型,构建资源型企业群落脆弱性的评价指标体系,针对指标间复杂的网络关系的特点,运用网络层次分析法计算指标权重,并在所调查的问卷中随机挑选一些样本进行脆弱性实际评估,根据脆弱性的不同引致原因,将资源型企业群落分成四种类型,并提出相应的治理对策与建议。
本文建立了资源型企业群落脆弱性形成机理,可以很好地说明资源型企业群落脆弱性是由多种因素综合作用而引发的,有外生(环境)作用,也有内生(结构)作用,还有复杂的作用过程。其中,资源约束在脆弱性形成过程中的源头作用,加上市场变动,政府支持这两个对脆弱性形成起对立作用的力量直接影响或调节作用,构成资源型企业群落较为复杂的外部环境；外部不断扰动的环境,对资源型企业群落的结构造成影响,致使商业网络刚性、技术网络刚性、社会网络刚性的强化,其不利作用凸现,从而导致群落的行为能力,诸如敏感性、抵抗力、恢复力等能力不足,从而使得资源型企业群落脆弱性显现,严重的走向衰退。
本文构建了基于E-SCP范式的资源型企业群落脆弱性综合评价框架,根据实证的脆弱性形成机理模型中各个潜变量之间的网络关系,建立了基于ANP的结构模型,从而确立各个指标的权重。而这种基于E-SCP范式,采用ANP法确定权重的资源型企业群落脆弱性评价模型应该开放或普适的,可根据实践的需要可以动态地加以调整,从而增强实践操作性。通过选择部分样本,对资源型企业群落综合评价框架进行了应用研究,发现资源型企业群落脆弱性的引致原因主要有两个：一是环境约束：二是结构刚性。根据评价结果,可将资源型企业群落进一步可以划分为低-低型、高-低型、高-高型、低-高型。与此对应,资源型企业群落脆弱性可采取不同的治理模式,但不论何种治理模式,创新的作用不容忽视。
总之,本文的理论和实证研究成果丰富和完善了国内外学者有关资源型企业群落的发展理论,可以较好地解释现实中的资源型企业群落脆弱性的原因,基于E-SCP范式的资源型企业群落综合评价框架也具有较强的系统性与可操作性,可为资源型企业群落脆弱性的治理提供一个新的切实可行的工具。
State-owned resource-based enterprises have been funded by Chinese government with a large amount of money since the 1980s in order to promote them to develop alternative industries so that they could successfully industrial transform in the event of resource exhaustion. Despite of this effort, there are still many resource-based cities that face the threat of " dying resource, dying city". The notable is that this dilemma is not only existed in our country. Some countries had successfully completed their transformation while some had failed and some still have been being in the process. Why is it so difficult for the resource-based enterprises community successfully transforming? Why is it so different that some communities were dilapidated while the others rose up through thriving when they faced the same menace of resource exhaustion? The concept of "vulnerability" was creatively applied in the management field, and also was related with the sustainable development of resource-based enterprises community. From systematic view, the resource-based regional economy not only includes resource-based industries but also their supporting industries. The transformation would take place when the latter possessed health growth ability to replace the former. In this case, the recession of the whole community would not happen even if resource exhaustion occurred. The reason was resource-based enterprises community lacking of diversity, adaptability, flexibility. More importantly, they lack of ecology restorative ability from the original community. In short, the vulnerability of resource-based enterprises community was the primary cause of the recession.
The philosophic thinking of Vulnerability analysis was originated from the natural disasters studies in the 1970s, aiming at defining the most vulnerable crowd and finding the adaptive mechanism when dealing with crisis. At the beginning, the majority of its application focusing in the geological field, the term was frequently used in literatures concerning risk and disasters, and later it could be seen more and more in the research of global climate change and environmental development issues. The existing vulnerability research mainly was confined to natural and humanitarian areas, seldom be applied in economic and management fields, and rarer in the research of the formation mechanism of resource-based enterprises community vulnerability. The driving forces of vulnerability could not be identified by general research; moreover the empirical analysis of the interaction among the driving forces, community vulnerability and the regional economic decline was also scarce. Despite the assessment index system of the vulnerability on regional economic development was primarily established by theoretical research, the science behind the assessment effectiveness is still in question due to lack of close verification of the assessment system. For scientifically predicting the vulnerability of resource-based enterprises community, preliminary study and effective tools were needed. Even though the risk and stability study of the enterprises community, which is related to vulnerability, have made some achievements, however, confined to the traditional economic methods, being too microscopic as to ignore the initiative of cluster's adaptability to the environment and the absence of systematic research of the causes of risk. All made those researches somehow unconvincing. Nevertheless, those studies——especially the analysis of driving forces——provide insight and prerequisite as to the construction of theoretical model for formation mechanism of vulnerability. The theoretical research of the mechanism of vulnerability is still in demand, the current researches are confined to the reason of the existence of enterprise cluster and why it possesses great vitality. The barrier factor of resource-based enterprises community's sustainable development still eludes us, making it impossible to provide guidance due to the lack of explanation in the primary cause and mechanism about the formation of the resource-based enterprises community vulnerability. Thus, it is necessary to explore the formation mechanism of enterprise community vulnerability and reveal the internal rules of the community decline, to seek proper solutions and to realize sustainable development.
The empirical research of the forming mechanism of resource-based enterprises community vulnerability was carried out by using literature review, questionnaire, enterprises interview and hypothesis testing. The network analytic process was applied to evaluate the vulnerability of some samples. The main focuses of this thesis are as follows:
(1) Based on the distinctive characteristics of resource-based enterprises community, the investigation of production path was carried out to define the boundary of the resource-based enterprises community. Then from the network perspective, the structure of resource-based enterprises community was systematically analyzed from some aspects such as subject, resources and activities. The community was defined as an organism in which six main subjects were bonded with various resources, by associating with multi-level activities. Characteristics of resource-based enterprises community were summarized as Embeddedness, Aggregation, Division, Network, and Monopoly. Meanwhile, the cyclic succession of resource-based enterprises community was also analyzed in this paper.
(2) The "vulnerability" connotation of resources-based enterprises community was defined, based on literature review of vulnerability, systems comparing vulnerability, and combining with its characteristics. The factors which cause resource-based enterprises community vulnerability were multifarious, from the systematic view, including environment, structure, conduct etc. Environmental aspects include factors such as resource limit, government support, market diversification. Structural aspects are mainly about the resource-based enterprises community network. Conduct aspects mainly refer to the action of the resource-based enterprises community as a system after external impacted behaving as sensitivity, resistance and resilience.
(3)The relationship between the influencing factors and the vulnerability of the resource-based enterprises community is complex. They not all directly influence maybe indirect influence by interacting with each other or changing the other influencing factors to influence the vulnerability of the resource-based enterprises community. Based on the literature review and logical deduction, the research framework based on the E-SCP paradigm was contrasted. The theoretical hypothesis of the formation of the resource-based enterprises community vulnerability was made from logic relationship among environment(E)→structure(S), structure(S)→conduct(C), conduct(C)→performance(P), containing twenty hypothetical paths and five hypothetical moderating effects.
(4)Based on the literature review, operational definition and measurement were conducted for the influencing factors one by one, such as resource limit, market alternation, government support, commercial network, technical network, social network, sensitivity, resistance, resilience and other variables. The Questionnaire was designed to lay the foundation for hypothesis testing.
(5) The firsthand data from the large sample of statistical investigation was gathered. By employing statistical software for Common Method Variance detection, Reliability analysis and Validity analysis were conducted to ensure the quality of the statistics. SmartPLS2.0 software on the conceptual model for validation with PLS method was used. The results showed seventeen out
引文
[1]Clark W, Jaeger J, Corell R, Kasperson R, McCarthy J, Cash D, Cohen S, Desanker P, Dickson N, Epstein P. Assessing vulnerability to global environmental risks. Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs,2000.
[2]G.Roberts M,杨国安.可持续发展研究方法国际进展——脆弱性分析方法与可持续生计方法比较.地理科学进展,2003(01)：11-21.
[3]Chandrashekaran M, Rotte K, Tax S, Grewal R. Satisfaction strength and customer loyalty. Journal of Marketing Research,2007 (1):153-163.
[4]Lempert R, Groves D, Popper S, Bankes S. A general, analytic method for generating robust strategies and narrative scenarios. Management Science,2006 (4):514.
[5]Reid D, DeMartino R, Zyglidopoulos S. The internationalization journey of a high-tech cluster. Thunderbird International Business Review,2005 (5).
[6]Manuel-Navarrete D, Gomez J, Gallopin G. Syndromes of sustainability of development for assessing the vulnerability of coupled human-environmental systems. The case of hydrometeorological disasters in Central America and the Caribbean. Global Environmental Change,2007 (2):207-217.
[7]冯振环,赵国杰.区域经济发展的脆弱性及其评价体系研究——兼论脆弱性与可持续发展的关系.现代财经-天津财经学院学报,2005(10)：54-57.
[8]夏建新,杨若明.西部地区社会经济系统的脆弱性及生态风险评估方法.中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2003(04)：331-335.
[9]Dalum B, Pedersen C R, Villumsen G. Technological life cycles:regional clusters facing disruption. Aalborg Universitet Aalborg,2002.
[10]Tichy G. Clusters:less dispensable and more risky than ever. Clusters and regional specialisation, 1998:226-237.
[11]Fritz O, Mahringer H, Valderrama M. A risk-oriented analysis of regional clusters. Clusters and Regional Specialisation, Pion Ltd, London,1998:181-191.
[12]吴晓波,耿帅.区域集群自稔性风险成因分析.经济地理,2003(06)：726-730.
[13]朱瑞博.模块化抗产业集群内生性风险的机理分析.中国工业经济,2004(05)：54-60.
[14]蔡宁,杨闩柱,吴结兵.企业集群风险的研究：一个基于网络的视角.中国工业经济,2003(04)：59-64.
[15]仇保兴.中小企业撑起好大一片天一解读“集群与创业”.中国名牌,2001(12)：4-10.
[16]武春友,邓华,段宁.产业生态系统稳定性研究述评.中国人口·资源与环境,2005(05)：20-25.
[17]Cote R, Rosenthal C Eco-industrial-parks, International Society for Industrial Ecology, Ann Arbor Michigan:University of Michigan.Conference, June 29,2003.
[18]Zilahy G. Organisational factors determining the implementation of cleaner production measures in the corporate sector. Journal of Cleaner Production,2004 (4):311-319.
[19]Morehouse H.A Spatial Decision Support System for Environmentally Sustainable Communities. Clark University,2002.
[20]Hardy C, Graedel T. Industrial ecosystems as food webs. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2002 (1): 29-38.
[21]Heeres R, Vermeulen W, De Walle F. Eco-industrial park initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands: first lessons. Journal of Cleaner Production,2004 (8-10):985-995.
[22]Cohen M, Howard J. Success and its price:the institutionalization and political relevance of industrial ecology. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2006 (1-2):79-88.
[23]Ehrenfeld J. Would industrial ecology exist without sustainability in the background? Journal of Industrial Ecology,2007 (1):73-84.
[24]邓华.我国产业生态系统(IES)稳定性影响因素研究. 大连理工大学,2006.
[25]Burns T, Stalker G. The management of innovation. London:Tavistock Publications,1961.
[26]Hannan M. Ecologies of organizations:Diversity and identity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005(1):51-70.
[27]Ruef M. The Emergence of Organizational Forms:A Community Ecology Approach 1. ajs,2000 (3): 658-714.
[28]Ruef M. For whom the bell tolls:ecological perspectives on industrial decline and resurgence. Industrial and Corporate Change,2004 (1):61.
[29]Lomi A, Larsen E, Freeman J. Things change:dynamic resource constraints and system-dependent selection in the evolution of organizational populations. Management Science,2005 (6):882.
[30]蔡绍洪,汪劲松,徐和平,姚妟.区域企业群落向产业集群演化的自组织协同机制.经济问题探索,2007(03)：69-73.
[31]张米尔.资源型城市产业转型研究. 大连理工大学,2002.
[32]穆瑞田,李晓东.资源型产业如何走出困境一一关于组建资源型产业控股公司的建议.经济论坛,1999(15)：10-11.
[33]于立,孟韬,姜春海.资源枯竭型国有企业退出障碍与退出途径分析.中国工业经济,2003(10)：5-12.
[34]谢雄标,严良,程胜.我国资源型企业资源效率管理行为分析及政策建议.中国人口.资源与环境,2008(01)：207-211.
[35]杨伟民,秦志宏.资源型产业集群竞争优势的动态演变路径.内蒙古大学学报(人文.社会科学版),2005(04)：90-93.
[36]王锋正,郭晓川.资源型产业集群与内蒙古经济发展.工业技术经济,2007(01)：51-53.
[37]张连业,杜跃平.论我国资源型产业集群的升级与转型.陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(06)：88-94.
[38]王坤.资源型产业集群成长模式的研究. 内蒙古大学,2005.
[39]赵海东.资源型产业集群：概念与形成机理.广播电视大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(04)：90-93.
[40]王松涛.资源型产业集群可持续发展的动力学模型研究.中国海洋大学,2008.
[41]张会新.资源型产业集群的系统动力机制分析.生态经济(学术版),2009(01)：226-231.
[42]刘玉珂.资源型产业集群的影响因素与发展研究. 中国地质大学(北京),2009.
[43]田家华,邢相勤,曾伟,李金.IS014031标准在国有资源型企业环境绩效评价中的应用.中国行政管理,2009(11)：27-29.
[44]周芳.资源型企业可持续发展路径探析.生产力研究,2010(07)：200-202.
[45]敖宏,邓超.论循环经济模式下我国资源型企业的发展策略.管理世界,2009(04)：1-4+26.
[46]Padmore T, Gibson H. Modelling systems of innovation:Ⅱ. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions. Research Policy,1998 (6):625.
[47]田家华,邢相勤,曾伟,吕锋.基于GEM模型的资源型企业可持续发展障碍因素分析.中国行政管理,2008(03)：68-71.
[48]魏江,申军.传统产业集群创新系统的结构和运行模式——以温州低压电器业集群为例.科学学与科学技术管理,2003(01)：16-19.
[49]张东风.基于复杂性理论的企业集群成长与创新系统研究. 天津大学,2005.
[50]张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究. 西北农林科技大学,2007.
[51]Knoke D, Kuklinski J. Network analysis. Sage,1996.
[52]Kamann D, Strijker D. The Network Approach:Concepts and Applications'. Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives, London, New York,1991:145-173.
[53]Hakansson H. Industrial technological development:A network approach. Law Book Co of Australasia,1987.
[54]额尔灯敖其尔.资源型产业集群发展中的政府职能动态定位研究. 浙江大学,2009.
[55]Benneworth P, Hospers G-J. The new economic geography of old industrial regions:universities as global-local pipelines. Environment & Planning C:Government & Policy,2007 (6):779-802.
[56]王缉慈.创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展.北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[57]姜照华,隆连堂,张米尔.产业集群条件下知识供应链与知识网络的动力学模型探讨.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(07)：57-62.
[58]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群的网络式创新能力及其集体学习机制.科研管理,2005(04)：24-30+23.
[59]王娟.网络关系对产业集群企业抗风险能力的影响研究. 南京航空航天大学,2008.
[60]方世敏,廖珍杰.长株潭旅游景区群落结构优化研究.城市问题,2008(07)：27-31.
[61]Timmerman P. Vulnerability, resilience and the collapse of society. Environmental Monograph, 1981.
[62]Scorer R S. Climate Impact Assessment—Studies of Climate and Society. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1986 (471):291-291.
[63]Turner B, Kasperson R, Matson P, McCarthy J, Corell R, Christensen L, Eckley N, Kasperson J, Luers A, Martello M. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2003 (14):8074-8079.
[64]Gabor T, Griffith T. The assessment of community vulnerability to acute hazardous materials incidents* 1. Journal of Hazardous Materials,1980 (4):323-333.
[65]Susman W. Culture as history:The transformation of American society in the twentieth century. Pantheon,1984.
[66]Mitchell J, Devine N, Jagger K. A contextual model of natural hazard. Geographical Review,1989 (4):391-409.
[67]Cutter S. Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Progress in Human Geography,1996 (4):529.
[68]Bohle H, Downing T, Watts M. Climate change and social vulnerability::Toward a sociology and geography of food insecurity. Global Environmental Change,1994 (1):37-48.
[69]Kochunov B,李国栋.脆弱生态的概念及分类.地理译报,1993(1)：36-43.
[70]Neil Adger W. Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development,1999 (2):249-269.
[71]Adger W. Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition in Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2000 (4):738-758.
[72]Adger W N. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change,2006 (3):268-281.
[73]Dow K. Exploring differences in our common future (s):the meaning of vulnerability to global environmental change. Geoforum,1992 (3):417-436.
[74]Blaikie P. At risk:natural hazards, people's vulnerability, and disasters. Routledge,1994.
[75]刘燕华,李秀彬.脆弱生态环境与可持续发展.北京：商务印书馆,2001.
[76]王凤慧.生态环境脆弱地区自然景观的人为退化及人地系统合理调控的对策一一以晋陕蒙长城沿线地区为例.干旱区资源与环境,1989(03)：21-27.
[77]王小丹,钟洋浩.生态环境脆弱性概念的若干问题探讨.山地学报,2003(S1)：21-25.
[78]唐国平,李秀彬,Fischer G, Prieler S.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响.地理学报,2000(02)：129-138.
[79]冉圣宏,毛显强.典型脆弱生态区的稳定性与可持续农业发展.中国人口.资源与环境,2000(02)：70-72.
[80]蔡运龙.全球气候变化下中国农业的脆弱性与适应对策.地理学报,1996(03)：202-212.
[81]李克让,陈育峰.全球气候变化影响下中国森林的脆弱性分析.地理学报,1996(S1)：40-49.
[82]朱震达.土地荒漠化问题研究现状与展望.地理研究,1994(01)：104-113.
[83]孙武,侯玉,张勃.生态脆弱带波动性、人口压力、脆弱度之间的关系.生态学报,2000(03)：369-373.
[84]赵跃龙,刘燕华.脆弱生态环境与工业化的关系.经济地理,1996(02)：86-90.
[85]赵跃龙,刘燕华.中国脆弱生态环境分布及其与贫困的关系.人文地理,1996(02)：5-11+72.
[86]Brooks N. Vulnerability, risk and adaptation:A conceptual framework. Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia,2003:1-20.
[87]李鹤,张平宇,程叶青.脆弱性的概念及其评价方法.地理科学进展,2008(2)：18-25.
[88]Janssen M, Schoon M, Ke W, Borner K. Scholarly networks on resilience, vulnerability and adaptation within the human dimensions of global environmental change. Global Environmental Change,2006 (3):240-252.
[89]MCFADDEN L. Vulnerability analysis in environmental management:widening and deepening its approach. Environmental Conservation,2007 (03):195-204.
[90]苏飞,张平宇.石油城市经济系统脆弱性评价——以大庆市为例.自然资源学报,2009(07)：1267-1274.
[91]樊宏烨.企业脆弱性机理研究. 武汉理工大学,2008.
[92]那伟.辽源市人地系统脆弱性与可持续发展研究. 东北师范大学,2008.
[93]孟艳玲.煤炭城市人地系统脆弱性发生机制研究. 东北师范大学,2008.
[94]田红娜.中国资源型城市创新体系营建.北京：经济科学出版社,2009.
[95]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群与区域经济发展——基于“资源-结构”观的分析.北京：科学出版社.2007.
[96]周海涛,郑海涛,张墨琴.产业集群中的政府行为研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(02)：49-53+86.
[97]Powell W, Koput K, Smith-Doerr L. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly,1996 (1):116-145.
[98]Zimmerman M, Zeitz G. Beyond survival:Achieving new venture growth by building legitimacy. Academy of Management Review,2002 (3):414-431.
[99]Miner A, Amburgey T, Stearns T. Interorganizational linkages and population dynamics:buffering and transformational shields. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990 (4):689-713.
[100]Lipparini A, Sobrero M. The glue and the pieces:entrepreneurship and innovation in small-firm networks. Journal of Business Venturing,1994 (2):125-140.
[101]Ostgaard T, Birley S. New venture growth and personal networks. Journal of Business Research, 1996 (1):37-50.
[102]Zaheer A, Bell G. Benefiting from network position:firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance. Strategic Management Journal,2005 (9):809.
[103]Collinson S, Wilson D C. Inertia in Japanese Organizations:Knowledge Management Routines and Failure to Innovate. Organization Studies (01708406),2006 (9):1359-3187.
[104]Gargiulo M, Benassi M. Trapped in your own net? Network cohesion, structural holes, and the adaptation of social capital. Organization Science,2000 (2):183-196.
[105]Burt R S. Structural holes:The social structure of competition. Cambridge:Harvard,1992.
[106]Uzzi B. Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks:The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (1):37-69.
[107]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群组织间关系密集性的社会网络分析.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(04)：60-67.
[108]Burt R. The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (2): 339-365.
[109]Podolny J, Baron J. Resources and relationships:Social networks and mobility in the workplace. American Sociological Review,1997 (5):673-693.
[110]Gulati R, Westphal J. Cooperative or controlling? The effects of CEO-board relations and the content of interlocks on the formation of joint ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly,1999 (3).
[111]朱海燕,魏江.集群网络结构演化分析——基于知识密集型服务机构嵌入的视角.中国工业经济,2009(10)：58-66.
[112]Hakansson H, Ford D. How should companies interact in business networks? Journal of Business Research,2002 (2):133-139.
[113]Tai-Young K, Hongseok O, Swaminathan A. FRAMING INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK CHANGE:A NETWORK INERTIA PERSPECTIVE. Academy of Management Review,2006 (3):704-720.
[114]邹仲海.中小企业集群的优势和风险研究. 山东大学,2005.
[115]Harrison B. Industrial districts:old wine in new bottles? Regional Studies,1992 (5):469-483.
[116]梁孟荣.基于社会网络结构的产业集群技术创新研究. 南京航空航天大学,2007.
[117]Johannisson B, Ramirez-Pasillas M.Networking for Entrepreneurship:Building a topography model of human, social and cultural capital, Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference,2001.
[118]Hacklin F, Inganas M, Marxt C, Pluss A. Core rigidities in the innovation process:a structured benchmark on knowledge management challenges. International Journal of Technology Management,2009 (1/2):244-266.
[119]朱文晶,程华.资产专用视角下的技术刚性形成机理及其克服.技术经济与管理研究,2009(04)：33-35.
[120]White H. Where do markets come from? Advances in Strategic Management,1981 (2):323-350.
[121]符正平.论企业集群的产生条件与形成机制.中国工业经济,2002(10)：20-26.
[122]那伟,刘继生.矿业城市人地系统的脆弱性及其评价体系.城市问题,2007(07)：4348.
[123]Bain J. Industrial organization. John Wiley & Sons,1968.
[124]魏守华,石碧华.论企业集群的竞争优势.中国工业经济,2002(01)：59-65.
[125]Ahrend R, de Rosa D, Tompson W. RUSSIAN MANUFACTURING AND THE THREAT OF 'DUTCH DISEASE'A COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS DEVELOPMENTS IN RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN INDUSTRY. Le secteur manufacturier russe et la menace du《 syndrome neerlandais》 Comparaison du developpement de la competitivite des industries russe et ukrainienne.,2007(1):1-57.
[126]Siegle J. Governance strategies to remedy the natural resource curse. International Social Science Journal,2005:45-55.
[127]Krainer R E. RESOURCE ENDOWMENT AND THE STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT. Journal of Finance,1967 (1):49-57.
[128]Bond S R, Malik A. Natural resources, export structure, and investment. Oxford Economic Papers, 2009 (4):675-702.
[129]Lall S, United Nations Children's Fund F. Education, Skills and Industrial Development in the Structural Transformation of Africa. Innocenti Occasional Papers Number 3. Special Subseries: Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa.1990.
[130]张复明.资源型经济：理论解释、内在机制与应用研究.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[131]Pierce B D, White R E. Resource context contestability and emergent social structure:an empirical investigation of an evolutionary theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2006 (2):221-239.
[132]Sorenson O. Social Networks, Informational Complexity and Industrial Geography*. The Role of Labour Mobility and Informal Networks for Knowledge Transfer,2005:79-96.
[133]Elbaum B. The Steel Industry before World War I'. The Decline of the British Economy:An Institutional Perspective,1986:51.
[134]Staber U. Spatial proximity and firm survival in a declining industrial district:the case of knitwear firms in Baden-W1 rttemberg. Regional Studies,2001 (4):329-341.
[135]He C, Zhu S. Economic Transition and Industrial Restructuring in China:Structural Convergence or Divergence? Post-Communist Economies,2007 (3):317-342.
[136]He C-f, Zhu S-j. Industrial agglomeration and labour productivity in transition:an empirical study of Chinese manufacturing industries. Post-Communist Economies,2009 (1):103-115.
[137]Sarkar B, Guin K K. Downsizing through technology management and outsourcing:a case study of a captive coal-mining organisation in India under globalisation. International Journal of Global Energy Issues,2003 (4):387.
[138]刘益,李恒,汪应洛.柔性战略的理论、分析方法及其应用.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[139]Stiglitz J E, Dasgupta P. MARKET STRUCTURE AND RESOURCE EXTRACTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1981 (2):318.
[140]Rotheli T F. Expectations About Change in Market Structure and Natural Resource Extraction. Journal of Economics,1995 (2):203-214.
[141]Chatterton P.'Be Realistic:Demand the Impossible'. Moving Towards'Strong'Sustainable Development in an Old Industrial Region? Regional Studies,2002 (5):552-561.
[142]Gasidlo K, Stein M. Spatial restructuring of old industrial areas:Polish and former East German experiences. European Planning Studies,1995 (3):397.
[143]Woolcock M, Pritchett L, Isham J. The social foundations of poor economic growth in resource-rich countries. Resource abundance and economic development,2001:76-92.
[144]Hsien-Che L, Yi-Chia C, Horng-Der L. Innovation capacity comparison of China's information technology industrial clusters: The case of Shanghai, Kunshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,2005 (3):293-315.
[145]Sakakibara M, Porter M. Competing at home to win abroad:evidence from Japanese industry. Review of Economics and Statistics,2001 (2):310-322.
[146]Feldman M, Florida R. The geographic sources of innovation:technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1994 (2):210-229.
[147]Tambunan T. The Role of Government in Technology Transfer to SME Clusters in Indonesia: Micro-level Evidence from the Metalworking Industry Cluster in Tegal (Central Java). Asian Journal of Social Science,2008 (2):321-349.
[148]Lorenzoni G, Baden-Fuller C. Creating a Strategic Center to Manage a Web of Partners. California Management Review,1995 (3):146-163.
[149]Saperstein J, Rouach D. Creating regional wealth in the innovation economy:models, perspectives, and best practices. Prentice Hall,2002.
[150]Leonard-Barton D. Core capabilities and core rigidities:A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,1992 (S1):111-125.
[151]Baum J, Mezias S. Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry,1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992 (4):580-604.
[152]李中东,王发明.企业集群风险分析：基于产业生态的视角.科学学研究,2009(02)：214-219.
[153]李庆华,汤薇,孙虹.产业集群的“超稳定结构”及其突破研究.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005(02)：34-39.
[154]Elton C. The ecology of invasions by plants and animals. London:Chapman and Hall,1958.
[155]McNaughton S. Diversity and stability of ecological communities:a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology. The American Naturalist,1977 (979):515.
[156]Naeem S, Li S. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature,1997 (6659):507-509.
[157]Tilman D, Downing J. Diversity and stability in grasslands. Nature,1994:363-365.
[158]Tilman D. Causes, consequences and ethics of biodiversity. Nature,2000 (6783):208-211.
[159]Desrochers P. Eco-Industrial Parks. The Case for Private Planning,2000:1-34.
[160]C6te R, Cohen-Rosenthal E. Designing eco-industrial parks:a synthesis of some experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production,1998 (3-4):181-188.
[161]Cooper M, Ellram L. Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy. The International Journal of Logistics Management,1993 (2): 13-24.
[162]Sivadas E, Dwyer F. An examination of organizational factors influencing new product success in internal and alliance-based processes. The Journal of Marketing,2000 (1):31-49.
[163]Rycroft R W, Kash D E. Path Dependence in the Innovation of Complex Technologies. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,2002 (1):21-35.
[164]Takayama M, Watanabe C, Griffy-Brown C. Remaining innovative without sacrificing stability:an analysis of strategies in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry that enable firms to overcome inertia resulting from successful market penetration of new product development. Technovation,2002 (12):747.
[165]Grabher G, Ibert O. Bad company? The ambiguity of personal knowledge networks. Journal of Economic Geography,2006 (3):251.
[166]Keeble D, Wilkinson F. Collective learning and knowledge development in the evolution of regional clusters of high technology SMEs in Europe. Regional Studies,1999 (4):295-303.
[167]Stewart W, Roth P. Data quality affects meta-analytic conclusions:A response to Miner and Raju (2004) concerning entrepreneurial risk propensity. Journal of Applied Psychology,2004 (1):14-21.
[168]Shaver J, Flyer F. Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal,2000 (12):1175-1193.
[169]Abrahamson E, Fombrun C. Macrocultures:Determinants and consequences. Academy of Management Review,1994 (4):728-755.
[170]Belussi F, Arcangeli F. A typology of networks:flexible and evolutionary firms. Research Policy, 1998 (4):415-430.
[171]Cooke P. Global bioregions:knowledge domains, capabilities and innovation system networks. Industry & Innovation,2006 (4):437-458.
[172]Visser E, Boschma R. Learning in districts:novelty and lock-in in a regional context. European Planning Studies,2004 (6):793-808.
[173]Eriksson R, Lindgren U, Malmberg G. Agglomeration mobility:effects of localisation, urbanisation, and scale on job changes. Environment & Planning A,2008 (10):2419-2434.
[174]Arthur W. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The economic journal,1989 (394):116-131.
[175]Amiti M. New trade theories and industrial location in the EU:a survey of evidence. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,1998 (2):45.
[176]Levinthal D:Three faces of organizational learning:Wisdom, inertia, and discovery, Garud R, Nayyar P R, Shapira Z B, editor, Technological innovation:Oversights and foresights., New York, NY US:Cambridge University Press,1997:167-180.
[177]Lundvall B. Innovation as an interactive process:from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation. Technical change and economic theory,1988:349-369.
[178]Scott P. Path dependence, fragmented property rights and the slow diffusion of high throughput technologies in inter-war British coal mining. Business History,2006 (1):20-42.
[179]Arrow K. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention.1962,1962.
[180]刘巨钦.论资源与企业集群的竞争优势.管理世界,2007(01)：164-165.
[181]朱方文.基于共享性资源刚性的集群企业风险成因分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(12)：157-161.
[182]黄建康.产业集群竞争优势刚性及其超越路径.经济问题探索,2004(08)：68-70.
[183]Ahokangas P, Hyry M, Rasanen P. Small technology-based firms in fast-growing regional cluster. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship,1999 (1):14-25.
[184]Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Advances in Strategic Management, 2000 (1):203-227.
[185]Peteraf M. The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal,1993(3):179-191.
[186]Rugman A, D'Cruz J. Multinationals as flagship firms:Regional business networks. Oxford University Press, USA,2000.
[187]Williamson O E. Comparative Economic Organization:The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly,1991 (2):269-296.
[188]Barham B L, Chavas J-P, Coomes O T. Sunk Costs and the Natural Resource Extraction Sector: Analytical Models and Historical Examples of Hysteresis and Strategic Behavior in the Americas. Land Economics,1998 (4):429-448.
[189]姚先国,温伟祥,任洲麒.企业集群环境下的公司创业研究——网络资源与创业导向对集群企业绩效的影响.中国工业经济,2008(03)：84-92.
[190]Tallman S, Jenkins M, Henry N, Pinch S. Knowledge, clusters, and competitive advantage. The Academy of Management Review,2004 (2):258-271.
[191]Lui S S, Wong Y-y, Liu W. Asset specificity roles in interfirm cooperation:Reducing opportunistic behavior or increasing cooperative behavior? Journal of Business Research,2009 (11):1214-1219.
[192]Reddy S B. STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ASSET SPECIFICITY. Advances in Competitiveness Research,2006(1):16-43.
[193]Walker G, Kogut B, Shan W:Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network, Eric L L, editor, Knowledge and Social Capital, Boston:Butterworth-Heinemann,2000: 225-254.
[194]Mayer K J, Bercovitz J. The influence of inertia on contract design:contingency planning in information technology service contracts. Managerial & Decision Economics,2008 (2/3):149-163.
[195]Hodson M. Old industrial regions, technology, and innovation:tensions of obduracy and transformation. Environment & Planning A,2008 (5):1057-1075.
[196]符正平,曾素英.集群产业转移中的转移模式与行动特征——基于企业社会网络视角的分析.管理世界,2008(12)：83-92.
[197]Markusen A. Sticky places in slippery space:a typology of industrial districts. Economic Geography,1996 (3):293-313.
[198]杨玉兵,胡汉辉.网络结构与知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理,2008(02)：123-127.
[199]Saltiel J, Woelfel J. Inertia in Cognitive Processes:The Role of Accumulated Information in Attitude Change. Human Communication Research,1975.
[200]Charman-Anderson S. Cultural inertia is the biggest bar to technology adoption. Computer Weekly, 2010:20-20.
[201]Goode A, Stretton A. The future for coal mining in Poland. Coal International,1997 (4):164.
[202]Hodgkinson G P. COGNITIVE INERTIA IN A TURBULENT MARKET:THE CASE OF UK RESIDENTIAL ESTATE AGENTS. Journal of Management Studies,1997 (6):921-945.
[203]Grabher G. The weakness of strong ties:the lock-in of regional development in the Ruhr area. The embedded firm:On the socioeconomics of industrial networks,1993:255-277.
[204]曹丽莉.产业集群网络结构的比较研究.中国工业经济,2008(08)：145-154.
[205]Lazerson M H, Lorenzoni G. The firms that feed industrial districts:A return to the Italian source. Industrial & Corporate Change,1999 (2):235.
[206]郑师章,吴千红,王海波,陶芸.普通生态学——原理、方法和应用.上海：复旦大学出版社,1994.
[207]李志刚,汤书昆,梁晓艳,赵林捷.产业集群网络结构与企业创新绩效关系研究.科学学研究,2007(04)：777-782.
[208]刘友金,罗发友.基于焦点企业成长的集群演进机理研究——以长沙工程机械集群为例.管理世界,2005(10)：159-161.
[209]Kauffman S. At home in the universe:The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. Oxford University Press, USA,1995.
[210]Stacey R. Complexity and creativity in organizations. San Francisco,1996.
[211]Frishammar J, Horte S A. Managing External Information in Manufacturing Firms:The Impact on Innovation Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2005 (3):251-266.
[212]Green K W, Whitten D, Inman R A. The impact of timely information on organisational performance in a supply chain. Production Planning & Control,2007 (4):274-282.
[213]Gupta P, Mukerjee D, Singh D. Scope of information technology in coal mining industry in India in perspective of Vision 2025:suggested ways and means. Mining Technology:Transactions of the Institute of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A,2008 (1):42-47.
[214]Costanza R, Norton B, Haskell B. Ecosystem health:new goals for environmental management. Island Press,1992.
[215]Mageau M, Costanza R, Ulanowicz R. The development and initial testing of a quantitative assessment of ecosystem health. Ecosystem Health,1995 (4):201-213.
[216]Steiner M, Posch U. Problems of structural adaptation in old industrial areas:a factor-analytical approach. Environment & Planning,1985 (8):1127.
[217]吴晓波,耿帅,徐松屹.基于共享性资源的集群企业竞争优势分析.研究与发展管理,2004(4)：1-7.
[218]Adger W N. Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development,1999 (2):249-269.
[219]Todtling F, Trippl M. Like phoenix from the ashes? The renewal of clusters in old industrial areas. Urban Studies (Routledge),2004 (5/6):1175-1195.
[220]McCann K, Hastings A, Harrison S, Wilson W. Population outbreaks in a discrete world. Theoretical Population Biology,2000 (2):97-108.
[221]Loury G. The optimal exploitation of an unknown reserve. The Review of Economic Studies,1978 (3):621-636.
[222]Li Y, Tang F, Guan X. On Appraisal Index System and Method of The Innovation Ability of Resource-based City. International Journal of Business and Management,2009 (6):145.
[223]Ahrend R. Sustaining growth in a resource-based economy:the main issues and the specific case of Russia. United Nations Publications,2005.
[224]Yudelman D. Mining technology:scratching the surface. Canadian Mining Journal,2006:5-5.
[225]Dasgupta P, Heal G. The optimal depletion of exhaustible resources. The Review of Economic Studies,1974:3-28.
[226]Pindyck R. Uncertainty and exhaustible resource markets. The Journal of Political Economy,1980: 1203-1225.
[227]Pagell M, Krause D R. A multiple-method study of environmental uncertainty and manufacturing flexibility. Journal of Operations Management,1999 (3):307-325.
[228]吴伟,陈功玉,陈明义,肖辉.生态工业系统的综合评价.科学学与科学技术管理,2002(1)：72-75.
[229]黄鸥,陈森发,周振国,亓霞.生态工业园综合评价研究.科研管理,2004(6)：92-95+69.
[230]Glauser S, McAllister M L, Milioli G. The challenges of sustainability in mining regions:The coal mining region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Natural Resources Forum,2005 (1):1-11.
[231]Bykov A. Natural Resource Management Regional Policy in the Far North. Problems of Economic Transition,2005 (11):7-17.
[232]Baeten G, Swyngedouw E, Albrechts L. Politics, Institutions and Regional Restructuring Processes: From Managed Growth to Planned Fragmentation in the Reconversion of Belgium's Last Coal Mining Region. Regional Studies,1999 (3):247-258.
[233]Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu Y. The Problems in Sustainable Development of Resource Orientated City and Countermeasures. International Journal of Business and Management,2009 (6):P128.
[234]lap S, Karslioglu M O, Demirel N. Development of a GIS-based monitoring and management system for underground coal mining safety. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009 (2): 105-112.
[235]吴勤堂.产业集群与区域经济发展耦合机理分析.管理世界,2004(02)：133-134+136.
[236]Davison R. Optimal depletion of an exhaustible resource with research and development towards an alternative technology. The Review of Economic Studies,1978 (2):355-367.
[237]Sagar A D, van der Zwaan B. Technological innovation in the energy sector:R&D, deployment, and learning-by-doing. Energy Policy,2006 (17):2601-2608.
[238]Schroster H G. STRATEGIC R&D AS AN ANSWER TO THE OIL CRISIS. WEST AND EAST GERMAN INVESTMENT IN COAL REFINEMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, 1970-1990. History & Technology,2000 (4):383.
[239]苏敬勤,刁晓纯.产业生态网络研究.大连：大连理工大学出版社,2009.
[240]Das T, Teng B. Resource and risk management in the strategic alliance making process. Journal of Management,1998 (1):21.
[241]Lyles M, Reger R. MANAGING FOR AUTONOMY IN JOINT VENTURES:A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF UPWARD INFLUENCE. Journal of Management Studies,1993 (3):383-404.
[242]贾若祥,刘毅,侯晓丽.企业合作模式及其对区域经济发展的影响一一以江苏省通州市企业为例.地理研究,2005(04)：641-651.
[243]陶青,仲伟俊.合作伙伴关系中合作程度对其收益的影响研究.管理工程学报,2002(01)：66-69+1.
[244]Cagliano R, Chiesa V, Manzini R. Differences and similarities in managing technological collaborations in research, development and manufacturing:a case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2000 (2):193-224.
[245]Batjargal B. Social capital and entrepreneurial performance in Russia:A longitudinal study. Organization Studies,2003 (4):535.
[246]王晓娟.知识网络与集群企业竞争优势研究.浙江大学,2007.
[247]彭新敏.企业网络对技术创新绩效的作用机制研究：利用性-探索性学习的中介效应.浙江大学.2009.
[248]Forsyth D J C, McBain N S, Solomon R F. Technical Rigidity and Appropriate Technology in Less Developed Countries. World Development,1980 (5/6):371-398.
[249]曾蓓,崔焕金.企业技术能力刚性的产生及其超越.山东经济,2007(06)：53-56.
[250]曹兴,谭滔,李玲.企业知识状态的刚性特征及其克服的微观机制分析.软科学,2008(03)：124-127.
[251]Alp N, Alp B, Omurtag Y. Technology acquisition and utilization model (TAUM). Computers & Industrial Engineering,1997 (3/4):7.
[252]Jones G K, Lanctot Jr A. DETERMINANTS AND PERFORMANCE IMPACTS OF EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION. Journal of Business Venturing,2001 (3):255.
[253]Lambe C J, Spekman R E. Alliances, External Technology Acquisition, and Discontinuous Technological Change. Journal of Product Innovation Management,1997 (2):102-116.
[254]Cho D-H, Yu P-I. Influential factors in the choice of technology acquisition mode:an empirical analysis of small and medium size firms in the Korean telecommunication industry. Technovation, 2000(12):691-704.
[255]Ford D. Develop Your Technology Strategy. Long Range Planning,1988 (5):85-95.
[256]负晓哲,谢群.试论企业技术网络的构建.生产力研究,2003(05)：274-275.
[257]Dodgson M. Technology Learning, Technology Strategy and Competitive Pressures. British Journal of Management,1991 (3):133.
[258]王大洲.企业创新网络：进化与治理.北京：知识产权出版社,2006.
[259]Hansen M, Mors M, Lovas B. Knowledge sharing in organizations:Multiple networks, multiple phases. Academy of Management Journal,2005 (5):776-794.
[260]王文平,谈正达,陈娟.自主内生型产业集群中知识共享与创新资源投入关系研究.中国软科学,2007(06)：49-54.
[261]林海波.现代服务业产业集群创新网络知识共享与绩效关系的研究.浙江大学,2008.
[262]朱浩义.集群网络结构对集群网络功能的影响研究.浙江大学,2006.
[263]Standifird S S. Conceptual Bonds:Network Analysis as a Way of Understanding Institutional Rigidity. Emergence,2001 (3):7-21.
[264]Zucker L. Organizations as institutions. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1983 (1): 1-47.
[265]张敏,陈传明.企业文化刚性的组织生命周期模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2006(02)：150-155.
[266]Weick K, Quinn R. Organizational change and development. Annual review of psychology,1999 (1):361-386.
[267]陈传明,张敏.企业文化的刚性特征：分析与测度.管理世界,2005(06)：101-106+172.
[268]Freeman L. Centrality in Social Networks Conceptual Clarification. Social Networks,1979: 215-239.
[269]罗家德.社会网分析讲义.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[270]Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. The Academy of Management Journal,2001 (5):996-1004.
[271]嵇登科.企业网络对企业技术创新绩效的影响研究浙江大学,2006.
[272]邬爱其.集群企业网络化成长机制研究.浙江大学,2005.
[273]李文博,郑文哲,刘爽.产业集群中知识网络结构的测量研究.科学学研究,2008(04)：119-124.
[274]Marsden P, Campbell K. Measuring tie strength. Social Forces,1984 (2):483-501.
[275]McEvily B, Zaheer A. Bridging ties:A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal,1999(12):1133-1156.
[276]Granovetter M. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology,1973 (6):1360-1380.
[277]Burt R. The social structure of competition. Explorations in economic sociology,1993:65-103.
[278]Kraatz M. Learning by association? Interorganizational networks and adaptation to environmental change. The Academy of Management Journal,1998 (6):621-643.
[279]Capaldo A. Network structure and innovation:the leveraging of a dual network as a distinctive relational capability. Strategic Management Journal,2007 (6):585.
[280]Teece D, Pisano G, Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,1997 (7):509-533.
[281]Fiorito S, Giunipero L, Yan H. Retail buyers'perceptions of quick response systems. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,1998 (6):237-246.
[282]Blackburn J. The quick-response movement in the apparel industry:a case study in time-compressing supply chains. Time-Based Competition, Business One Irwin, New York, NY, 1991:246-69.
[283]Bettis R, Hitt M. The new competitive landscape. Strategic Management Journal,1995:7-19.
[284]李文华,韩福荣.企业种群间协同演化的规律与实证研究.中国管理科学,2004(05)：137-143.
[285]张东风.基于复杂性理论的企业集群成长与创新系统研究.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[286]Volberda H. Building the flexible firm:How to remain competitive. Oxford University Press, USA, 1999.
[287]Eppink D.Managing the unforeseen:a study of flexibility. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.,1978.
[288]Sanchez R. Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal,1995: 135-159.
[289]Corbett C, Van Wassenhove L. Trade-offs? What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing strategy. California Management Review,1993:107-107.
[290]Stalk G, Evans P, LE e S. Competing on Capabilities:The New Rules of Corporate Strategy. Harvard business review,1992.
[291]Barney J. Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management,1991 (1): 99-120.
[292]Tsourveloudis N, Phillis Y. Manufacturing flexibility measurement:A fuzzy logic framework. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1998 (4):513-524.
[293]Parker R P, Wirth A. Manufacturing flexibility:Measures and relationships. European Journal of Operational Research,1999 (3):429-449.
[294]Koste L L, Malhotra M K. A theoretical framework for analyzing the dimensions of manufacturing flexibility. Journal of Operations Management,1999 (1):75-93.
[295]D'Aveni R, Gunther R. Hypercompetition. Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. Das Summa Summarum des Management,2007:83-93.
[296]Hyun J, Ahn B. A Unifying Framework for Manufacturing Flexibility. Manufacturing Review, 1992 (4):251-259.
[297]斐迪南多·维拉,海伦娜·麦克里奥德,蔡可.环境规划和决策的环境脆弱性指标(上)一一原则与应用.国外社会科学文摘,2002(07)：75-78.
[298]Gustavsson L, Laestadius S. From Grounded Skills to Creativity:On the Transformation of Mining Regions in the Knowledge Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations,2006 (5):619-631.
[299]Saxenian A. Regional advantage:Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press,1996.
[300]Maillat D. Interactions between urban systems and localized productive systems:an approach to endogenous regional development in terms of innovative milieu. European Planning Studies,1998 (2):117-129.
[301]Bergman E, Maier G, Todtling F. Regions reconsidered:economic networks, innovation, and local development in industrialized countries. London:Mansell publishing,1991.
[302]Hagedoorn J, Cloodt M. Measuring innovative performance:is there an advantage in using multiple indicators? Research Policy,2003 (8):1365-1379.
[303]Arundel A, Kabla I. What percentage of innovations are patented? Empirical estimates for European firms. Research Policy,1998 (2):127-141.
[304]Ahuja G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation:A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000:425-455.
[305]Ming-Huei C. Entrepreneurial Leadership and New Ventures:Creativity in Entrepreneurial Teams. Creativity & Innovation Management,2007 (3):239-249.
[306]Honjo Y. Growth of new start-up firms:evidence from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Applied Economics Letters,2004 (1):21-32.
[307]Iansiti M, Richards G L. The information technology ecosystem:Structure, health, and performance. Antitrust Bulletin,2006 (1):77-110.
[308]Hayton J C. Competing in the new economy:the effect of intellectual capital on corporate entrepreneurship in high-technology new ventures. R&D Management,2005 (2):137-155.
[309]王建军,丁琳.区域经济脆弱性评价研究.新西部(下半月),2007(01)：6+10.
[310]赵国杰,张炜熙.区域经济社会脆弱性研究——以河北省为例.上海经济研究,2006(01)：65-69+96.
[311]Meadows D, Meadows D, Randers J, Behrens W. The limits to growth. Universe Books New York, 1972.
[312]Sachs J, Warner A. Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER,1995.
[313]Suocheng D, Zehong L, Bin L, Mei X. Problems and Strategies of Industrial Transformation of China's Resource-based Cities. China Population, Resources and Environment,2007 (5):12-17.
[314]Isham J, Woolcock M, Pritchett L, Busby G. The Varieties of Resource Experience:Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth. World Bank Economic Review,2005 (2):141-174.
[315]Danson M. Old Industrial Regions and Employability. Urban Studies (Routledge),2005 (2): 285-300.
[316]Boomsma A, Hoogland J. The robustness of LISREL modeling revisited. Structural equation modeling:Present and future,2001:139-168.
[317]荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2009.
[318]Gefen D, Straub D. A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph:Tutorial and annotated example. Communications of the Association for Information Systems 2005 (16):109.
[319]Barclay D, Higgins C, Thompson R. The partial least square(PLS) approach to casual modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology,1995 (2):285-309.
[320]张玉利,李乾文.创业导向、公司创业与价值创造.天津：南开大学出版社,2009.
[321]Podsakoff P, Organ D. Self-reports in organizational research:Problems and prospects. Journal of management,1986 (4):531-544.
[322]Malhotra N. Validity and structural reliability of multidimensional scaling. Journal of Marketing Research,1987(2):164-173.
[323]Bock G, Zmud R, Kim Y, Lee J. Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing:Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. Mis Quarterly,2005(1):87-111.
[324]Bock G, Kim Y. Breaking the myths of rewards:An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Information Resources Management Journal,2002 (2):14-21.
[325]Boudreau M, Gefen D, Straub D. Validation in information systems research:A state-of-the-art assessment. Mis Quarterly,2001 (1):1-16.
[326]马庆国.管理统计-数据获取、统计原理与SPSS工具与应用研究.北京：科学出版社.2002.
[327]黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用.北京：中国税务出版社,2005.
[328]Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R, Tatham R. Multivariate data analysis. Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ,1998.
[329]Carmines E, Zeller R. Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Publications, Inc,1979.
[330]陈华,徐莉.高科技企业克服技术创新核心刚性的对策研究.科技进步与对策,2006(08)：90-92.
[331]Levinthal D A, March J G. THE MYOPIA OF LEARNING. Strategic Management Journal,1993: 95-112.
[332]March J. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science,1991 (1): 71-87.
[333]Dosi G. Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature,1988:1120-1171.
[334]De la Vega-Leinert A, Schroter D, Leemans R, Fritsch U, Pluimers J. A stakeholder dialogue on European vulnerability. Regional Environmental Change,2008 (3):109-124.
[335]Adrianto L, Matsuda Y. Developing economic vulnerability indices of environmental disasters in small island regions. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2002 (4):393-414.
[336]de Oliveira Mendes J M. Social vulnerability indexes as planning tools:beyond the preparedness paradigm. Journal of Risk Research,2009 (1):43-58.
[337]Asbjornslett B E, Rausand M. Assess the vulnerability of your production system. Production Planning & Control,1999 (3):219-229.
[338]Saaty T. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences,2008(1):83-98.
[339]Ericsson M, Noras P. A Note on Minerals-based Sustainable Development:One Viable Alternative. Minerals & Energy,2005 (1):29-39.
[340]张青,慕国庆,颜昌军.资源耗竭型企业分类退出模式选择问题研究——以煤矿企业为例.管理世界,2003(10)：147-148.
[341]Guerin T F. A Survey of Sustainable Development Initiatives in the Australian Mining and Minerals Industry. Minerals & Energy,2006 (3/4):11-44.
[2]G.Roberts M,杨国安.可持续发展研究方法国际进展——脆弱性分析方法与可持续生计方法比较.地理科学进展,2003(01)：11-21.
[3]Chandrashekaran M, Rotte K, Tax S, Grewal R. Satisfaction strength and customer loyalty. Journal of Marketing Research,2007 (1):153-163.
[4]Lempert R, Groves D, Popper S, Bankes S. A general, analytic method for generating robust strategies and narrative scenarios. Management Science,2006 (4):514.
[5]Reid D, DeMartino R, Zyglidopoulos S. The internationalization journey of a high-tech cluster. Thunderbird International Business Review,2005 (5).
[6]Manuel-Navarrete D, Gomez J, Gallopin G. Syndromes of sustainability of development for assessing the vulnerability of coupled human-environmental systems. The case of hydrometeorological disasters in Central America and the Caribbean. Global Environmental Change,2007 (2):207-217.
[7]冯振环,赵国杰.区域经济发展的脆弱性及其评价体系研究——兼论脆弱性与可持续发展的关系.现代财经-天津财经学院学报,2005(10)：54-57.
[8]夏建新,杨若明.西部地区社会经济系统的脆弱性及生态风险评估方法.中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2003(04)：331-335.
[9]Dalum B, Pedersen C R, Villumsen G. Technological life cycles:regional clusters facing disruption. Aalborg Universitet Aalborg,2002.
[10]Tichy G. Clusters:less dispensable and more risky than ever. Clusters and regional specialisation, 1998:226-237.
[11]Fritz O, Mahringer H, Valderrama M. A risk-oriented analysis of regional clusters. Clusters and Regional Specialisation, Pion Ltd, London,1998:181-191.
[12]吴晓波,耿帅.区域集群自稔性风险成因分析.经济地理,2003(06)：726-730.
[13]朱瑞博.模块化抗产业集群内生性风险的机理分析.中国工业经济,2004(05)：54-60.
[14]蔡宁,杨闩柱,吴结兵.企业集群风险的研究：一个基于网络的视角.中国工业经济,2003(04)：59-64.
[15]仇保兴.中小企业撑起好大一片天一解读“集群与创业”.中国名牌,2001(12)：4-10.
[16]武春友,邓华,段宁.产业生态系统稳定性研究述评.中国人口·资源与环境,2005(05)：20-25.
[17]Cote R, Rosenthal C Eco-industrial-parks, International Society for Industrial Ecology, Ann Arbor Michigan:University of Michigan.Conference, June 29,2003.
[18]Zilahy G. Organisational factors determining the implementation of cleaner production measures in the corporate sector. Journal of Cleaner Production,2004 (4):311-319.
[19]Morehouse H.A Spatial Decision Support System for Environmentally Sustainable Communities. Clark University,2002.
[20]Hardy C, Graedel T. Industrial ecosystems as food webs. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2002 (1): 29-38.
[21]Heeres R, Vermeulen W, De Walle F. Eco-industrial park initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands: first lessons. Journal of Cleaner Production,2004 (8-10):985-995.
[22]Cohen M, Howard J. Success and its price:the institutionalization and political relevance of industrial ecology. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2006 (1-2):79-88.
[23]Ehrenfeld J. Would industrial ecology exist without sustainability in the background? Journal of Industrial Ecology,2007 (1):73-84.
[24]邓华.我国产业生态系统(IES)稳定性影响因素研究. 大连理工大学,2006.
[25]Burns T, Stalker G. The management of innovation. London:Tavistock Publications,1961.
[26]Hannan M. Ecologies of organizations:Diversity and identity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005(1):51-70.
[27]Ruef M. The Emergence of Organizational Forms:A Community Ecology Approach 1. ajs,2000 (3): 658-714.
[28]Ruef M. For whom the bell tolls:ecological perspectives on industrial decline and resurgence. Industrial and Corporate Change,2004 (1):61.
[29]Lomi A, Larsen E, Freeman J. Things change:dynamic resource constraints and system-dependent selection in the evolution of organizational populations. Management Science,2005 (6):882.
[30]蔡绍洪,汪劲松,徐和平,姚妟.区域企业群落向产业集群演化的自组织协同机制.经济问题探索,2007(03)：69-73.
[31]张米尔.资源型城市产业转型研究. 大连理工大学,2002.
[32]穆瑞田,李晓东.资源型产业如何走出困境一一关于组建资源型产业控股公司的建议.经济论坛,1999(15)：10-11.
[33]于立,孟韬,姜春海.资源枯竭型国有企业退出障碍与退出途径分析.中国工业经济,2003(10)：5-12.
[34]谢雄标,严良,程胜.我国资源型企业资源效率管理行为分析及政策建议.中国人口.资源与环境,2008(01)：207-211.
[35]杨伟民,秦志宏.资源型产业集群竞争优势的动态演变路径.内蒙古大学学报(人文.社会科学版),2005(04)：90-93.
[36]王锋正,郭晓川.资源型产业集群与内蒙古经济发展.工业技术经济,2007(01)：51-53.
[37]张连业,杜跃平.论我国资源型产业集群的升级与转型.陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(06)：88-94.
[38]王坤.资源型产业集群成长模式的研究. 内蒙古大学,2005.
[39]赵海东.资源型产业集群：概念与形成机理.广播电视大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(04)：90-93.
[40]王松涛.资源型产业集群可持续发展的动力学模型研究.中国海洋大学,2008.
[41]张会新.资源型产业集群的系统动力机制分析.生态经济(学术版),2009(01)：226-231.
[42]刘玉珂.资源型产业集群的影响因素与发展研究. 中国地质大学(北京),2009.
[43]田家华,邢相勤,曾伟,李金.IS014031标准在国有资源型企业环境绩效评价中的应用.中国行政管理,2009(11)：27-29.
[44]周芳.资源型企业可持续发展路径探析.生产力研究,2010(07)：200-202.
[45]敖宏,邓超.论循环经济模式下我国资源型企业的发展策略.管理世界,2009(04)：1-4+26.
[46]Padmore T, Gibson H. Modelling systems of innovation:Ⅱ. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions. Research Policy,1998 (6):625.
[47]田家华,邢相勤,曾伟,吕锋.基于GEM模型的资源型企业可持续发展障碍因素分析.中国行政管理,2008(03)：68-71.
[48]魏江,申军.传统产业集群创新系统的结构和运行模式——以温州低压电器业集群为例.科学学与科学技术管理,2003(01)：16-19.
[49]张东风.基于复杂性理论的企业集群成长与创新系统研究. 天津大学,2005.
[50]张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究. 西北农林科技大学,2007.
[51]Knoke D, Kuklinski J. Network analysis. Sage,1996.
[52]Kamann D, Strijker D. The Network Approach:Concepts and Applications'. Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives, London, New York,1991:145-173.
[53]Hakansson H. Industrial technological development:A network approach. Law Book Co of Australasia,1987.
[54]额尔灯敖其尔.资源型产业集群发展中的政府职能动态定位研究. 浙江大学,2009.
[55]Benneworth P, Hospers G-J. The new economic geography of old industrial regions:universities as global-local pipelines. Environment & Planning C:Government & Policy,2007 (6):779-802.
[56]王缉慈.创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展.北京：北京大学出版社,2001.
[57]姜照华,隆连堂,张米尔.产业集群条件下知识供应链与知识网络的动力学模型探讨.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(07)：57-62.
[58]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群的网络式创新能力及其集体学习机制.科研管理,2005(04)：24-30+23.
[59]王娟.网络关系对产业集群企业抗风险能力的影响研究. 南京航空航天大学,2008.
[60]方世敏,廖珍杰.长株潭旅游景区群落结构优化研究.城市问题,2008(07)：27-31.
[61]Timmerman P. Vulnerability, resilience and the collapse of society. Environmental Monograph, 1981.
[62]Scorer R S. Climate Impact Assessment—Studies of Climate and Society. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1986 (471):291-291.
[63]Turner B, Kasperson R, Matson P, McCarthy J, Corell R, Christensen L, Eckley N, Kasperson J, Luers A, Martello M. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2003 (14):8074-8079.
[64]Gabor T, Griffith T. The assessment of community vulnerability to acute hazardous materials incidents* 1. Journal of Hazardous Materials,1980 (4):323-333.
[65]Susman W. Culture as history:The transformation of American society in the twentieth century. Pantheon,1984.
[66]Mitchell J, Devine N, Jagger K. A contextual model of natural hazard. Geographical Review,1989 (4):391-409.
[67]Cutter S. Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Progress in Human Geography,1996 (4):529.
[68]Bohle H, Downing T, Watts M. Climate change and social vulnerability::Toward a sociology and geography of food insecurity. Global Environmental Change,1994 (1):37-48.
[69]Kochunov B,李国栋.脆弱生态的概念及分类.地理译报,1993(1)：36-43.
[70]Neil Adger W. Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development,1999 (2):249-269.
[71]Adger W. Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition in Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2000 (4):738-758.
[72]Adger W N. Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change,2006 (3):268-281.
[73]Dow K. Exploring differences in our common future (s):the meaning of vulnerability to global environmental change. Geoforum,1992 (3):417-436.
[74]Blaikie P. At risk:natural hazards, people's vulnerability, and disasters. Routledge,1994.
[75]刘燕华,李秀彬.脆弱生态环境与可持续发展.北京：商务印书馆,2001.
[76]王凤慧.生态环境脆弱地区自然景观的人为退化及人地系统合理调控的对策一一以晋陕蒙长城沿线地区为例.干旱区资源与环境,1989(03)：21-27.
[77]王小丹,钟洋浩.生态环境脆弱性概念的若干问题探讨.山地学报,2003(S1)：21-25.
[78]唐国平,李秀彬,Fischer G, Prieler S.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响.地理学报,2000(02)：129-138.
[79]冉圣宏,毛显强.典型脆弱生态区的稳定性与可持续农业发展.中国人口.资源与环境,2000(02)：70-72.
[80]蔡运龙.全球气候变化下中国农业的脆弱性与适应对策.地理学报,1996(03)：202-212.
[81]李克让,陈育峰.全球气候变化影响下中国森林的脆弱性分析.地理学报,1996(S1)：40-49.
[82]朱震达.土地荒漠化问题研究现状与展望.地理研究,1994(01)：104-113.
[83]孙武,侯玉,张勃.生态脆弱带波动性、人口压力、脆弱度之间的关系.生态学报,2000(03)：369-373.
[84]赵跃龙,刘燕华.脆弱生态环境与工业化的关系.经济地理,1996(02)：86-90.
[85]赵跃龙,刘燕华.中国脆弱生态环境分布及其与贫困的关系.人文地理,1996(02)：5-11+72.
[86]Brooks N. Vulnerability, risk and adaptation:A conceptual framework. Tyndall Centre, University of East Anglia,2003:1-20.
[87]李鹤,张平宇,程叶青.脆弱性的概念及其评价方法.地理科学进展,2008(2)：18-25.
[88]Janssen M, Schoon M, Ke W, Borner K. Scholarly networks on resilience, vulnerability and adaptation within the human dimensions of global environmental change. Global Environmental Change,2006 (3):240-252.
[89]MCFADDEN L. Vulnerability analysis in environmental management:widening and deepening its approach. Environmental Conservation,2007 (03):195-204.
[90]苏飞,张平宇.石油城市经济系统脆弱性评价——以大庆市为例.自然资源学报,2009(07)：1267-1274.
[91]樊宏烨.企业脆弱性机理研究. 武汉理工大学,2008.
[92]那伟.辽源市人地系统脆弱性与可持续发展研究. 东北师范大学,2008.
[93]孟艳玲.煤炭城市人地系统脆弱性发生机制研究. 东北师范大学,2008.
[94]田红娜.中国资源型城市创新体系营建.北京：经济科学出版社,2009.
[95]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群与区域经济发展——基于“资源-结构”观的分析.北京：科学出版社.2007.
[96]周海涛,郑海涛,张墨琴.产业集群中的政府行为研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(02)：49-53+86.
[97]Powell W, Koput K, Smith-Doerr L. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly,1996 (1):116-145.
[98]Zimmerman M, Zeitz G. Beyond survival:Achieving new venture growth by building legitimacy. Academy of Management Review,2002 (3):414-431.
[99]Miner A, Amburgey T, Stearns T. Interorganizational linkages and population dynamics:buffering and transformational shields. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990 (4):689-713.
[100]Lipparini A, Sobrero M. The glue and the pieces:entrepreneurship and innovation in small-firm networks. Journal of Business Venturing,1994 (2):125-140.
[101]Ostgaard T, Birley S. New venture growth and personal networks. Journal of Business Research, 1996 (1):37-50.
[102]Zaheer A, Bell G. Benefiting from network position:firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance. Strategic Management Journal,2005 (9):809.
[103]Collinson S, Wilson D C. Inertia in Japanese Organizations:Knowledge Management Routines and Failure to Innovate. Organization Studies (01708406),2006 (9):1359-3187.
[104]Gargiulo M, Benassi M. Trapped in your own net? Network cohesion, structural holes, and the adaptation of social capital. Organization Science,2000 (2):183-196.
[105]Burt R S. Structural holes:The social structure of competition. Cambridge:Harvard,1992.
[106]Uzzi B. Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks:The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (1):37-69.
[107]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群组织间关系密集性的社会网络分析.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(04)：60-67.
[108]Burt R. The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (2): 339-365.
[109]Podolny J, Baron J. Resources and relationships:Social networks and mobility in the workplace. American Sociological Review,1997 (5):673-693.
[110]Gulati R, Westphal J. Cooperative or controlling? The effects of CEO-board relations and the content of interlocks on the formation of joint ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly,1999 (3).
[111]朱海燕,魏江.集群网络结构演化分析——基于知识密集型服务机构嵌入的视角.中国工业经济,2009(10)：58-66.
[112]Hakansson H, Ford D. How should companies interact in business networks? Journal of Business Research,2002 (2):133-139.
[113]Tai-Young K, Hongseok O, Swaminathan A. FRAMING INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK CHANGE:A NETWORK INERTIA PERSPECTIVE. Academy of Management Review,2006 (3):704-720.
[114]邹仲海.中小企业集群的优势和风险研究. 山东大学,2005.
[115]Harrison B. Industrial districts:old wine in new bottles? Regional Studies,1992 (5):469-483.
[116]梁孟荣.基于社会网络结构的产业集群技术创新研究. 南京航空航天大学,2007.
[117]Johannisson B, Ramirez-Pasillas M.Networking for Entrepreneurship:Building a topography model of human, social and cultural capital, Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference,2001.
[118]Hacklin F, Inganas M, Marxt C, Pluss A. Core rigidities in the innovation process:a structured benchmark on knowledge management challenges. International Journal of Technology Management,2009 (1/2):244-266.
[119]朱文晶,程华.资产专用视角下的技术刚性形成机理及其克服.技术经济与管理研究,2009(04)：33-35.
[120]White H. Where do markets come from? Advances in Strategic Management,1981 (2):323-350.
[121]符正平.论企业集群的产生条件与形成机制.中国工业经济,2002(10)：20-26.
[122]那伟,刘继生.矿业城市人地系统的脆弱性及其评价体系.城市问题,2007(07)：4348.
[123]Bain J. Industrial organization. John Wiley & Sons,1968.
[124]魏守华,石碧华.论企业集群的竞争优势.中国工业经济,2002(01)：59-65.
[125]Ahrend R, de Rosa D, Tompson W. RUSSIAN MANUFACTURING AND THE THREAT OF 'DUTCH DISEASE'A COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS DEVELOPMENTS IN RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN INDUSTRY. Le secteur manufacturier russe et la menace du《 syndrome neerlandais》 Comparaison du developpement de la competitivite des industries russe et ukrainienne.,2007(1):1-57.
[126]Siegle J. Governance strategies to remedy the natural resource curse. International Social Science Journal,2005:45-55.
[127]Krainer R E. RESOURCE ENDOWMENT AND THE STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT. Journal of Finance,1967 (1):49-57.
[128]Bond S R, Malik A. Natural resources, export structure, and investment. Oxford Economic Papers, 2009 (4):675-702.
[129]Lall S, United Nations Children's Fund F. Education, Skills and Industrial Development in the Structural Transformation of Africa. Innocenti Occasional Papers Number 3. Special Subseries: Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa.1990.
[130]张复明.资源型经济：理论解释、内在机制与应用研究.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[131]Pierce B D, White R E. Resource context contestability and emergent social structure:an empirical investigation of an evolutionary theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2006 (2):221-239.
[132]Sorenson O. Social Networks, Informational Complexity and Industrial Geography*. The Role of Labour Mobility and Informal Networks for Knowledge Transfer,2005:79-96.
[133]Elbaum B. The Steel Industry before World War I'. The Decline of the British Economy:An Institutional Perspective,1986:51.
[134]Staber U. Spatial proximity and firm survival in a declining industrial district:the case of knitwear firms in Baden-W1 rttemberg. Regional Studies,2001 (4):329-341.
[135]He C, Zhu S. Economic Transition and Industrial Restructuring in China:Structural Convergence or Divergence? Post-Communist Economies,2007 (3):317-342.
[136]He C-f, Zhu S-j. Industrial agglomeration and labour productivity in transition:an empirical study of Chinese manufacturing industries. Post-Communist Economies,2009 (1):103-115.
[137]Sarkar B, Guin K K. Downsizing through technology management and outsourcing:a case study of a captive coal-mining organisation in India under globalisation. International Journal of Global Energy Issues,2003 (4):387.
[138]刘益,李恒,汪应洛.柔性战略的理论、分析方法及其应用.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[139]Stiglitz J E, Dasgupta P. MARKET STRUCTURE AND RESOURCE EXTRACTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1981 (2):318.
[140]Rotheli T F. Expectations About Change in Market Structure and Natural Resource Extraction. Journal of Economics,1995 (2):203-214.
[141]Chatterton P.'Be Realistic:Demand the Impossible'. Moving Towards'Strong'Sustainable Development in an Old Industrial Region? Regional Studies,2002 (5):552-561.
[142]Gasidlo K, Stein M. Spatial restructuring of old industrial areas:Polish and former East German experiences. European Planning Studies,1995 (3):397.
[143]Woolcock M, Pritchett L, Isham J. The social foundations of poor economic growth in resource-rich countries. Resource abundance and economic development,2001:76-92.
[144]Hsien-Che L, Yi-Chia C, Horng-Der L. Innovation capacity comparison of China's information technology industrial clusters: The case of Shanghai, Kunshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,2005 (3):293-315.
[145]Sakakibara M, Porter M. Competing at home to win abroad:evidence from Japanese industry. Review of Economics and Statistics,2001 (2):310-322.
[146]Feldman M, Florida R. The geographic sources of innovation:technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1994 (2):210-229.
[147]Tambunan T. The Role of Government in Technology Transfer to SME Clusters in Indonesia: Micro-level Evidence from the Metalworking Industry Cluster in Tegal (Central Java). Asian Journal of Social Science,2008 (2):321-349.
[148]Lorenzoni G, Baden-Fuller C. Creating a Strategic Center to Manage a Web of Partners. California Management Review,1995 (3):146-163.
[149]Saperstein J, Rouach D. Creating regional wealth in the innovation economy:models, perspectives, and best practices. Prentice Hall,2002.
[150]Leonard-Barton D. Core capabilities and core rigidities:A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,1992 (S1):111-125.
[151]Baum J, Mezias S. Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry,1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992 (4):580-604.
[152]李中东,王发明.企业集群风险分析：基于产业生态的视角.科学学研究,2009(02)：214-219.
[153]李庆华,汤薇,孙虹.产业集群的“超稳定结构”及其突破研究.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005(02)：34-39.
[154]Elton C. The ecology of invasions by plants and animals. London:Chapman and Hall,1958.
[155]McNaughton S. Diversity and stability of ecological communities:a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology. The American Naturalist,1977 (979):515.
[156]Naeem S, Li S. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature,1997 (6659):507-509.
[157]Tilman D, Downing J. Diversity and stability in grasslands. Nature,1994:363-365.
[158]Tilman D. Causes, consequences and ethics of biodiversity. Nature,2000 (6783):208-211.
[159]Desrochers P. Eco-Industrial Parks. The Case for Private Planning,2000:1-34.
[160]C6te R, Cohen-Rosenthal E. Designing eco-industrial parks:a synthesis of some experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production,1998 (3-4):181-188.
[161]Cooper M, Ellram L. Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy. The International Journal of Logistics Management,1993 (2): 13-24.
[162]Sivadas E, Dwyer F. An examination of organizational factors influencing new product success in internal and alliance-based processes. The Journal of Marketing,2000 (1):31-49.
[163]Rycroft R W, Kash D E. Path Dependence in the Innovation of Complex Technologies. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,2002 (1):21-35.
[164]Takayama M, Watanabe C, Griffy-Brown C. Remaining innovative without sacrificing stability:an analysis of strategies in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry that enable firms to overcome inertia resulting from successful market penetration of new product development. Technovation,2002 (12):747.
[165]Grabher G, Ibert O. Bad company? The ambiguity of personal knowledge networks. Journal of Economic Geography,2006 (3):251.
[166]Keeble D, Wilkinson F. Collective learning and knowledge development in the evolution of regional clusters of high technology SMEs in Europe. Regional Studies,1999 (4):295-303.
[167]Stewart W, Roth P. Data quality affects meta-analytic conclusions:A response to Miner and Raju (2004) concerning entrepreneurial risk propensity. Journal of Applied Psychology,2004 (1):14-21.
[168]Shaver J, Flyer F. Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal,2000 (12):1175-1193.
[169]Abrahamson E, Fombrun C. Macrocultures:Determinants and consequences. Academy of Management Review,1994 (4):728-755.
[170]Belussi F, Arcangeli F. A typology of networks:flexible and evolutionary firms. Research Policy, 1998 (4):415-430.
[171]Cooke P. Global bioregions:knowledge domains, capabilities and innovation system networks. Industry & Innovation,2006 (4):437-458.
[172]Visser E, Boschma R. Learning in districts:novelty and lock-in in a regional context. European Planning Studies,2004 (6):793-808.
[173]Eriksson R, Lindgren U, Malmberg G. Agglomeration mobility:effects of localisation, urbanisation, and scale on job changes. Environment & Planning A,2008 (10):2419-2434.
[174]Arthur W. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The economic journal,1989 (394):116-131.
[175]Amiti M. New trade theories and industrial location in the EU:a survey of evidence. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,1998 (2):45.
[176]Levinthal D:Three faces of organizational learning:Wisdom, inertia, and discovery, Garud R, Nayyar P R, Shapira Z B, editor, Technological innovation:Oversights and foresights., New York, NY US:Cambridge University Press,1997:167-180.
[177]Lundvall B. Innovation as an interactive process:from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation. Technical change and economic theory,1988:349-369.
[178]Scott P. Path dependence, fragmented property rights and the slow diffusion of high throughput technologies in inter-war British coal mining. Business History,2006 (1):20-42.
[179]Arrow K. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention.1962,1962.
[180]刘巨钦.论资源与企业集群的竞争优势.管理世界,2007(01)：164-165.
[181]朱方文.基于共享性资源刚性的集群企业风险成因分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(12)：157-161.
[182]黄建康.产业集群竞争优势刚性及其超越路径.经济问题探索,2004(08)：68-70.
[183]Ahokangas P, Hyry M, Rasanen P. Small technology-based firms in fast-growing regional cluster. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship,1999 (1):14-25.
[184]Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Advances in Strategic Management, 2000 (1):203-227.
[185]Peteraf M. The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal,1993(3):179-191.
[186]Rugman A, D'Cruz J. Multinationals as flagship firms:Regional business networks. Oxford University Press, USA,2000.
[187]Williamson O E. Comparative Economic Organization:The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly,1991 (2):269-296.
[188]Barham B L, Chavas J-P, Coomes O T. Sunk Costs and the Natural Resource Extraction Sector: Analytical Models and Historical Examples of Hysteresis and Strategic Behavior in the Americas. Land Economics,1998 (4):429-448.
[189]姚先国,温伟祥,任洲麒.企业集群环境下的公司创业研究——网络资源与创业导向对集群企业绩效的影响.中国工业经济,2008(03)：84-92.
[190]Tallman S, Jenkins M, Henry N, Pinch S. Knowledge, clusters, and competitive advantage. The Academy of Management Review,2004 (2):258-271.
[191]Lui S S, Wong Y-y, Liu W. Asset specificity roles in interfirm cooperation:Reducing opportunistic behavior or increasing cooperative behavior? Journal of Business Research,2009 (11):1214-1219.
[192]Reddy S B. STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND ASSET SPECIFICITY. Advances in Competitiveness Research,2006(1):16-43.
[193]Walker G, Kogut B, Shan W:Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network, Eric L L, editor, Knowledge and Social Capital, Boston:Butterworth-Heinemann,2000: 225-254.
[194]Mayer K J, Bercovitz J. The influence of inertia on contract design:contingency planning in information technology service contracts. Managerial & Decision Economics,2008 (2/3):149-163.
[195]Hodson M. Old industrial regions, technology, and innovation:tensions of obduracy and transformation. Environment & Planning A,2008 (5):1057-1075.
[196]符正平,曾素英.集群产业转移中的转移模式与行动特征——基于企业社会网络视角的分析.管理世界,2008(12)：83-92.
[197]Markusen A. Sticky places in slippery space:a typology of industrial districts. Economic Geography,1996 (3):293-313.
[198]杨玉兵,胡汉辉.网络结构与知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理,2008(02)：123-127.
[199]Saltiel J, Woelfel J. Inertia in Cognitive Processes:The Role of Accumulated Information in Attitude Change. Human Communication Research,1975.
[200]Charman-Anderson S. Cultural inertia is the biggest bar to technology adoption. Computer Weekly, 2010:20-20.
[201]Goode A, Stretton A. The future for coal mining in Poland. Coal International,1997 (4):164.
[202]Hodgkinson G P. COGNITIVE INERTIA IN A TURBULENT MARKET:THE CASE OF UK RESIDENTIAL ESTATE AGENTS. Journal of Management Studies,1997 (6):921-945.
[203]Grabher G. The weakness of strong ties:the lock-in of regional development in the Ruhr area. The embedded firm:On the socioeconomics of industrial networks,1993:255-277.
[204]曹丽莉.产业集群网络结构的比较研究.中国工业经济,2008(08)：145-154.
[205]Lazerson M H, Lorenzoni G. The firms that feed industrial districts:A return to the Italian source. Industrial & Corporate Change,1999 (2):235.
[206]郑师章,吴千红,王海波,陶芸.普通生态学——原理、方法和应用.上海：复旦大学出版社,1994.
[207]李志刚,汤书昆,梁晓艳,赵林捷.产业集群网络结构与企业创新绩效关系研究.科学学研究,2007(04)：777-782.
[208]刘友金,罗发友.基于焦点企业成长的集群演进机理研究——以长沙工程机械集群为例.管理世界,2005(10)：159-161.
[209]Kauffman S. At home in the universe:The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. Oxford University Press, USA,1995.
[210]Stacey R. Complexity and creativity in organizations. San Francisco,1996.
[211]Frishammar J, Horte S A. Managing External Information in Manufacturing Firms:The Impact on Innovation Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2005 (3):251-266.
[212]Green K W, Whitten D, Inman R A. The impact of timely information on organisational performance in a supply chain. Production Planning & Control,2007 (4):274-282.
[213]Gupta P, Mukerjee D, Singh D. Scope of information technology in coal mining industry in India in perspective of Vision 2025:suggested ways and means. Mining Technology:Transactions of the Institute of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A,2008 (1):42-47.
[214]Costanza R, Norton B, Haskell B. Ecosystem health:new goals for environmental management. Island Press,1992.
[215]Mageau M, Costanza R, Ulanowicz R. The development and initial testing of a quantitative assessment of ecosystem health. Ecosystem Health,1995 (4):201-213.
[216]Steiner M, Posch U. Problems of structural adaptation in old industrial areas:a factor-analytical approach. Environment & Planning,1985 (8):1127.
[217]吴晓波,耿帅,徐松屹.基于共享性资源的集群企业竞争优势分析.研究与发展管理,2004(4)：1-7.
[218]Adger W N. Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development,1999 (2):249-269.
[219]Todtling F, Trippl M. Like phoenix from the ashes? The renewal of clusters in old industrial areas. Urban Studies (Routledge),2004 (5/6):1175-1195.
[220]McCann K, Hastings A, Harrison S, Wilson W. Population outbreaks in a discrete world. Theoretical Population Biology,2000 (2):97-108.
[221]Loury G. The optimal exploitation of an unknown reserve. The Review of Economic Studies,1978 (3):621-636.
[222]Li Y, Tang F, Guan X. On Appraisal Index System and Method of The Innovation Ability of Resource-based City. International Journal of Business and Management,2009 (6):145.
[223]Ahrend R. Sustaining growth in a resource-based economy:the main issues and the specific case of Russia. United Nations Publications,2005.
[224]Yudelman D. Mining technology:scratching the surface. Canadian Mining Journal,2006:5-5.
[225]Dasgupta P, Heal G. The optimal depletion of exhaustible resources. The Review of Economic Studies,1974:3-28.
[226]Pindyck R. Uncertainty and exhaustible resource markets. The Journal of Political Economy,1980: 1203-1225.
[227]Pagell M, Krause D R. A multiple-method study of environmental uncertainty and manufacturing flexibility. Journal of Operations Management,1999 (3):307-325.
[228]吴伟,陈功玉,陈明义,肖辉.生态工业系统的综合评价.科学学与科学技术管理,2002(1)：72-75.
[229]黄鸥,陈森发,周振国,亓霞.生态工业园综合评价研究.科研管理,2004(6)：92-95+69.
[230]Glauser S, McAllister M L, Milioli G. The challenges of sustainability in mining regions:The coal mining region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Natural Resources Forum,2005 (1):1-11.
[231]Bykov A. Natural Resource Management Regional Policy in the Far North. Problems of Economic Transition,2005 (11):7-17.
[232]Baeten G, Swyngedouw E, Albrechts L. Politics, Institutions and Regional Restructuring Processes: From Managed Growth to Planned Fragmentation in the Reconversion of Belgium's Last Coal Mining Region. Regional Studies,1999 (3):247-258.
[233]Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu Y. The Problems in Sustainable Development of Resource Orientated City and Countermeasures. International Journal of Business and Management,2009 (6):P128.
[234]lap S, Karslioglu M O, Demirel N. Development of a GIS-based monitoring and management system for underground coal mining safety. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009 (2): 105-112.
[235]吴勤堂.产业集群与区域经济发展耦合机理分析.管理世界,2004(02)：133-134+136.
[236]Davison R. Optimal depletion of an exhaustible resource with research and development towards an alternative technology. The Review of Economic Studies,1978 (2):355-367.
[237]Sagar A D, van der Zwaan B. Technological innovation in the energy sector:R&D, deployment, and learning-by-doing. Energy Policy,2006 (17):2601-2608.
[238]Schroster H G. STRATEGIC R&D AS AN ANSWER TO THE OIL CRISIS. WEST AND EAST GERMAN INVESTMENT IN COAL REFINEMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, 1970-1990. History & Technology,2000 (4):383.
[239]苏敬勤,刁晓纯.产业生态网络研究.大连：大连理工大学出版社,2009.
[240]Das T, Teng B. Resource and risk management in the strategic alliance making process. Journal of Management,1998 (1):21.
[241]Lyles M, Reger R. MANAGING FOR AUTONOMY IN JOINT VENTURES:A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF UPWARD INFLUENCE. Journal of Management Studies,1993 (3):383-404.
[242]贾若祥,刘毅,侯晓丽.企业合作模式及其对区域经济发展的影响一一以江苏省通州市企业为例.地理研究,2005(04)：641-651.
[243]陶青,仲伟俊.合作伙伴关系中合作程度对其收益的影响研究.管理工程学报,2002(01)：66-69+1.
[244]Cagliano R, Chiesa V, Manzini R. Differences and similarities in managing technological collaborations in research, development and manufacturing:a case study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2000 (2):193-224.
[245]Batjargal B. Social capital and entrepreneurial performance in Russia:A longitudinal study. Organization Studies,2003 (4):535.
[246]王晓娟.知识网络与集群企业竞争优势研究.浙江大学,2007.
[247]彭新敏.企业网络对技术创新绩效的作用机制研究：利用性-探索性学习的中介效应.浙江大学.2009.
[248]Forsyth D J C, McBain N S, Solomon R F. Technical Rigidity and Appropriate Technology in Less Developed Countries. World Development,1980 (5/6):371-398.
[249]曾蓓,崔焕金.企业技术能力刚性的产生及其超越.山东经济,2007(06)：53-56.
[250]曹兴,谭滔,李玲.企业知识状态的刚性特征及其克服的微观机制分析.软科学,2008(03)：124-127.
[251]Alp N, Alp B, Omurtag Y. Technology acquisition and utilization model (TAUM). Computers & Industrial Engineering,1997 (3/4):7.
[252]Jones G K, Lanctot Jr A. DETERMINANTS AND PERFORMANCE IMPACTS OF EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION. Journal of Business Venturing,2001 (3):255.
[253]Lambe C J, Spekman R E. Alliances, External Technology Acquisition, and Discontinuous Technological Change. Journal of Product Innovation Management,1997 (2):102-116.
[254]Cho D-H, Yu P-I. Influential factors in the choice of technology acquisition mode:an empirical analysis of small and medium size firms in the Korean telecommunication industry. Technovation, 2000(12):691-704.
[255]Ford D. Develop Your Technology Strategy. Long Range Planning,1988 (5):85-95.
[256]负晓哲,谢群.试论企业技术网络的构建.生产力研究,2003(05)：274-275.
[257]Dodgson M. Technology Learning, Technology Strategy and Competitive Pressures. British Journal of Management,1991 (3):133.
[258]王大洲.企业创新网络：进化与治理.北京：知识产权出版社,2006.
[259]Hansen M, Mors M, Lovas B. Knowledge sharing in organizations:Multiple networks, multiple phases. Academy of Management Journal,2005 (5):776-794.
[260]王文平,谈正达,陈娟.自主内生型产业集群中知识共享与创新资源投入关系研究.中国软科学,2007(06)：49-54.
[261]林海波.现代服务业产业集群创新网络知识共享与绩效关系的研究.浙江大学,2008.
[262]朱浩义.集群网络结构对集群网络功能的影响研究.浙江大学,2006.
[263]Standifird S S. Conceptual Bonds:Network Analysis as a Way of Understanding Institutional Rigidity. Emergence,2001 (3):7-21.
[264]Zucker L. Organizations as institutions. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1983 (1): 1-47.
[265]张敏,陈传明.企业文化刚性的组织生命周期模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2006(02)：150-155.
[266]Weick K, Quinn R. Organizational change and development. Annual review of psychology,1999 (1):361-386.
[267]陈传明,张敏.企业文化的刚性特征：分析与测度.管理世界,2005(06)：101-106+172.
[268]Freeman L. Centrality in Social Networks Conceptual Clarification. Social Networks,1979: 215-239.
[269]罗家德.社会网分析讲义.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[270]Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. The Academy of Management Journal,2001 (5):996-1004.
[271]嵇登科.企业网络对企业技术创新绩效的影响研究浙江大学,2006.
[272]邬爱其.集群企业网络化成长机制研究.浙江大学,2005.
[273]李文博,郑文哲,刘爽.产业集群中知识网络结构的测量研究.科学学研究,2008(04)：119-124.
[274]Marsden P, Campbell K. Measuring tie strength. Social Forces,1984 (2):483-501.
[275]McEvily B, Zaheer A. Bridging ties:A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal,1999(12):1133-1156.
[276]Granovetter M. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology,1973 (6):1360-1380.
[277]Burt R. The social structure of competition. Explorations in economic sociology,1993:65-103.
[278]Kraatz M. Learning by association? Interorganizational networks and adaptation to environmental change. The Academy of Management Journal,1998 (6):621-643.
[279]Capaldo A. Network structure and innovation:the leveraging of a dual network as a distinctive relational capability. Strategic Management Journal,2007 (6):585.
[280]Teece D, Pisano G, Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,1997 (7):509-533.
[281]Fiorito S, Giunipero L, Yan H. Retail buyers'perceptions of quick response systems. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,1998 (6):237-246.
[282]Blackburn J. The quick-response movement in the apparel industry:a case study in time-compressing supply chains. Time-Based Competition, Business One Irwin, New York, NY, 1991:246-69.
[283]Bettis R, Hitt M. The new competitive landscape. Strategic Management Journal,1995:7-19.
[284]李文华,韩福荣.企业种群间协同演化的规律与实证研究.中国管理科学,2004(05)：137-143.
[285]张东风.基于复杂性理论的企业集群成长与创新系统研究.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[286]Volberda H. Building the flexible firm:How to remain competitive. Oxford University Press, USA, 1999.
[287]Eppink D.Managing the unforeseen:a study of flexibility. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.,1978.
[288]Sanchez R. Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal,1995: 135-159.
[289]Corbett C, Van Wassenhove L. Trade-offs? What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing strategy. California Management Review,1993:107-107.
[290]Stalk G, Evans P, LE e S. Competing on Capabilities:The New Rules of Corporate Strategy. Harvard business review,1992.
[291]Barney J. Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management,1991 (1): 99-120.
[292]Tsourveloudis N, Phillis Y. Manufacturing flexibility measurement:A fuzzy logic framework. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,1998 (4):513-524.
[293]Parker R P, Wirth A. Manufacturing flexibility:Measures and relationships. European Journal of Operational Research,1999 (3):429-449.
[294]Koste L L, Malhotra M K. A theoretical framework for analyzing the dimensions of manufacturing flexibility. Journal of Operations Management,1999 (1):75-93.
[295]D'Aveni R, Gunther R. Hypercompetition. Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. Das Summa Summarum des Management,2007:83-93.
[296]Hyun J, Ahn B. A Unifying Framework for Manufacturing Flexibility. Manufacturing Review, 1992 (4):251-259.
[297]斐迪南多·维拉,海伦娜·麦克里奥德,蔡可.环境规划和决策的环境脆弱性指标(上)一一原则与应用.国外社会科学文摘,2002(07)：75-78.
[298]Gustavsson L, Laestadius S. From Grounded Skills to Creativity:On the Transformation of Mining Regions in the Knowledge Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations,2006 (5):619-631.
[299]Saxenian A. Regional advantage:Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press,1996.
[300]Maillat D. Interactions between urban systems and localized productive systems:an approach to endogenous regional development in terms of innovative milieu. European Planning Studies,1998 (2):117-129.
[301]Bergman E, Maier G, Todtling F. Regions reconsidered:economic networks, innovation, and local development in industrialized countries. London:Mansell publishing,1991.
[302]Hagedoorn J, Cloodt M. Measuring innovative performance:is there an advantage in using multiple indicators? Research Policy,2003 (8):1365-1379.
[303]Arundel A, Kabla I. What percentage of innovations are patented? Empirical estimates for European firms. Research Policy,1998 (2):127-141.
[304]Ahuja G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation:A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000:425-455.
[305]Ming-Huei C. Entrepreneurial Leadership and New Ventures:Creativity in Entrepreneurial Teams. Creativity & Innovation Management,2007 (3):239-249.
[306]Honjo Y. Growth of new start-up firms:evidence from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Applied Economics Letters,2004 (1):21-32.
[307]Iansiti M, Richards G L. The information technology ecosystem:Structure, health, and performance. Antitrust Bulletin,2006 (1):77-110.
[308]Hayton J C. Competing in the new economy:the effect of intellectual capital on corporate entrepreneurship in high-technology new ventures. R&D Management,2005 (2):137-155.
[309]王建军,丁琳.区域经济脆弱性评价研究.新西部(下半月),2007(01)：6+10.
[310]赵国杰,张炜熙.区域经济社会脆弱性研究——以河北省为例.上海经济研究,2006(01)：65-69+96.
[311]Meadows D, Meadows D, Randers J, Behrens W. The limits to growth. Universe Books New York, 1972.
[312]Sachs J, Warner A. Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER,1995.
[313]Suocheng D, Zehong L, Bin L, Mei X. Problems and Strategies of Industrial Transformation of China's Resource-based Cities. China Population, Resources and Environment,2007 (5):12-17.
[314]Isham J, Woolcock M, Pritchett L, Busby G. The Varieties of Resource Experience:Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth. World Bank Economic Review,2005 (2):141-174.
[315]Danson M. Old Industrial Regions and Employability. Urban Studies (Routledge),2005 (2): 285-300.
[316]Boomsma A, Hoogland J. The robustness of LISREL modeling revisited. Structural equation modeling:Present and future,2001:139-168.
[317]荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2009.
[318]Gefen D, Straub D. A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph:Tutorial and annotated example. Communications of the Association for Information Systems 2005 (16):109.
[319]Barclay D, Higgins C, Thompson R. The partial least square(PLS) approach to casual modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology,1995 (2):285-309.
[320]张玉利,李乾文.创业导向、公司创业与价值创造.天津：南开大学出版社,2009.
[321]Podsakoff P, Organ D. Self-reports in organizational research:Problems and prospects. Journal of management,1986 (4):531-544.
[322]Malhotra N. Validity and structural reliability of multidimensional scaling. Journal of Marketing Research,1987(2):164-173.
[323]Bock G, Zmud R, Kim Y, Lee J. Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing:Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. Mis Quarterly,2005(1):87-111.
[324]Bock G, Kim Y. Breaking the myths of rewards:An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Information Resources Management Journal,2002 (2):14-21.
[325]Boudreau M, Gefen D, Straub D. Validation in information systems research:A state-of-the-art assessment. Mis Quarterly,2001 (1):1-16.
[326]马庆国.管理统计-数据获取、统计原理与SPSS工具与应用研究.北京：科学出版社.2002.
[327]黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用.北京：中国税务出版社,2005.
[328]Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R, Tatham R. Multivariate data analysis. Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ,1998.
[329]Carmines E, Zeller R. Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Publications, Inc,1979.
[330]陈华,徐莉.高科技企业克服技术创新核心刚性的对策研究.科技进步与对策,2006(08)：90-92.
[331]Levinthal D A, March J G. THE MYOPIA OF LEARNING. Strategic Management Journal,1993: 95-112.
[332]March J. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science,1991 (1): 71-87.
[333]Dosi G. Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature,1988:1120-1171.
[334]De la Vega-Leinert A, Schroter D, Leemans R, Fritsch U, Pluimers J. A stakeholder dialogue on European vulnerability. Regional Environmental Change,2008 (3):109-124.
[335]Adrianto L, Matsuda Y. Developing economic vulnerability indices of environmental disasters in small island regions. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2002 (4):393-414.
[336]de Oliveira Mendes J M. Social vulnerability indexes as planning tools:beyond the preparedness paradigm. Journal of Risk Research,2009 (1):43-58.
[337]Asbjornslett B E, Rausand M. Assess the vulnerability of your production system. Production Planning & Control,1999 (3):219-229.
[338]Saaty T. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences,2008(1):83-98.
[339]Ericsson M, Noras P. A Note on Minerals-based Sustainable Development:One Viable Alternative. Minerals & Energy,2005 (1):29-39.
[340]张青,慕国庆,颜昌军.资源耗竭型企业分类退出模式选择问题研究——以煤矿企业为例.管理世界,2003(10)：147-148.
[341]Guerin T F. A Survey of Sustainable Development Initiatives in the Australian Mining and Minerals Industry. Minerals & Energy,2006 (3/4):11-44.