城市新区公交线网规划研究
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摘要
城市新区是城市发展到一定历史时期的必然产物,是城市规模扩大的基本方式,其规划的好坏与成败直接关系整座城市发展的快慢,新区的公交线网规划更是新区发展规划的重要部分。传统的公交规划在进行公交OD量预测时,是以大量的调查数据为基础,以四阶段法为主要步骤,因而具有较高的精度。但是,在对城市新区进行公交OD量预测时,传统的交通预测方法遇到了难题,因为新区尚处于开发建设初期,交通调查无法实施。因此,建立适合于新区特点的交通预测模型,就显得相当的迫切和重要。
本文以城市新区为研究对象,在总结分析国内外研究成果的基础上,对比分析新、老城区在交通预测上存在的差别,考虑新区交通预测的特点,从交通小区的区位土地利用信息入手,建立了适用于新区的交通生成、分布预测模型以及公交出行方式分担率的计算方法,提出了在没有现状交通出行调查的情况下进行新区客运交通需求预测的方法,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
本文共分为五部分。首先,分析了城市新区的概念、类型,确立文章研究对象——外延型新区;其次,分析了新区公共交通发展环境,明确新区公交的发展定位;然后,引入区位势能的概念和小区区位土地利用信息量化模型,结合新区特点,建立了基于人口和土地利用的交通生成预测模型和基于重力模型的交通分布预测模型,并在确定新区公交出行方式分担率的基础上,计算出新区公共交通OD量;第四,分析新区公交线网规划的基本原则与思路,提出了结合现状的初始公交网络布设方法和初始方案优化方法;最后,本文以西咸共建区的重点建设区域——沣渭新区为例,在总结其公交现状问题的基础上,提出了规划年的公交线网规划方案。
New urban district is an inevitable result of the development of city and an indispensable component of the city. It's a basic mode which the urban scale expands. Its planning related to the whole success of the pace of urban development directly, at the same time its' public transport planning is an more important part for the economic and social development. The traditional public transport planning has higher accuracy because it's based on a large number of surveys and four-stage method. However, in the new urban public transport OD forecasts, the traditional method encountered problems. The new urban district has on construction; we can't do any investigation about it. Therefore, to establish suitable traffic forecasting model for the new urban areas is very urgent and important.
This paper researches on new urban districts. On the basis of analyzing the existing research outcomes, comparing and analyzing the differences between new urban districts and old urban districts in traffic forecast, considering the features of traffic forecast for new urban districts, it starts form the location land use information of traffic zones, and establishes traffic production and distribution forecast models which are fit for new urban districts.
This paper includes five parts. First of all, its analyzes the type of new urban area, then determines the research area-extensive new area; Second, I have a clear target for the development of public transport; Third, location potential energy is presented and the location land use information quantification model is established. Combination features of new district, a traffic and distribution model is established, and then calculated the public transport OD of new area. Fourth, analysis of the basic principles of public transportation network planning and ideas, put forward a combination of the status quo methods of transit network layout; Finally, this paper has an example-Fengwei New District, at the conclusion of its public status made a public transportation network planning program for the planning year.
本文以城市新区为研究对象,在总结分析国内外研究成果的基础上,对比分析新、老城区在交通预测上存在的差别,考虑新区交通预测的特点,从交通小区的区位土地利用信息入手,建立了适用于新区的交通生成、分布预测模型以及公交出行方式分担率的计算方法,提出了在没有现状交通出行调查的情况下进行新区客运交通需求预测的方法,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
本文共分为五部分。首先,分析了城市新区的概念、类型,确立文章研究对象——外延型新区;其次,分析了新区公共交通发展环境,明确新区公交的发展定位;然后,引入区位势能的概念和小区区位土地利用信息量化模型,结合新区特点,建立了基于人口和土地利用的交通生成预测模型和基于重力模型的交通分布预测模型,并在确定新区公交出行方式分担率的基础上,计算出新区公共交通OD量;第四,分析新区公交线网规划的基本原则与思路,提出了结合现状的初始公交网络布设方法和初始方案优化方法;最后,本文以西咸共建区的重点建设区域——沣渭新区为例,在总结其公交现状问题的基础上,提出了规划年的公交线网规划方案。
New urban district is an inevitable result of the development of city and an indispensable component of the city. It's a basic mode which the urban scale expands. Its planning related to the whole success of the pace of urban development directly, at the same time its' public transport planning is an more important part for the economic and social development. The traditional public transport planning has higher accuracy because it's based on a large number of surveys and four-stage method. However, in the new urban public transport OD forecasts, the traditional method encountered problems. The new urban district has on construction; we can't do any investigation about it. Therefore, to establish suitable traffic forecasting model for the new urban areas is very urgent and important.
This paper researches on new urban districts. On the basis of analyzing the existing research outcomes, comparing and analyzing the differences between new urban districts and old urban districts in traffic forecast, considering the features of traffic forecast for new urban districts, it starts form the location land use information of traffic zones, and establishes traffic production and distribution forecast models which are fit for new urban districts.
This paper includes five parts. First of all, its analyzes the type of new urban area, then determines the research area-extensive new area; Second, I have a clear target for the development of public transport; Third, location potential energy is presented and the location land use information quantification model is established. Combination features of new district, a traffic and distribution model is established, and then calculated the public transport OD of new area. Fourth, analysis of the basic principles of public transportation network planning and ideas, put forward a combination of the status quo methods of transit network layout; Finally, this paper has an example-Fengwei New District, at the conclusion of its public status made a public transportation network planning program for the planning year.
引文
[1]王烨峰.城市新区发展研究初探—以苏南地区为例[D]东南大学硕士学位论文2006,6
[2]Lampkim,Saalmans.The Design of Routes,Under taking:A Case Study[J].Transportation Research,1967,34(2):123-127
[3]Hirsch,Dantzig.The Fixed Charge Problem[J].Rand Co.1968,3(11):16-2912
[4]Pattnail,S.B.Urban bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm[J].Joumal of Transportation Engineering,1998,12(4):368-375
[5]肖滨,范炳全.城市公交线网方案的分层规划方法[J].城市交通.2005,3(3):19-22
[6]瞿何舟,杨京帅.成都市城市公交线网分级规划思考[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(1):64-72
[7]Femandez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus-stop [C]Traffic Engineering & Control,1993,34(11):533-539.
[8]David Sullivan,Alastair Morrison.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport:An Isochrone's Approach[J]Geographical Information Science,2002,Vol.14No.1.
[9]Caroline Lemoine,Morgan Mangeas,”A Dynamic User Equilibrium Algorithm for a Network Model with Queues,”[C]IEEE,PP.1032-1035,April 2003.
[10]JeffX.Ban,Henry X.Liu,Bin Ran,” A Link Based Quasi—Variational Inequality Model for Dynamic User Equilibrium,towards Real Time Traffic Operations,”[C]in Proceeding of the 8~(th)International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Vienna,Austria,SePtemberl3-16,2005,191-196.
[11]Hue-Kuo Chen,Shin-Hao Lui and Chia — Wei Chang,” Dynamic User Equilibrium Problem with Link Capacity and First-In-First-out Constraints,”[C]The IEEE 5~(th)International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems 3-6 September 2002,466-471.
[12]Maher M J.the Use of Prior Information in Gravity Model Calibration[J].Traffic Engineering Control.2000,1:183-184
[13]Wilson A G.Entropy in Urban and Regional Modeling[A].Limited,207 Brondes bury Park,Lindon.1997:89-97
[15]Ashtakala B.C.Generalized Power Mode for Trip Distribution[C].Trans.Res.1997,21:59-67
[16]Chakroborty,P,Deb,K.,and Subramanyam,P.5.,Optimal Scheduling of Urban Transit System Using Genetic Algorithms[D],Journal of Transportation Engineering,ASCE,Vol.121,No.6,1995.
[17]耿铭君.公交线网近期优化方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文2004.4.
[18]王炜.使用公交线网规划方法研究[J].东南大学学报19907:81-88
[19]李云.山东省城市新区发展的研究与探索[D].同济大学硕士论文2007,3:5
[20]余继东,吴瑞麟.新城区居民出行生成和分布预测模型研究[J].武汉城市建设学院学报.1999,16(4):30-33
[21]吴家友.交通管理规划预测模型研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
[22]杨敏,李文勇等.城市交通生成预测实用分析模型及其应用[J].公路交通科技.2005,35(5):815-819
[23]江黎明.新建城镇路网规划预测模型研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2003,5:7-11
[24]孙兴煜.划新区交通生成与分布预测模型研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[25]王元庆,张福勇等.产生率法区位影响修正方法研究[J].中国公路学报.2004,17(3):87-91
[26]吴家友,刘术红.基于区位分析和诱增流量的停车需求预测模型研究[J].重庆交通学院学报.2004,23(3):104-107
[27]赵和生.城市规划与城市发展[M].东南大学出版社.1999:69-70
[28]Boamet Marion,Crane Randall.The Influence of Land Use on Travel Behavior Specification and Estimation Strategies[J].Transportation Research Part A.2001,35(9):823-845
[29]Ryan Sherry,Throgmorton James.A.Sustainable Transportation and Land Development on the Periphery:A Case Study of Freiburg,Gemany and Chula Vista,California[J].Transportation Research Part D.2003,8(1):37-52
[30]张琳.城市外延型开发区的交通战略与规划[D].长安大学硕士论文2005
[31]陈绪明.城市新区交通规划的研究与应用[D].西南交通大学硕士论文2003
[32]张金银.卫星城与中心城间客运交通模式的选择研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文2005.11-13
[33]王丽,刘小明等.城市土地开发交通生成预测方法的探讨[J].北京工业大学学报2004 30(1):97-100
[34李泳.城市交通与土地利用结构关系研究[J].热带地理.1998,18(4):307-310
[35]Hansen W.G.How accessibility shapes land-use[J].Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1959,25:73-76
[36]Karst T.Geurs,Bertvan Wee.Accessibility Evaluation of Land-use and Transport Strategies:Review and Research Directions[J]..Joumal of Transport Geography2004,12:127-140
[37]李平华,陆玉麟.可达性的回顾与展望[J].地理科学进展.2005,24(3):6虬78
[38]陈永庆.城市副中心发展的相对区位势分析[J].系统工程理论方法应用.2005,9(4):321-325
[39]盖春英.区域公路网交通量实用预测方法研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2000,12:4-5
[40]Harvey J.Miller,John D.Storm.Geographic Information System Design for Network Equilibrium -based Travel Demand Models[J].Transports.1996,6(4):373-389
[41]Sumeeta Srinivasan,Peter Rogers.Travel Behavior of Low-income Resident:Studying Two Contrasting Locations in the City of Chennai,India[J].Journal of Transport Geography.2005,13:265-274
[42]Ermio Cascetta,Estimation of Trip Matrices from Traffic Counts and Survey Data:a Generalized least squares estimator[J].Transportation Research Part B.1984:289-299
[43]Enjian Yao,Takayuki Morikawa.A Study of an Integrated Intereity Travel Demand Model[J].Transportation Research Part A.2005,39:367-381
[44]周伟,姚志刚,王元庆等.基于节点重要度的公路运输站场建设序列[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版).2006,26(2):69-72
[45]汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用[M].高等教育出版社,1997
[46].王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].科学出版社.2002
[47]陈尚云,杜文等.我国特大城市出行分布模型及其参数的研究[J].系统工程.2002,20(4):63-66
[48]毛保华,曾会欣等.交通规划模型及其应用[M].中国铁道出版社.1999,3
[49]王万茂等编著.土地利用规划学[M].北京.中国大地出版社.2000.
[50]朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,8.
[51]宛素春.城市空间形态解析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:3-.
[52]冯树民.公交线网优化及合理运能配置研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[53]城市公交线网规划理论及应用技术研究[D].石家庄铁道学院工程硕士论文,2006,25
[2]Lampkim,Saalmans.The Design of Routes,Under taking:A Case Study[J].Transportation Research,1967,34(2):123-127
[3]Hirsch,Dantzig.The Fixed Charge Problem[J].Rand Co.1968,3(11):16-2912
[4]Pattnail,S.B.Urban bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm[J].Joumal of Transportation Engineering,1998,12(4):368-375
[5]肖滨,范炳全.城市公交线网方案的分层规划方法[J].城市交通.2005,3(3):19-22
[6]瞿何舟,杨京帅.成都市城市公交线网分级规划思考[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2006,4(1):64-72
[7]Femandez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus-stop [C]Traffic Engineering & Control,1993,34(11):533-539.
[8]David Sullivan,Alastair Morrison.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport:An Isochrone's Approach[J]Geographical Information Science,2002,Vol.14No.1.
[9]Caroline Lemoine,Morgan Mangeas,”A Dynamic User Equilibrium Algorithm for a Network Model with Queues,”[C]IEEE,PP.1032-1035,April 2003.
[10]JeffX.Ban,Henry X.Liu,Bin Ran,” A Link Based Quasi—Variational Inequality Model for Dynamic User Equilibrium,towards Real Time Traffic Operations,”[C]in Proceeding of the 8~(th)International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Vienna,Austria,SePtemberl3-16,2005,191-196.
[11]Hue-Kuo Chen,Shin-Hao Lui and Chia — Wei Chang,” Dynamic User Equilibrium Problem with Link Capacity and First-In-First-out Constraints,”[C]The IEEE 5~(th)International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems 3-6 September 2002,466-471.
[12]Maher M J.the Use of Prior Information in Gravity Model Calibration[J].Traffic Engineering Control.2000,1:183-184
[13]Wilson A G.Entropy in Urban and Regional Modeling[A].Limited,207 Brondes bury Park,Lindon.1997:89-97
[15]Ashtakala B.C.Generalized Power Mode for Trip Distribution[C].Trans.Res.1997,21:59-67
[16]Chakroborty,P,Deb,K.,and Subramanyam,P.5.,Optimal Scheduling of Urban Transit System Using Genetic Algorithms[D],Journal of Transportation Engineering,ASCE,Vol.121,No.6,1995.
[17]耿铭君.公交线网近期优化方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文2004.4.
[18]王炜.使用公交线网规划方法研究[J].东南大学学报19907:81-88
[19]李云.山东省城市新区发展的研究与探索[D].同济大学硕士论文2007,3:5
[20]余继东,吴瑞麟.新城区居民出行生成和分布预测模型研究[J].武汉城市建设学院学报.1999,16(4):30-33
[21]吴家友.交通管理规划预测模型研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
[22]杨敏,李文勇等.城市交通生成预测实用分析模型及其应用[J].公路交通科技.2005,35(5):815-819
[23]江黎明.新建城镇路网规划预测模型研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文.2003,5:7-11
[24]孙兴煜.划新区交通生成与分布预测模型研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
[25]王元庆,张福勇等.产生率法区位影响修正方法研究[J].中国公路学报.2004,17(3):87-91
[26]吴家友,刘术红.基于区位分析和诱增流量的停车需求预测模型研究[J].重庆交通学院学报.2004,23(3):104-107
[27]赵和生.城市规划与城市发展[M].东南大学出版社.1999:69-70
[28]Boamet Marion,Crane Randall.The Influence of Land Use on Travel Behavior Specification and Estimation Strategies[J].Transportation Research Part A.2001,35(9):823-845
[29]Ryan Sherry,Throgmorton James.A.Sustainable Transportation and Land Development on the Periphery:A Case Study of Freiburg,Gemany and Chula Vista,California[J].Transportation Research Part D.2003,8(1):37-52
[30]张琳.城市外延型开发区的交通战略与规划[D].长安大学硕士论文2005
[31]陈绪明.城市新区交通规划的研究与应用[D].西南交通大学硕士论文2003
[32]张金银.卫星城与中心城间客运交通模式的选择研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文2005.11-13
[33]王丽,刘小明等.城市土地开发交通生成预测方法的探讨[J].北京工业大学学报2004 30(1):97-100
[34李泳.城市交通与土地利用结构关系研究[J].热带地理.1998,18(4):307-310
[35]Hansen W.G.How accessibility shapes land-use[J].Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1959,25:73-76
[36]Karst T.Geurs,Bertvan Wee.Accessibility Evaluation of Land-use and Transport Strategies:Review and Research Directions[J]..Joumal of Transport Geography2004,12:127-140
[37]李平华,陆玉麟.可达性的回顾与展望[J].地理科学进展.2005,24(3):6虬78
[38]陈永庆.城市副中心发展的相对区位势分析[J].系统工程理论方法应用.2005,9(4):321-325
[39]盖春英.区域公路网交通量实用预测方法研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2000,12:4-5
[40]Harvey J.Miller,John D.Storm.Geographic Information System Design for Network Equilibrium -based Travel Demand Models[J].Transports.1996,6(4):373-389
[41]Sumeeta Srinivasan,Peter Rogers.Travel Behavior of Low-income Resident:Studying Two Contrasting Locations in the City of Chennai,India[J].Journal of Transport Geography.2005,13:265-274
[42]Ermio Cascetta,Estimation of Trip Matrices from Traffic Counts and Survey Data:a Generalized least squares estimator[J].Transportation Research Part B.1984:289-299
[43]Enjian Yao,Takayuki Morikawa.A Study of an Integrated Intereity Travel Demand Model[J].Transportation Research Part A.2005,39:367-381
[44]周伟,姚志刚,王元庆等.基于节点重要度的公路运输站场建设序列[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版).2006,26(2):69-72
[45]汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用[M].高等教育出版社,1997
[46].王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].科学出版社.2002
[47]陈尚云,杜文等.我国特大城市出行分布模型及其参数的研究[J].系统工程.2002,20(4):63-66
[48]毛保华,曾会欣等.交通规划模型及其应用[M].中国铁道出版社.1999,3
[49]王万茂等编著.土地利用规划学[M].北京.中国大地出版社.2000.
[50]朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,8.
[51]宛素春.城市空间形态解析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:3-.
[52]冯树民.公交线网优化及合理运能配置研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[53]城市公交线网规划理论及应用技术研究[D].石家庄铁道学院工程硕士论文,2006,25