分布式发电系统的无功控制研究
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摘要
分布式发电技术是一种新型的、具有广阔发展前景的发电和能源综合利用方式。并网分布式发电系统的无功控制将对电网产生重要影响。本文的研究工作主要包括:
首先,研究了分布式发电对配电网电压和网损的影响。运用潮流程序计算分布式发电接入配电网前后的电压分布,结合分布式电源出力和接入位置的变化,较为全面地总结了分布式电源对配电网电压的影响规律。通过对理想配电网模型以及实际算例的分析,针对分布式电源的容量、接入位置等因素,研究了分布式电源对配电网网络损耗的影响规律。
其次,提出了基于遗传算法的含分布式发电的配电网无功优化算法。构建了包含分布式发电系统的配电网无功优化数学模型,充分考虑了网损最小和节点电压的约束,采用遗传算法对分布式发电的无功功率给定进行了优化。通过算例仿真结果,说明所设计的优化算法在减少功率损耗和提高电压质量上的有效性和正确性。
最后,建立了分布式发电系统并网逆变器的数学模型,研究了其有功、无功解耦控制方法,可在容量范围内实现无功功率的独立调节,在此方案的基础上进行了仿真和实验分析。
研究表明,分布式发电系统的无功控制方法有利于充分发挥分布式发电的积极作用,减轻分布式发电对配电网的不利影响,使电力系统更加高效、可靠地运行。
图45幅,表29个,参考文献39篇。
Distributed generation (DG) is a new technology with nice prospect, which is always connected with distribution system. So the research on reactive power control of distributed generation system is valuable in theory and in practice. The content of this paper are arranged as follows:
Firstly, the impacts of DG on distribution network such as loss and node voltages, is researched. Power flow method is applied to obtain the voltage profile before and after interconnecting DG sources. The general operation guideline is revealed after several simulations where the DG sources' output and location change. Based on ideal and practical models of distribution network, the author concludes the DG influence on power loss, considering two related factors: the DG sources' capacity and location condition.
Secondly, a reactive power optimization algorithm including DG sources based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The corresponding particular model is built which takes into the minimum network loss and node voltage constraint. Genetic algorithm is used in reactive power optimization. The simulation examples show that the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing network losses and improving the voltage profiles.
Lastly, the grid-connected inverter of distributed generation model is set up. To achieve the reactive power regulation independently, the active and reactive power decoupled control is researched. Then the simulation and experiment results were also presented.
The research on reactive power control of distributed generation is of certain value to the DG application in practice. The purpose is to achieve the positive applications, lighten the negative affection of DG and make the system more efficient and reliable.
首先,研究了分布式发电对配电网电压和网损的影响。运用潮流程序计算分布式发电接入配电网前后的电压分布,结合分布式电源出力和接入位置的变化,较为全面地总结了分布式电源对配电网电压的影响规律。通过对理想配电网模型以及实际算例的分析,针对分布式电源的容量、接入位置等因素,研究了分布式电源对配电网网络损耗的影响规律。
其次,提出了基于遗传算法的含分布式发电的配电网无功优化算法。构建了包含分布式发电系统的配电网无功优化数学模型,充分考虑了网损最小和节点电压的约束,采用遗传算法对分布式发电的无功功率给定进行了优化。通过算例仿真结果,说明所设计的优化算法在减少功率损耗和提高电压质量上的有效性和正确性。
最后,建立了分布式发电系统并网逆变器的数学模型,研究了其有功、无功解耦控制方法,可在容量范围内实现无功功率的独立调节,在此方案的基础上进行了仿真和实验分析。
研究表明,分布式发电系统的无功控制方法有利于充分发挥分布式发电的积极作用,减轻分布式发电对配电网的不利影响,使电力系统更加高效、可靠地运行。
图45幅,表29个,参考文献39篇。
Distributed generation (DG) is a new technology with nice prospect, which is always connected with distribution system. So the research on reactive power control of distributed generation system is valuable in theory and in practice. The content of this paper are arranged as follows:
Firstly, the impacts of DG on distribution network such as loss and node voltages, is researched. Power flow method is applied to obtain the voltage profile before and after interconnecting DG sources. The general operation guideline is revealed after several simulations where the DG sources' output and location change. Based on ideal and practical models of distribution network, the author concludes the DG influence on power loss, considering two related factors: the DG sources' capacity and location condition.
Secondly, a reactive power optimization algorithm including DG sources based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The corresponding particular model is built which takes into the minimum network loss and node voltage constraint. Genetic algorithm is used in reactive power optimization. The simulation examples show that the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing network losses and improving the voltage profiles.
Lastly, the grid-connected inverter of distributed generation model is set up. To achieve the reactive power regulation independently, the active and reactive power decoupled control is researched. Then the simulation and experiment results were also presented.
The research on reactive power control of distributed generation is of certain value to the DG application in practice. The purpose is to achieve the positive applications, lighten the negative affection of DG and make the system more efficient and reliable.
引文
[1]程明.新能源与分布式电源系统(上)[J].电力需求侧管理.2003,03,44-46.
[2]莫颖涛,吴为麟.分布式发电的研究方向.热力发电.2006(05)
[3]Slootweg,J.G;Kling,W.L.Impacts of distributed generation on power system transient stability.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2002 IEEE,2002,7,862-867
[4]Daly,P.A;Morrison,J.Understanding the potential benefits of distributed generation on power delivery systems.Rural Electric Power Conference,2001,A211-A213.
[5]Chiradeja,P.Benefit of Distributed Generation:A line loss reduction analysis.Transmission and Distribution conference and exhibition:Asia and Pacific,2005 IEEE
[6]汪飞.可再生能源并网逆变器的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文研究.
[7']胡学浩.分布式发电(电源)技术及其并网问题.电工技术杂志.2004,10
[8]魏琳琳.需求侧管理中的柔性负荷问题研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文研究.
[9]李蓓,李兴源.分布式发电及其对配电网的影响.电网技术.2005,06
[10]P.Chiradeja.Benefit of distributed generation:a line loss reduction analysis,IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition:Asia and Pacific Dalian,China,2005
[11]Ijumba N M,Jimoh A A,Nkabinde M.Influence of distribution generation on distribution network performance[C].5~(th)Africon conference in Frica,Cape Town,South Africa,September,1999(2):961-964.
[12]王志群,朱守真,周双喜.分布式发电对配电网电压的影响.电力系统自动化.2004(08)
[13]N.M.Ijumba,A.A.Jimoh,M.Nkabinde.Influence of distribution generation on distribution network performance.5~(th)Africon conference in Frica,Cape Town,South Africa,September,1999,(2):961-964
[14]Mori H,Sakatani Y.Application of probabilistic security assessment technique to distribution system with distributed generation[A].Proc of IEEE power engineering society transmission and distribution conference[C].Asia pacific.2002.739-744.
[15]NAKA S,GENJI T,FUKUYAMA Y.Practical equipment models for fast distribution power flow considering interconnection of distributed generators[A].In:Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society 2001 Summer Meeting Vancouver(BC,Canada),2001(2):1007-1012.
[16]ZHU Y,TOMSOVIC K.Adaptive power flow method for distribution systems with dispersed generation[J].IEEE Trans on power delivery,2002,17(3):822-827.
[17]王成山,郑海峰,谢莹华等.计及分布式发电的配电系统随机潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):39-44.
[18]吴汕,梅天华.分布式发电引起的电压波动和闪变.能源工程.2006(04)
[19]肖静,汤建红,李颖慧.浅谈分布式发电技术及其对配电系统继电保护的影响.山东电力技术.2007(01)
[20]Brahma S M,Girgis A A.Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):56-63.
[21]Xu D,Girgis A A.Optimal load shedding strategy in power systems with distributed generation[A].Proc.of IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference[C].Asia Pacific.2001.788-793.
[22']IEEE 1547.IEEE Standard for Interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems.2003
[23']盛戈皞.电力系统二级电压控制的新理论与新方法研究.华中科技大学.博士学位论文.2003.4
[24']刘明波,陈荃.二级电压控制对长期电压稳定性影响的仿真分析.湖南工业大学学报.2007.7
[25']孙元章,姚小寅,刘锋.二级电压控制对电力系统稳定性的影响.中国电机工程学报.2000.2
[26']范磊.提高电力系统电压稳定性的二次电压控制.硕士学位论文.南京.东南大学,1999.5
[27']郭庆来,孙宏斌,张伯明.协调二级电压控制的研究.电力系统自动化.2005,10
[28']盛戈皞,涂光瑜,罗毅,邻炜基于多Agent的二级电压控制系统.电力系统自动化2002
[29']何加坤,张庆安.用全面敏感度分析方法进行电力系统无功综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,1985,5(3):36-46
[30']刘明波,陈学军.电力系统无功优化的改进内点法[J].电力系统自动化,1998:33-36
[31']徐建亭,王秀英,李兴源.电力系统电压无功的序列二次规划算法[J].电力系统自动化.2001,25:4-8
[32']AOKI K,FAN M.A optimal VAR planning by approximation method for recursive mixed-integer linear programming[J].IEEE Trans on Power System,1988,3(4):1741-1747
[33']贾德香,唐国庆,韩净.基于改进模拟退火算法的电网无功优化.继电器,2004,32(4):32-35
[34']王洪章,熊信良,吴耀武.基于改进Tabu搜素算法的电力系统无功优化.电网技术,2002,26(1):15-18
[35']刘科研,盛万兴.基于改进免疫遗传算法的无功优化.电网技术.2007(31)13:11-16
[36']宁艳,钱科军,袁越.分布式发电对配电网的影响研究.
[37']戴育辉.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化.南昌大学硕士学位论文.2007,06
[38']苏琳.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化.西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2006
[39']陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.北京.机械工业出版社.1992.56-76
[2]莫颖涛,吴为麟.分布式发电的研究方向.热力发电.2006(05)
[3]Slootweg,J.G;Kling,W.L.Impacts of distributed generation on power system transient stability.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2002 IEEE,2002,7,862-867
[4]Daly,P.A;Morrison,J.Understanding the potential benefits of distributed generation on power delivery systems.Rural Electric Power Conference,2001,A211-A213.
[5]Chiradeja,P.Benefit of Distributed Generation:A line loss reduction analysis.Transmission and Distribution conference and exhibition:Asia and Pacific,2005 IEEE
[6]汪飞.可再生能源并网逆变器的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文研究.
[7']胡学浩.分布式发电(电源)技术及其并网问题.电工技术杂志.2004,10
[8]魏琳琳.需求侧管理中的柔性负荷问题研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文研究.
[9]李蓓,李兴源.分布式发电及其对配电网的影响.电网技术.2005,06
[10]P.Chiradeja.Benefit of distributed generation:a line loss reduction analysis,IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition:Asia and Pacific Dalian,China,2005
[11]Ijumba N M,Jimoh A A,Nkabinde M.Influence of distribution generation on distribution network performance[C].5~(th)Africon conference in Frica,Cape Town,South Africa,September,1999(2):961-964.
[12]王志群,朱守真,周双喜.分布式发电对配电网电压的影响.电力系统自动化.2004(08)
[13]N.M.Ijumba,A.A.Jimoh,M.Nkabinde.Influence of distribution generation on distribution network performance.5~(th)Africon conference in Frica,Cape Town,South Africa,September,1999,(2):961-964
[14]Mori H,Sakatani Y.Application of probabilistic security assessment technique to distribution system with distributed generation[A].Proc of IEEE power engineering society transmission and distribution conference[C].Asia pacific.2002.739-744.
[15]NAKA S,GENJI T,FUKUYAMA Y.Practical equipment models for fast distribution power flow considering interconnection of distributed generators[A].In:Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society 2001 Summer Meeting Vancouver(BC,Canada),2001(2):1007-1012.
[16]ZHU Y,TOMSOVIC K.Adaptive power flow method for distribution systems with dispersed generation[J].IEEE Trans on power delivery,2002,17(3):822-827.
[17]王成山,郑海峰,谢莹华等.计及分布式发电的配电系统随机潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):39-44.
[18]吴汕,梅天华.分布式发电引起的电压波动和闪变.能源工程.2006(04)
[19]肖静,汤建红,李颖慧.浅谈分布式发电技术及其对配电系统继电保护的影响.山东电力技术.2007(01)
[20]Brahma S M,Girgis A A.Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):56-63.
[21]Xu D,Girgis A A.Optimal load shedding strategy in power systems with distributed generation[A].Proc.of IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference[C].Asia Pacific.2001.788-793.
[22']IEEE 1547.IEEE Standard for Interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems.2003
[23']盛戈皞.电力系统二级电压控制的新理论与新方法研究.华中科技大学.博士学位论文.2003.4
[24']刘明波,陈荃.二级电压控制对长期电压稳定性影响的仿真分析.湖南工业大学学报.2007.7
[25']孙元章,姚小寅,刘锋.二级电压控制对电力系统稳定性的影响.中国电机工程学报.2000.2
[26']范磊.提高电力系统电压稳定性的二次电压控制.硕士学位论文.南京.东南大学,1999.5
[27']郭庆来,孙宏斌,张伯明.协调二级电压控制的研究.电力系统自动化.2005,10
[28']盛戈皞,涂光瑜,罗毅,邻炜基于多Agent的二级电压控制系统.电力系统自动化2002
[29']何加坤,张庆安.用全面敏感度分析方法进行电力系统无功综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,1985,5(3):36-46
[30']刘明波,陈学军.电力系统无功优化的改进内点法[J].电力系统自动化,1998:33-36
[31']徐建亭,王秀英,李兴源.电力系统电压无功的序列二次规划算法[J].电力系统自动化.2001,25:4-8
[32']AOKI K,FAN M.A optimal VAR planning by approximation method for recursive mixed-integer linear programming[J].IEEE Trans on Power System,1988,3(4):1741-1747
[33']贾德香,唐国庆,韩净.基于改进模拟退火算法的电网无功优化.继电器,2004,32(4):32-35
[34']王洪章,熊信良,吴耀武.基于改进Tabu搜素算法的电力系统无功优化.电网技术,2002,26(1):15-18
[35']刘科研,盛万兴.基于改进免疫遗传算法的无功优化.电网技术.2007(31)13:11-16
[36']宁艳,钱科军,袁越.分布式发电对配电网的影响研究.
[37']戴育辉.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化.南昌大学硕士学位论文.2007,06
[38']苏琳.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化.西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2006
[39']陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.北京.机械工业出版社.1992.56-76