基于嵌入式系统的配电网络重构实验装置开发
摘要
配电网络重构是配电网络自动化研究中的一个热点问题,它主要通过改变分段开关、联络开关的组合状态,来达到改善网络运行结构、降低网络损耗、提高网络可靠性的目的。因此,搭建一个可用于实验配电网络重构算法以及模拟演示整个配电网络重构过程的实验平台,对于配电网络自动化的研究具有十分重要的意义。
实验装置采用模块化结构,整个装置的设计被划分为四个功能模块:模拟配电网络模块、嵌入式系统模块、数据采集模块以及重构执行模块。其中嵌入式系统模块以ARM+Linux的嵌入式系统为核心,主要用于接收网络潮流参数、运行配网重构算法以及发出重构指令;模拟配电网络模块是以IEEE配电网可靠性测试系统为模板制作的一个低压网络模型,用于模拟实际的配电网络;数据采集模块则以一块STC的单片机为中央处理器,用于采集网络潮流数据并将其提供给重构算法作为参数;重构执行模块的处理器则是一块Altera的FPGA,用于接收嵌入式系统模块输出的重构指令并执行。论文对各个模块的功能、原理及其具体实现方法进行了分析介绍,并就以故障停电用户数最少为目标函数的配电网络重构算法进行了研究实验。
最后,论文展示了实验结论,并就该系统未来需改进和发展的方向进行了展望。
Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) is a hot topic in the research on distribution network automation system which can improve the network running structure, reduce active loss, and increase network reliability by changing the combination states of section switches and contact switches. Consequently, it is meaningful to design a DNR experiment device on which we can practise the DNR algorithm research and simulate the whole process of reconfiguration.
The test bench is composed of four function modules: distribution network circuit simulation module, embedded system module, data acquisition module, and reconfiguration execution module. Among these modules the embedded system module, which is composed of S3C2410X microprocessor based on ARM920T core and Linux embedded operating system, is the center control module. Its main function is to receive the parameters from data acquisition module, run the DNR algorithm, and then output its operation result. The distribution network circuit simulation module is a low voltage distribution network based on IEEE-RBTS Bus2 and Bus 4.The data acquisition module centers about a STC MCU, and its main function is to get the parameters from the distribution network circuit simulation module and then send these parameters to the embedded system module. The reconfiguration execution module chooses a ALTERA FPGA as its processor to implement the order of reconfiguration. Then this paper introduces and analyzes the four function modules about their principle, function, the keys and difficulties about their design, and also develops a DNR algorithm and successfully realizes it on this test bench.
Finally, this paper shows the results of the experiment and the points to be improved and developed.
实验装置采用模块化结构,整个装置的设计被划分为四个功能模块:模拟配电网络模块、嵌入式系统模块、数据采集模块以及重构执行模块。其中嵌入式系统模块以ARM+Linux的嵌入式系统为核心,主要用于接收网络潮流参数、运行配网重构算法以及发出重构指令;模拟配电网络模块是以IEEE配电网可靠性测试系统为模板制作的一个低压网络模型,用于模拟实际的配电网络;数据采集模块则以一块STC的单片机为中央处理器,用于采集网络潮流数据并将其提供给重构算法作为参数;重构执行模块的处理器则是一块Altera的FPGA,用于接收嵌入式系统模块输出的重构指令并执行。论文对各个模块的功能、原理及其具体实现方法进行了分析介绍,并就以故障停电用户数最少为目标函数的配电网络重构算法进行了研究实验。
最后,论文展示了实验结论,并就该系统未来需改进和发展的方向进行了展望。
Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) is a hot topic in the research on distribution network automation system which can improve the network running structure, reduce active loss, and increase network reliability by changing the combination states of section switches and contact switches. Consequently, it is meaningful to design a DNR experiment device on which we can practise the DNR algorithm research and simulate the whole process of reconfiguration.
The test bench is composed of four function modules: distribution network circuit simulation module, embedded system module, data acquisition module, and reconfiguration execution module. Among these modules the embedded system module, which is composed of S3C2410X microprocessor based on ARM920T core and Linux embedded operating system, is the center control module. Its main function is to receive the parameters from data acquisition module, run the DNR algorithm, and then output its operation result. The distribution network circuit simulation module is a low voltage distribution network based on IEEE-RBTS Bus2 and Bus 4.The data acquisition module centers about a STC MCU, and its main function is to get the parameters from the distribution network circuit simulation module and then send these parameters to the embedded system module. The reconfiguration execution module chooses a ALTERA FPGA as its processor to implement the order of reconfiguration. Then this paper introduces and analyzes the four function modules about their principle, function, the keys and difficulties about their design, and also develops a DNR algorithm and successfully realizes it on this test bench.
Finally, this paper shows the results of the experiment and the points to be improved and developed.
引文
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[2]许克明,熊炜.配电网自动化系统.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2007,2-9
[3]Merlin A,Back H.Search for a Minimal-Loss Operating Spanning Tree for an Urban Power Distribution System.Proceedings of Fifth Power System Computation Conference.Cambridge.1975:2-6
[4]张大海,江世芳,赵建国.配电网重构研究的现状与展望.电力自动化设备,2002,22(2):75-82
[5]刘栋,陈允平,沈广,等.负荷随机性对网络计算和配电网重构的影响.电力系统自动化,2006,(30):25-28
[6]刘蔚,韩祯祥.基于时间区间的配电网重构.电力系统自动化,2006,(30):33-38
[7]Fan Ji Yuan,Zhang Lan,McDonald J D.Distribution Network Reconfiguration:Single Loop Optimization.IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1996,11(3):1643-1647
[8]Shirmohammadi D,Wayne Hong H.Reconfiguration of Electric Distribution Networks for Resistive Line Losses Reduction.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1492-1498
[9]韩学军,陈鹏,国新凤,等.基于潮流计算的配电网重构.电网技术,2007,(31):60-63
[10]车仁飞,李仁俊.一种大规模配电网实时重构新方法.电力系统自动化,2004,(28):59-63
[11]Civanlar S,Grainger J J,Yin H,et al.Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1988,3(3):1217-1223
[12]赵登福,刘云,周文华等.以能量损耗最小为目标函数的网络重构.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(8):16-19
[13]GOSWAMI S K,BASU S K.A New Algorithm for the Reconfiguration of Distribution Feeders for Loss Reduction.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1992,7(3):1484-1491
[14]毕鹏翔,刘健,张文元.以提高供电电压质量为目标的配网重构.电网技术,2002,26(2):41-43
[15]李海锋,张尧,钱国基,等.配电网故障恢复重构算法研究.电力系统自动 化,2001,(08):34-37
[16]贾立新.配电网故障恢复与网络重构方法研究:[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2003
[17]电力小站.配电网络重构.http://zxh20040410.home.sunbo.net/show_hdr.php?xname=4G1I701&dname=TEDEAUO&xpos=4
[18]探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经(第二版).北京:中国铁道出版社,2003,1-17
[19]周立功等.ARM与嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,3-167
[20]ARM Limited.ARM Architecture Reference Manual.ARM Limited,2000
[21]ARM Architecture Reference Manual.ARM Corp,2000
[22]陈俊宏.Embedded Linux嵌入式系统原理与实务.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,24-112
[23]RUBINIA,CORBETJ.Linux Device drivers.2th ed.Califomia,USA:O'Reilly Press,2001
[24]王卓,包洁.嵌入式Linux系统及其应用前景.单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2004,(5):5-9
[25]邹荣士,郭立红,司玉美,等.多通道串行通信设备的Linux驱动程序实现.吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(1):164-167
[26]魏永明,耿岳等.Linux编程宝典.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[27]Jean.Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ(第2版).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1-7
[28]李纪奎,向怀坤,胡泓,等.基于uCOS-Ⅱ的视频动态交通信息采集系统研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(2):306-309
[29]Labrosse J J.MicroC/OS-Ⅱ-The Real-time-Kernel(Second Edition).USA:CMP Book,2002
[30]罗毅,谭增显,吕跃刚,等.基于Win CE的控制系统优化整定仪的设计与开发.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):519-524
[31]Billinton Roy,Jonnavithula Satish.Test system for teaching overall power system reliability assessment.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(4):1670-1676
[32]Allan R N,Billinton R,Sjarief I,Goel L,So K S.A reliability test system for educational purposes-Basic distribution system data and results.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1991,6(2):813-820
[33]博创科技.UP-NETARM2410-S开发平台硬件说明书,2006
[34]S3C2410A User's Manual.Revision 1.0.Samsung Electronics Corp,2004
[35]S3C2410AApplication Note Revisionl.Samsung Electronics Corp,2004
[36]UP-NETARM2410-S实验指导书.博创科技,2006
[37]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.23-152
[38][美]Arnold Berger.嵌入式系统设计.电子工业出版社,2002.11-135
[39]慕春棣.嵌入式系统的构建.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.3-125
[40]Daniel P.Bovet,Marco cesati.Understanding Linux kernel,3rd Edition.USA:O′Reilly,2005
[41]梁丁,李迅波,蔡勇.应用中的嵌入式Linux实时优化.计算机工程,2007,33(1):77-79
[42]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南-基ARM9处理器.电子工业出版社,2005.3-175
[43]杜明芳.ARM&Linux架构下智能门禁控制器以太网接口开发.计算机工程,2007,33(16):234-236
[44]张金平,张定会,谢光伟,等.基于Linux下的ARM与DSP之间数据通信.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2056-2059
[45]李顶根,陈军,吴朝辉.基于ARM-Linux的车载信息平台的研制.浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(9):1531-1535
[46]张金平,张定会,谢光伟,等.基于Linux下的ARM与DSP之间数据通信.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2056-2059
[47]刘昌举,戴基智,龙再川,等.基于嵌入式Linux和S3C2410的远程CCD 图像采集系统.光电技术应用,2006,27(6):777-783
[48]马忠梅,李善平,康慨,叶楠.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.115-176
[49]Cyclone Ⅲ Device Handbook.www.altera.com,2007
[50]Configuration Handbook.www.altera.com,2007
[51]STCl2C5410AD系列单片机器件手册.www.MCU-Memory.com,2007
[52]李振然.利用富里叶变换实现微机自动准同期.继电器,1994(4):35~40
[53]陈小桥,周水斌,王先培,等.一种新的相位(差)算法及其在自动准同期中的应用.武汉大学学报(工学版),2003,6(36):9∞99
[54]Sun Jian,Jiang Dao-zhuo,Liu Zhi-hua.Modified power flow algorithm of distribution network based on forward/backward sweep method.Electric Power Automation Equipment,2004,24(3):81-84
[55]戴雯霞,吴捷.基于支路电流的配网潮流前推后代法.继电器,2002,30(5):6-8
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