配电网的线损理论计算及降损措施
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摘要
本文从陇南电力局的实际出发，较全面地讨论了电能损耗的计算问题、方法问题、管理问题以及各种降损措施的实现问题，介绍了许多很有价值的经验并提出了一些有效的改进措施，具体成果如下：
详细介绍了陇南电力局线损分析计算的现状及其存在的问题，从线损计算的数据收集、简化算法、计算软件的附加功能以及降损措施等各方面作了比较全面的分析，特别是在降损措施方面，从技术和管理两个方面提出了许多很有价值的建议，有助于陇南配电网络的改造、运行和管理。
在理论线损的计算方面，基于精确的配网潮流算法，充分利用实际系统可能获得的数据，提出了两种改进的理论线损计算方法，一种是按负荷月有功电量与功率因素及代表日的负荷曲线比例分配负荷，另一种是按负荷月有功电量与配变容量及代表日的整点负荷功率比例分配负荷，实际算例表明了算法的有效性。
在无功补偿的优化配置方面，提出了功率阻抗矩的新概念以及按等功率阻抗距确定无功补偿点位置的新方法，并结合节点的电压无功灵敏度系数以及无功优化的线性化方法，实现了配网无功优化的算法和模型，算例表明了方法的有效性。
基于本文提出的改进理论线损计算方法和配网无功优化方法，对陇南成县小川111线路的实际系统进行了仿真分析，其结论对于实际系统的改造、运行和管理有一定的参考价值。
This paper roundly discusses the calculation, methods, management of
electric power losses and the compliment of various solutions of deducing
power losses from the practice of LongNan electric power company. Several
valuable experiences are introduced and some effective improved solutions are
presented.
The status in quo and the problems of the analysis and calculation of losses
in LongNan electric power company is introduced in detail. It analyzed in the
round from the sides of data gathering, arithmetic simplifying, additional
function of software, the solution of deducing loss, and so on. Especial in the
side of deducing loss, lots of valuable suggestions are brought forward which
help to the rebuilding, operation and management of the LngNan distribution
network both from technical and managing views.
On the side of theory losses, this paper brings up two improved methods to
calculate theory losses based on the accurate distribution loadflow arithmetic.
The one is to distribute load according to the monthly quantity of active load
electricity, the power factor and the load curve of representative day. The other is
to distribute according to the monthly quantity of active load electricity, the
transformer capacity and the load curve of representative day. It proved that the
arithmetic is valid.
On the side of optimizing reactive compensation, a new concept of
power-impedance quadrature and a new method of determining the points of
reactive compensation according to power-impedance quadratures are presented.
Combined with the bus voltage-reactive sensitive coefficients and the linear
arithmetic of reactive optimization, the arithmetic and model of distribution
network reactive optimization are achieved. It proved that the arithmetic is
valid by the example.
Based on the arithmetic of theory losses and distribution network reactive
power optimization, simulation analysis is putted up on the practice system of
Line 111, ChengXian,LongNan, the conclusion can be a reference to the
rebuilding, operation and managing of practice system.
详细介绍了陇南电力局线损分析计算的现状及其存在的问题，从线损计算的数据收集、简化算法、计算软件的附加功能以及降损措施等各方面作了比较全面的分析，特别是在降损措施方面，从技术和管理两个方面提出了许多很有价值的建议，有助于陇南配电网络的改造、运行和管理。
在理论线损的计算方面，基于精确的配网潮流算法，充分利用实际系统可能获得的数据，提出了两种改进的理论线损计算方法，一种是按负荷月有功电量与功率因素及代表日的负荷曲线比例分配负荷，另一种是按负荷月有功电量与配变容量及代表日的整点负荷功率比例分配负荷，实际算例表明了算法的有效性。
在无功补偿的优化配置方面，提出了功率阻抗矩的新概念以及按等功率阻抗距确定无功补偿点位置的新方法，并结合节点的电压无功灵敏度系数以及无功优化的线性化方法，实现了配网无功优化的算法和模型，算例表明了方法的有效性。
基于本文提出的改进理论线损计算方法和配网无功优化方法，对陇南成县小川111线路的实际系统进行了仿真分析，其结论对于实际系统的改造、运行和管理有一定的参考价值。
This paper roundly discusses the calculation, methods, management of
electric power losses and the compliment of various solutions of deducing
power losses from the practice of LongNan electric power company. Several
valuable experiences are introduced and some effective improved solutions are
presented.
The status in quo and the problems of the analysis and calculation of losses
in LongNan electric power company is introduced in detail. It analyzed in the
round from the sides of data gathering, arithmetic simplifying, additional
function of software, the solution of deducing loss, and so on. Especial in the
side of deducing loss, lots of valuable suggestions are brought forward which
help to the rebuilding, operation and management of the LngNan distribution
network both from technical and managing views.
On the side of theory losses, this paper brings up two improved methods to
calculate theory losses based on the accurate distribution loadflow arithmetic.
The one is to distribute load according to the monthly quantity of active load
electricity, the power factor and the load curve of representative day. The other is
to distribute according to the monthly quantity of active load electricity, the
transformer capacity and the load curve of representative day. It proved that the
arithmetic is valid.
On the side of optimizing reactive compensation, a new concept of
power-impedance quadrature and a new method of determining the points of
reactive compensation according to power-impedance quadratures are presented.
Combined with the bus voltage-reactive sensitive coefficients and the linear
arithmetic of reactive optimization, the arithmetic and model of distribution
network reactive optimization are achieved. It proved that the arithmetic is
valid by the example.
Based on the arithmetic of theory losses and distribution network reactive
power optimization, simulation analysis is putted up on the practice system of
Line 111, ChengXian,LongNan, the conclusion can be a reference to the
rebuilding, operation and managing of practice system.
引文
[1] 丁心海，罗毅芳，刘巍，施流忠 配电网线损理论计算的实用方法—改进迭代法 电网技术 2000(6)：P39-42
[2] 鄢长春，张焰，陈章潮，蓝毓俊，陈芯蕊 配电网网损计算的新方法的研究 中国电力，1999(2)：P38-40
[3] 陈星莺，廖迎晨，单渊达，虞忠年，江卫中 配电网络及低压配电台区理论线损计算 电工技术 2000(11)，P14-15；2000(12)：P13-14
[4] 宋文南，张双瑞，王勇，苏宏田 用于降低配电网络损耗的配电网重构算法 电网技术 24(10)：P45-49
[5] 何报杏 采用负载中心供电法降低线路损耗 节能技术：P7-9
[6] 丁心海，罗毅芳，刘巍，施流忠 改进配电网线损计算方法的几点建议 电力系统自动化，25(13)：P57-60
[7] 顾洁，陈章潮，徐蓓 一种新的配电网潮流算法——改进牛顿—拉夫逊法 华东电力 2000(5)：p10-12
[8] 任谦 售电量变化对线损的影响 华东电力 2000(8)：p26-28
[9] 徐先勇，王正风 电力系统无功功率负荷的最佳补偿容量 华东电力1999(6)：p35-38
[10] 王俊敏，张骞 低压线损理论计算程序与使用效果 河北电力技术2000(5)：P26-27
[11] 王涛 关于无功补偿降损及经济效益分析的有效计算 中国电力1999(9)：p53-54
[12] 王春生，彭建春，卜永红 配电网线损分析与管理系统的研制 中国电力 1999(9)：p48-50
[13] 赵令骥 浅谈农村380/220V系统运行的功率因数 电工技术 2000(3)：P51-52
[14] 朱林霞 电网规划设计中导线经济电流密度的再确定 电工技术2000(4)：P11-12
[15] 刘新东 如何确定10KV线路分散补偿电容器容量及安装位置 电工技术 2000(2)：P7-8
[16] 易丹 遗传算法用于无功优化的改进 华东电力 2000(2)：p45-46
[17] 陈海昆 电力系统电容电流的测量与补偿 华东电力 2000(3)：p25-27
[18] Ray D.Zimmerman, Hsiao-Dong Chiang ast Decoupled Power Flow for Unbalanced Radial Distribution Systems IEEE Trans. on PWRS
Vol.10,No.4,November 1995． 2045-2052
[19] D.Shirmohammadi,H.W.Hong,A-Semluen Compensation-based Power Flow Method For Weakly Meshed Distribution And Transmission Networks IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol.3,No.2． May 1988． 753-762
[20] CarolS.Cheng,Dariush Shirmo hammadi Three-Phase Power Flow Method ForReal-Time Distribution System Analysis IEEE Transactions on Power System,Vol. 10,No.2,May 1995． 671-679
[21] Dragoslav Rajicic,Risto Ackovski, Rubin Taleski oltage Correction Power Flow IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.9,No.2,April 1994． 1056-1062
[22] G.X.Luo,A.Semlyen fficient Load Flow For Large Weakly Meshed Networks IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.5,No.4,November 1990． 1309-1316
[23] C.N.Macqueen,M.R.Irving"An Algorithm for The Allocation of Distribution System Demand and Energy Losses IEEE Transactions on Power System,Vol. 11 ,No. 1, February 1996． 338-343
[24] Mamardar K R C.Chenoweth R.D.Optimal Control of Reactive Power Flow for Improvements in Voltage Profile and Real Power Loss Minimization.IEEE.Trans. 1981,100:3185-3194
[25] Zhang F,Cheng C S.A modified Newton method for radial distribution system power flow analysis [J].IEEE Trans on Power System, 1997． 12(1) .
[26] Lin W M.Chin H C,A new approach for distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction and service restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1998,3
[27] Ramanathan R. Dynamic Load Flow Technique of Power System.IEE PWR, 1996,1(3)
[28] Ramanathan R. Comparison of Alternative Forms of dynamic Load Flow Methods for Power System Simulater.IFAC Symposinm on Power System Control.Beijing China, 1996
[29] Shirrmohamrnadi D,Hong H W ,Yen A S et al. A compensation-based power flow method for weekly meshed distribution and transmission networks[J].IEEE PWRS, 1988,3(2) .
[30] Luo G X ,Semlyen A. Efficient load flow for large weekly meshed networks[J].IEEE PWRS, 1990,5(4) .
[31] Mamandur K R C, Chenweth R D. Optimal control of reactive power flow for improvements in voltage profiles and for real powerloss
minimization. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1981, 100(7): 3185～3193
[32] 程浩忠等．城市电网发展规划方案的无功优化配置与分析．电网技术，1997，21(10)：41～43
[33] Burchett R C, Happ H H, Vierath D R, etal. Developments in optimal power flow. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1982, 101 (2): 406～413
[34] Victor A. L eval and Dragan S. Popovic Integrated Ivlethodology for Transmission and Power Planning. IEEE Transaction on Power Planning. Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996
[35] N. H. Danachi, M. J. Rawlins etc. OPF for Reactive Study on the NGC Syste. IEEE Transaction on Power System. Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996
[2] 鄢长春，张焰，陈章潮，蓝毓俊，陈芯蕊 配电网网损计算的新方法的研究 中国电力，1999(2)：P38-40
[3] 陈星莺，廖迎晨，单渊达，虞忠年，江卫中 配电网络及低压配电台区理论线损计算 电工技术 2000(11)，P14-15；2000(12)：P13-14
[4] 宋文南，张双瑞，王勇，苏宏田 用于降低配电网络损耗的配电网重构算法 电网技术 24(10)：P45-49
[5] 何报杏 采用负载中心供电法降低线路损耗 节能技术：P7-9
[6] 丁心海，罗毅芳，刘巍，施流忠 改进配电网线损计算方法的几点建议 电力系统自动化，25(13)：P57-60
[7] 顾洁，陈章潮，徐蓓 一种新的配电网潮流算法——改进牛顿—拉夫逊法 华东电力 2000(5)：p10-12
[8] 任谦 售电量变化对线损的影响 华东电力 2000(8)：p26-28
[9] 徐先勇，王正风 电力系统无功功率负荷的最佳补偿容量 华东电力1999(6)：p35-38
[10] 王俊敏，张骞 低压线损理论计算程序与使用效果 河北电力技术2000(5)：P26-27
[11] 王涛 关于无功补偿降损及经济效益分析的有效计算 中国电力1999(9)：p53-54
[12] 王春生，彭建春，卜永红 配电网线损分析与管理系统的研制 中国电力 1999(9)：p48-50
[13] 赵令骥 浅谈农村380/220V系统运行的功率因数 电工技术 2000(3)：P51-52
[14] 朱林霞 电网规划设计中导线经济电流密度的再确定 电工技术2000(4)：P11-12
[15] 刘新东 如何确定10KV线路分散补偿电容器容量及安装位置 电工技术 2000(2)：P7-8
[16] 易丹 遗传算法用于无功优化的改进 华东电力 2000(2)：p45-46
[17] 陈海昆 电力系统电容电流的测量与补偿 华东电力 2000(3)：p25-27
[18] Ray D.Zimmerman, Hsiao-Dong Chiang ast Decoupled Power Flow for Unbalanced Radial Distribution Systems IEEE Trans. on PWRS
Vol.10,No.4,November 1995． 2045-2052
[19] D.Shirmohammadi,H.W.Hong,A-Semluen Compensation-based Power Flow Method For Weakly Meshed Distribution And Transmission Networks IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol.3,No.2． May 1988． 753-762
[20] CarolS.Cheng,Dariush Shirmo hammadi Three-Phase Power Flow Method ForReal-Time Distribution System Analysis IEEE Transactions on Power System,Vol. 10,No.2,May 1995． 671-679
[21] Dragoslav Rajicic,Risto Ackovski, Rubin Taleski oltage Correction Power Flow IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.9,No.2,April 1994． 1056-1062
[22] G.X.Luo,A.Semlyen fficient Load Flow For Large Weakly Meshed Networks IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.5,No.4,November 1990． 1309-1316
[23] C.N.Macqueen,M.R.Irving"An Algorithm for The Allocation of Distribution System Demand and Energy Losses IEEE Transactions on Power System,Vol. 11 ,No. 1, February 1996． 338-343
[24] Mamardar K R C.Chenoweth R.D.Optimal Control of Reactive Power Flow for Improvements in Voltage Profile and Real Power Loss Minimization.IEEE.Trans. 1981,100:3185-3194
[25] Zhang F,Cheng C S.A modified Newton method for radial distribution system power flow analysis [J].IEEE Trans on Power System, 1997． 12(1) .
[26] Lin W M.Chin H C,A new approach for distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction and service restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1998,3
[27] Ramanathan R. Dynamic Load Flow Technique of Power System.IEE PWR, 1996,1(3)
[28] Ramanathan R. Comparison of Alternative Forms of dynamic Load Flow Methods for Power System Simulater.IFAC Symposinm on Power System Control.Beijing China, 1996
[29] Shirrmohamrnadi D,Hong H W ,Yen A S et al. A compensation-based power flow method for weekly meshed distribution and transmission networks[J].IEEE PWRS, 1988,3(2) .
[30] Luo G X ,Semlyen A. Efficient load flow for large weekly meshed networks[J].IEEE PWRS, 1990,5(4) .
[31] Mamandur K R C, Chenweth R D. Optimal control of reactive power flow for improvements in voltage profiles and for real powerloss
minimization. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1981, 100(7): 3185～3193
[32] 程浩忠等．城市电网发展规划方案的无功优化配置与分析．电网技术，1997，21(10)：41～43
[33] Burchett R C, Happ H H, Vierath D R, etal. Developments in optimal power flow. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1982, 101 (2): 406～413
[34] Victor A. L eval and Dragan S. Popovic Integrated Ivlethodology for Transmission and Power Planning. IEEE Transaction on Power Planning. Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996
[35] N. H. Danachi, M. J. Rawlins etc. OPF for Reactive Study on the NGC Syste. IEEE Transaction on Power System. Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996