网络并行电法在覆岩破坏动态监测中的应用
|
摘要
煤层开采过程中上覆岩层的变形和破坏对矿井安全高效生产带来严重的影响,岩体破坏形成的导水裂隙带高度是矿井水害防治重要的技术参数。目前,获得覆岩破坏高度值的技术方法以地面探测和数值模拟为主,井下有效的测试技术方法相对较少。本论文以直流电法成像技术为基础,利用自主研发的并行网络电法采集技术,重点围绕工作面煤层开采过程中覆岩破坏问题开展研究,努力形成井下动态监测方法,为煤矿安全生产提供有效的技术保障服务。
结合网络并行电法数据采集特点,论文针对矿井工作面采厚及地质条件不同,在工作面顶板中设计相应的监测钻孔深度、倾角和电极数量建立动态观测系统,监测顶板破坏情况。论文主要对电法数据处理进行了研究:自然电位法分析采煤过程中自然电位变化情况;一次场激励电流法分析供电电流在采煤过程中供电电流的变化情况;电阻率法反演技术分析采煤过程中视电阻率变化情况。利用以上三种方法数据处理结果,综合分析煤层开采过程中上覆岩体破坏发展规律。
通过在祁南煤矿342工作面和许疃煤矿3432工作面观测孔现场应用,所得成果为:随着回采工作面不断向监测点推进,自然电位值由升高—降低—升高的变化趋势,电极电位值变化集中的拐点可以做为覆岩体破坏异常区域范围边界;一次场激励电流值由升高—降低—升高的变化趋势,显示了上覆岩体破裂、有导水通道连通和碎石压实的过程,电极电流值变化集中拐点可以判断异常区域范围边界;视电阻率值在采空区上方升高的范围不断扩大,局部区域电阻率值甚至是背景值的上千倍,离层、超前影响带、冒落带和裂隙带发育直观。该方法可以直观地动态监测裂隙带的发育形态以及采动矿压的显现规律,并与井下回采实际验证和其他探测方法资料对比所得结果基本吻合。论文同时也指出了网络并行电法数据处理中存在问题及今后的研究方向。
The deformation of overburden strata of mining face caused by coal mining bring Serious impact on the mine efficient production, and the height of a permeable fracture zone caused by rock mass destruction is the important technical parameter of coalmine water disaster’s prophylaxis and treatment. Presently, technology obtaining the height of overburden deformation is ground location and numerical simulation, and testing technology underground is relatively less. This paper bases on the theory of electrical imaging technology , the main reasearch was about how to detect overburden failure during the coal face by using network parallel electrical method acquisition technology to supply effective technology indemnification serve for coalmine safe production.
Paper had been builed survelliance systems acconding to difference kinds of geology condition and coal face thickly, it designed on the uppper plate to depth,dip angle and electrode quantity in coal face and constructed dynamic observing ststem for monitoring overburden failure condition. The paper main reasearched about how to data processe : in natural electric potential method analysis coal mining process, natural electric potential changes condition; one time of field excitations electric current follows analytical current supply electric current in the voltaic change condition supplying electricity in coal mining process; the resistivity method backcalculation technology analyses coal mining process Central resistivity change condition. Comprehensive analysis coal seam had exploited rock mass destroying the development law by using all above three kinds method data handling result.
The method had applied to the fact that 342 face of Qi Nan coal mine and the 3432 face of Xu tuan coal mine ,the gains conclusion :Working face had moved forward to monitoring point unceasingly, natural electric potential value had reduced change trend rising from the power-up , all together point of inflection of electrode electric potential value change can do the border destroying abnormal area range for covering a rock mass;A field excitation electric current value had reduced the change trend rising from the power-up , it had demonstrated the process going ahead covering a rock mass breaking ,that it had been leading water passage connection and the breakstone compaction, all together point of inflection of electrode electric current value change can judge for abnormal area range border; Apparent resistivity value had expanded unceasingly in the range rising above goaf, part area resistivity value was worth background of resistivity thousandfold even .Bed separation, leading infection, caving zone and fractured zone had been developmented significantly. The methon had turn to be able to the dynamic monitoring the simultaneous growth of crack form manifesting law as well as the spirit moves ore pressure's penetrating, backstoping reality verifies and sounds other method data contrast with in the pit, the gains conclusion basically identical. The paper haved pointed out at the same time data processing of network parallel electrical method naturally problem and researched direction in future.
结合网络并行电法数据采集特点,论文针对矿井工作面采厚及地质条件不同,在工作面顶板中设计相应的监测钻孔深度、倾角和电极数量建立动态观测系统,监测顶板破坏情况。论文主要对电法数据处理进行了研究:自然电位法分析采煤过程中自然电位变化情况;一次场激励电流法分析供电电流在采煤过程中供电电流的变化情况;电阻率法反演技术分析采煤过程中视电阻率变化情况。利用以上三种方法数据处理结果,综合分析煤层开采过程中上覆岩体破坏发展规律。
通过在祁南煤矿342工作面和许疃煤矿3432工作面观测孔现场应用,所得成果为:随着回采工作面不断向监测点推进,自然电位值由升高—降低—升高的变化趋势,电极电位值变化集中的拐点可以做为覆岩体破坏异常区域范围边界;一次场激励电流值由升高—降低—升高的变化趋势,显示了上覆岩体破裂、有导水通道连通和碎石压实的过程,电极电流值变化集中拐点可以判断异常区域范围边界;视电阻率值在采空区上方升高的范围不断扩大,局部区域电阻率值甚至是背景值的上千倍,离层、超前影响带、冒落带和裂隙带发育直观。该方法可以直观地动态监测裂隙带的发育形态以及采动矿压的显现规律,并与井下回采实际验证和其他探测方法资料对比所得结果基本吻合。论文同时也指出了网络并行电法数据处理中存在问题及今后的研究方向。
The deformation of overburden strata of mining face caused by coal mining bring Serious impact on the mine efficient production, and the height of a permeable fracture zone caused by rock mass destruction is the important technical parameter of coalmine water disaster’s prophylaxis and treatment. Presently, technology obtaining the height of overburden deformation is ground location and numerical simulation, and testing technology underground is relatively less. This paper bases on the theory of electrical imaging technology , the main reasearch was about how to detect overburden failure during the coal face by using network parallel electrical method acquisition technology to supply effective technology indemnification serve for coalmine safe production.
Paper had been builed survelliance systems acconding to difference kinds of geology condition and coal face thickly, it designed on the uppper plate to depth,dip angle and electrode quantity in coal face and constructed dynamic observing ststem for monitoring overburden failure condition. The paper main reasearched about how to data processe : in natural electric potential method analysis coal mining process, natural electric potential changes condition; one time of field excitations electric current follows analytical current supply electric current in the voltaic change condition supplying electricity in coal mining process; the resistivity method backcalculation technology analyses coal mining process Central resistivity change condition. Comprehensive analysis coal seam had exploited rock mass destroying the development law by using all above three kinds method data handling result.
The method had applied to the fact that 342 face of Qi Nan coal mine and the 3432 face of Xu tuan coal mine ,the gains conclusion :Working face had moved forward to monitoring point unceasingly, natural electric potential value had reduced change trend rising from the power-up , all together point of inflection of electrode electric potential value change can do the border destroying abnormal area range for covering a rock mass;A field excitation electric current value had reduced the change trend rising from the power-up , it had demonstrated the process going ahead covering a rock mass breaking ,that it had been leading water passage connection and the breakstone compaction, all together point of inflection of electrode electric current value change can judge for abnormal area range border; Apparent resistivity value had expanded unceasingly in the range rising above goaf, part area resistivity value was worth background of resistivity thousandfold even .Bed separation, leading infection, caving zone and fractured zone had been developmented significantly. The methon had turn to be able to the dynamic monitoring the simultaneous growth of crack form manifesting law as well as the spirit moves ore pressure's penetrating, backstoping reality verifies and sounds other method data contrast with in the pit, the gains conclusion basically identical. The paper haved pointed out at the same time data processing of network parallel electrical method naturally problem and researched direction in future.
引文
[l]中华人民共和国国家煤炭工业局制定.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程北京:煤炭工业出版社[M],2000
[2]刘盛东,吴荣新,张平松.高密度电阻率法观测煤层上覆岩层破坏[J].《煤炭科学技术》01(4); Vol.29 No.4;P18～22
[3]高延法,岩移“四带”模型与动态位移及分析[J],煤炭学报,1996,2,P51～56
[4]张玉卓,徐乃忠.地表沉陷控制新技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[5]梁运培,文光才.顶板岩层“三带”划分的综合分析法[J].煤炭科学技术,200,28(5):
[6]宋振骇等,实用矿山压力控制,中国矿业大学出版社,1989
[7]何国清,杨伦,凌庚娣等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[8]徐乃忠,张玉卓,采动离层充填减沉理论与实践北京[M]:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[9]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层采动裂隙分布在绿色开采中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004 ,3 3(2 0) :141～14.
[10]任奋华,采空区覆岩破坏高度预测研究[D].学位论文.北京科技大学,2005
[11] Mallat s. A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation[J],IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intellgence. 1989,11(7):674～693
[12] [苏]C.T.阿威尔辛,煤矿地下开采得岩层移动[M],煤炭工业出版社,1959.12
[13]吴士良,对采场矿山压力有明显影响的覆岩破坏运动演化规律[D],山东科技大学,2002
[14]梁海波,FLAC程序及其在我国水电工程中的应用[J].岩石学与工程学报,1996,15(3)320～323
[15]张改玲,蔡荣等,开采覆岩破坏工程地质力学模型试验研究[J].中国煤田地质.2003(5):34～36
[16]李卫东,王连富,李功.采场覆岩破坏高度实测研究[J].煤炭科学技术.2005(2)22～23
[17]童培国,王立才等.邱集煤矿7煤覆岩破坏规律探测研究[J].山东煤炭科技.2005(3):64～65
[18]张玉军,康永华.覆岩破坏规律探测技术的发展及评价[J],煤矿开采.2005(2):10～12
[19]王建华,声波测井技术综述[J].工程地球物理学报.2006,3(5):395～400.
[20]张华兴,张刚艳,徐艳春.覆岩破坏裂隙探测技术的新发展[J],煤炭科学技术.2005(9):60～62
[21]程久龙,于师建.覆岩变形破坏电阻率响应特征的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报.2000,43(5):699～706.
[22]韩国东,杨永杰,张兴民.华丰矿采场顶板破裂位置实时微地震监测技术研究[J],安全与环境学报,2006,7(增):81～83
[23]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981,12
[24]李华炜,侯志鹰,王玉民.塔山井田石炭纪3煤层首采区突水危险性分析[J].煤炭科学技术.2005(7):74～76
[25]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术的研究与实践明[J].能源技术与管理,2004,
[26]李建楼,煤层开采覆岩破坏的综合物探技术[D].硕士论文.安徽理工大学,2006
[27]Luo x,Hatherly P, Mckavanagh B. Microseismic monitoring of longwall caving processes at Gordonstone Mine Australia[A].In Advances in Rock Mechanics[C].Word Scientifie Publishing Co.PteLtd,1998.67～79.
[28]程久龙,王玉和,于师建等.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理与应用[ J ].煤田地质与勘探, 2000 (4) .
[29]傅良魁主编:电法勘探教程,地质出版社,1983
[30]李金铭,电法勘探发展概况,物探化探,第20卷,第四期,1996,P250～255
[31]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的发展与应用.地学前缘.2003(1):171～176
[32]阎述,陈明生.高分辨地电阻率法探测地下洞体[M ].北京:地质出版社, 1996.
[33]李建楼,刘盛东,张平松等.并行网络电法在煤层覆岩破坏监测中的应用[J].煤田地质勘探.2008(4):61～64
[34]曹煜.并行直流电法成像技术研究[D].硕士论文.安徽理工大学.2008
[35]刘盛东,吴荣新,胡水根,等.网络分布式并行电法勘探系统[C]中国地球物理2006,第22届年会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006:251–251
[36]刘盛东,刘士刚,张平松,等.网络并行电法仪与稳态电法勘探方向[J].中国科技成果,2007,7(24):31–36
[37]王志勇.矿井直流电法三维有限差分算法研究[R].中国矿业大学,2001
[38]底青云,王妙月.高密度电阻率成像.地球物理进展.2003(2):323～326
[39] Shima,H.2-D and 3-D resistivity image recostruction using alpha centers[J]. Geophysics,1992,57(10):1270~1281.
[40]Zhang,J,Mackie,R L and Madden,T R. Three-dimensional resistivity forward modeling and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics,1995, 60(5):1313~1325.
[41]王兴泰,李晓芹.电阻率图像重建的佐迪(Zohdy)反演及其应用效果[J].物探与化探.1996,
[42]岳建华,刘树才.矿井直流电法勘探.江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[43]李志聃,柳树才,岳建华.煤田电法勘探数字解释基础[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995
[44]郑晓亮,刘盛东.基于双处理器的并行采集网络电法仪器的设计[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(4):85–88
[45]龙海丽.岩石破裂过程的自电位异常的研究[D].硕士论文.中国地震局地球物理研究所,2003
[46]田贵发等.应用自然电位测井解释鱼卡煤田含水层[J].中国煤田地质.2007(2):71～73.
[47] Dabas,M.,et.al. 3-D inversion in subsurface electric surveying-Ⅰ:Theory[J]. Geophys. J. Int., 1994, 119 975~990.
[48] Li Y&Oldenberg D W.Approximate inverse mappings in DC problems[J]. Geophys. J. Int., 1992,109:343~362.
[49]冯锐,李晓芹.电阻率层析成像用于水文地质勘探[J].江苏煤炭.1997(6):655～663
[2]刘盛东,吴荣新,张平松.高密度电阻率法观测煤层上覆岩层破坏[J].《煤炭科学技术》01(4); Vol.29 No.4;P18～22
[3]高延法,岩移“四带”模型与动态位移及分析[J],煤炭学报,1996,2,P51～56
[4]张玉卓,徐乃忠.地表沉陷控制新技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[5]梁运培,文光才.顶板岩层“三带”划分的综合分析法[J].煤炭科学技术,200,28(5):
[6]宋振骇等,实用矿山压力控制,中国矿业大学出版社,1989
[7]何国清,杨伦,凌庚娣等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[8]徐乃忠,张玉卓,采动离层充填减沉理论与实践北京[M]:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[9]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层采动裂隙分布在绿色开采中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004 ,3 3(2 0) :141～14.
[10]任奋华,采空区覆岩破坏高度预测研究[D].学位论文.北京科技大学,2005
[11] Mallat s. A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation[J],IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intellgence. 1989,11(7):674～693
[12] [苏]C.T.阿威尔辛,煤矿地下开采得岩层移动[M],煤炭工业出版社,1959.12
[13]吴士良,对采场矿山压力有明显影响的覆岩破坏运动演化规律[D],山东科技大学,2002
[14]梁海波,FLAC程序及其在我国水电工程中的应用[J].岩石学与工程学报,1996,15(3)320～323
[15]张改玲,蔡荣等,开采覆岩破坏工程地质力学模型试验研究[J].中国煤田地质.2003(5):34～36
[16]李卫东,王连富,李功.采场覆岩破坏高度实测研究[J].煤炭科学技术.2005(2)22～23
[17]童培国,王立才等.邱集煤矿7煤覆岩破坏规律探测研究[J].山东煤炭科技.2005(3):64～65
[18]张玉军,康永华.覆岩破坏规律探测技术的发展及评价[J],煤矿开采.2005(2):10～12
[19]王建华,声波测井技术综述[J].工程地球物理学报.2006,3(5):395～400.
[20]张华兴,张刚艳,徐艳春.覆岩破坏裂隙探测技术的新发展[J],煤炭科学技术.2005(9):60～62
[21]程久龙,于师建.覆岩变形破坏电阻率响应特征的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报.2000,43(5):699～706.
[22]韩国东,杨永杰,张兴民.华丰矿采场顶板破裂位置实时微地震监测技术研究[J],安全与环境学报,2006,7(增):81～83
[23]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981,12
[24]李华炜,侯志鹰,王玉民.塔山井田石炭纪3煤层首采区突水危险性分析[J].煤炭科学技术.2005(7):74～76
[25]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术的研究与实践明[J].能源技术与管理,2004,
[26]李建楼,煤层开采覆岩破坏的综合物探技术[D].硕士论文.安徽理工大学,2006
[27]Luo x,Hatherly P, Mckavanagh B. Microseismic monitoring of longwall caving processes at Gordonstone Mine Australia[A].In Advances in Rock Mechanics[C].Word Scientifie Publishing Co.PteLtd,1998.67～79.
[28]程久龙,王玉和,于师建等.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理与应用[ J ].煤田地质与勘探, 2000 (4) .
[29]傅良魁主编:电法勘探教程,地质出版社,1983
[30]李金铭,电法勘探发展概况,物探化探,第20卷,第四期,1996,P250～255
[31]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的发展与应用.地学前缘.2003(1):171～176
[32]阎述,陈明生.高分辨地电阻率法探测地下洞体[M ].北京:地质出版社, 1996.
[33]李建楼,刘盛东,张平松等.并行网络电法在煤层覆岩破坏监测中的应用[J].煤田地质勘探.2008(4):61～64
[34]曹煜.并行直流电法成像技术研究[D].硕士论文.安徽理工大学.2008
[35]刘盛东,吴荣新,胡水根,等.网络分布式并行电法勘探系统[C]中国地球物理2006,第22届年会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006:251–251
[36]刘盛东,刘士刚,张平松,等.网络并行电法仪与稳态电法勘探方向[J].中国科技成果,2007,7(24):31–36
[37]王志勇.矿井直流电法三维有限差分算法研究[R].中国矿业大学,2001
[38]底青云,王妙月.高密度电阻率成像.地球物理进展.2003(2):323～326
[39] Shima,H.2-D and 3-D resistivity image recostruction using alpha centers[J]. Geophysics,1992,57(10):1270~1281.
[40]Zhang,J,Mackie,R L and Madden,T R. Three-dimensional resistivity forward modeling and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics,1995, 60(5):1313~1325.
[41]王兴泰,李晓芹.电阻率图像重建的佐迪(Zohdy)反演及其应用效果[J].物探与化探.1996,
[42]岳建华,刘树才.矿井直流电法勘探.江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[43]李志聃,柳树才,岳建华.煤田电法勘探数字解释基础[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995
[44]郑晓亮,刘盛东.基于双处理器的并行采集网络电法仪器的设计[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(4):85–88
[45]龙海丽.岩石破裂过程的自电位异常的研究[D].硕士论文.中国地震局地球物理研究所,2003
[46]田贵发等.应用自然电位测井解释鱼卡煤田含水层[J].中国煤田地质.2007(2):71～73.
[47] Dabas,M.,et.al. 3-D inversion in subsurface electric surveying-Ⅰ:Theory[J]. Geophys. J. Int., 1994, 119 975~990.
[48] Li Y&Oldenberg D W.Approximate inverse mappings in DC problems[J]. Geophys. J. Int., 1992,109:343~362.
[49]冯锐,李晓芹.电阻率层析成像用于水文地质勘探[J].江苏煤炭.1997(6):655～663