基于Internet的嵌入式系统开发与管理研究
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摘要
现代信息技术的高速发展给各行各业带来了变革。“金税工程”就是国家税务总局适应发展形势建设的税收信息管理系统工程，目的是要依托现代网络、通信技术，加强对增值税专用发票的管理和监控；要推广使用“税控收款机”，逐步取代传统电子收款机等商业销售终端；采用更加先进的电子信息技术，用“电子发票”和带防伪标识的机器打印发票取代传统手工开具的发票，杜绝发票造假，进而逐步实现税务电子化。随着Internet技术的发展，越来越多的企业(集团)利用网络平台交流信息和共享资源，进行各种电子商务。对于商业企业，商业管理自动化、信息化成为发展的必然趋势。谁能够及时把握进、销、存等各种商业信息，实现资源和信息的充分共享，谁就能够抢占市场先机，在激烈的商业竞争中处于不败之地。因此，众多商业企业(集团)迫切需要改进他们的传统商业销售终端(POS，Point of Sales)及其管理系统。
本文的项目正是在这样的背景下产生，采用先进的嵌入式技术、通信网络技术，设计了一种新型的商业销售终端，以及基于Internet的终端管理系统、增值业务系统。本文研制的新型商业销售终端，既是一个符合国家标准的“税控收款机”，满足“金税工程”的税控需求；又有许多扩展功能，可以胜任现代各种复杂的“POS系统”中收款机和智能型终端的角色。设计的网络运行与管理系统，是一个先进的、高效的、低成本的企业信息化平台方案，完全满足现代商业自动化的需求。
本文主要完成了如下几方面的工作：
1．新型商业终端设计：创新的采用32位MCU，结合嵌入式实时操作系统(RTOS)的设计方案，兼具功能和成本的双重优势。
2．终端管理系统设计：成功实现了嵌入式系统的网络接入，建立起基于Internet的网络管理系统，满足税务部门税务征收和稽查的功能，率先实现网络报税，实现真正的“税收电子化”。并且采用自行设计应用层，并通过加密算法和增加双重身分认证等手段，充分保证数据的安全性。
3．综合业务管理系统设计：综合采用两层和多层结构模型，融合C／S与B／S两种模式的优点，充分满足商业企业(集团)、行业应用的需求。
4．增值业务平台设计：为商业企业实现充分资源与信息共享，达到互惠互利而设计的信息化平台，甚至可以实现不同企业、不同行业的“虚拟连锁”，这是一个大胆的创新设计。
The high-speed development of modern information technology brings profound change to every industry. "Golden Tax Project" is the generalized name of Tax Information Management System Project, which is erected by China State administration of Taxation. The destined intention of this project is to erect a computer network, through which we not only can share information, but also can strengthen the management and monitor of added-valued invoices all over the country. Moreover, it initiates the working principle of "control taxation by invoice" . The first step we should take is settling the anti-counterfeiting of invoice itself. Traditionally, its anti-counterfeiting depends on particular paper and special print technology, which can be mocked easily with the print technology development. In addition, the cost of traditional anti-counterfeiting is very high. We need a reliable system with high efficient and low cost. So comes the Gold Tax Project. Firstly, Tax Controlled Cash Register is introduced into
this project and they will replace the electronic registers that are used now. This new register adopts advanced electronic technology, which can produce Electronic Invoice. At the same time, invoice with particular anti-counterfeiting mark is available. So, the manuscript invoice will be replaced.
On the other hand, commerce automation is the trend of modern business. The strengths of chained management are unfolded to us. Whoever grasps and makes best of the information of buying, sold and stock in time, he will be as the industry leader. Only so can he keeps his company competent and never lose to its rivals. So, more and more companies/corporations want to reform their traditional POS (Point of Sales) terminals and its related management system.
The proposed project in this paper was put forward under foregoing circumstances. Advanced embedded technology and communication network technology are adopted into this new type of business POS terminal. Its management system and added-value business system is based on Internet. This new POS is not only a standardized Tax Controlled Cash Register, but also a good tool with many other extension functions. It can work both as a cash register and an intelligent terminal in "POS system" .
Its Internet operation and management mode can fully meet the demand of modern business company. It is a good Company information Platform with features of advanced technology, high efficiency and low cost.
The following tasks are covered in this paper:
1. Design of new POS: MCU of 32 bits, combined with embedded real-time operation system (RTOS) is the main design plan. It has virtue of strong functions and low cost.
2. Design of terminal management system: Internet access of embedded system has been achieved. Network management based on Internet is realized. All the taxation steps such as tax collection, tax check and invoice preparation can completely meet the needs of administration of Taxation. The system' s data security is guaranteed by adopting self-designed appliance layer, encryption operation, double authentication and so on.
3. Design of synthesized business management system: multi and double layers model get used neatly. It features the merits of C/S and B/S. So, it can fully satisfy the flexible management of commerce company/corporation.
4. Design of added-value business platform: this platform can realize
"virtual connection" between different company and different industries if necessary, which is an absolutely creative design.
本文的项目正是在这样的背景下产生，采用先进的嵌入式技术、通信网络技术，设计了一种新型的商业销售终端，以及基于Internet的终端管理系统、增值业务系统。本文研制的新型商业销售终端，既是一个符合国家标准的“税控收款机”，满足“金税工程”的税控需求；又有许多扩展功能，可以胜任现代各种复杂的“POS系统”中收款机和智能型终端的角色。设计的网络运行与管理系统，是一个先进的、高效的、低成本的企业信息化平台方案，完全满足现代商业自动化的需求。
本文主要完成了如下几方面的工作：
1．新型商业终端设计：创新的采用32位MCU，结合嵌入式实时操作系统(RTOS)的设计方案，兼具功能和成本的双重优势。
2．终端管理系统设计：成功实现了嵌入式系统的网络接入，建立起基于Internet的网络管理系统，满足税务部门税务征收和稽查的功能，率先实现网络报税，实现真正的“税收电子化”。并且采用自行设计应用层，并通过加密算法和增加双重身分认证等手段，充分保证数据的安全性。
3．综合业务管理系统设计：综合采用两层和多层结构模型，融合C／S与B／S两种模式的优点，充分满足商业企业(集团)、行业应用的需求。
4．增值业务平台设计：为商业企业实现充分资源与信息共享，达到互惠互利而设计的信息化平台，甚至可以实现不同企业、不同行业的“虚拟连锁”，这是一个大胆的创新设计。
The high-speed development of modern information technology brings profound change to every industry. "Golden Tax Project" is the generalized name of Tax Information Management System Project, which is erected by China State administration of Taxation. The destined intention of this project is to erect a computer network, through which we not only can share information, but also can strengthen the management and monitor of added-valued invoices all over the country. Moreover, it initiates the working principle of "control taxation by invoice" . The first step we should take is settling the anti-counterfeiting of invoice itself. Traditionally, its anti-counterfeiting depends on particular paper and special print technology, which can be mocked easily with the print technology development. In addition, the cost of traditional anti-counterfeiting is very high. We need a reliable system with high efficient and low cost. So comes the Gold Tax Project. Firstly, Tax Controlled Cash Register is introduced into
this project and they will replace the electronic registers that are used now. This new register adopts advanced electronic technology, which can produce Electronic Invoice. At the same time, invoice with particular anti-counterfeiting mark is available. So, the manuscript invoice will be replaced.
On the other hand, commerce automation is the trend of modern business. The strengths of chained management are unfolded to us. Whoever grasps and makes best of the information of buying, sold and stock in time, he will be as the industry leader. Only so can he keeps his company competent and never lose to its rivals. So, more and more companies/corporations want to reform their traditional POS (Point of Sales) terminals and its related management system.
The proposed project in this paper was put forward under foregoing circumstances. Advanced embedded technology and communication network technology are adopted into this new type of business POS terminal. Its management system and added-value business system is based on Internet. This new POS is not only a standardized Tax Controlled Cash Register, but also a good tool with many other extension functions. It can work both as a cash register and an intelligent terminal in "POS system" .
Its Internet operation and management mode can fully meet the demand of modern business company. It is a good Company information Platform with features of advanced technology, high efficiency and low cost.
The following tasks are covered in this paper:
1. Design of new POS: MCU of 32 bits, combined with embedded real-time operation system (RTOS) is the main design plan. It has virtue of strong functions and low cost.
2. Design of terminal management system: Internet access of embedded system has been achieved. Network management based on Internet is realized. All the taxation steps such as tax collection, tax check and invoice preparation can completely meet the needs of administration of Taxation. The system' s data security is guaranteed by adopting self-designed appliance layer, encryption operation, double authentication and so on.
3. Design of synthesized business management system: multi and double layers model get used neatly. It features the merits of C/S and B/S. So, it can fully satisfy the flexible management of commerce company/corporation.
4. Design of added-value business platform: this platform can realize
"virtual connection" between different company and different industries if necessary, which is an absolutely creative design.
引文
[1] 吕京建，肖海桥．面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述．电子质量，2001，08．
[2] 朱晓明．我国实施“金税工程”的作用．林业财务与会计，2003，10．
[3] 田小朋．有关税控收款机国家标准起草背景．信息技术与标准化，2002，11．
[4] 高健．为什么要制定税控收款机标准．信息技术与标准化，2002，11．
[5] 亿利．金瑞卿．国内税控收款机市场回顾与展望．商场现代化，2001，06．
[6] 张力，张彦斌，司刚全．利用ARM+皿C／OS-Ⅱ设计税控收款机．电子设计应用，2003，09．
[7] 辛海涛，张宝禹，辛丽．POS系统与商业自动化．商业研究，2000，08．
[8] 凌伟鸣，陈玉明．商业信息管理自动化与POS系统．商业经济与管理，1996，02．
[9] 丁宜栋．Nucleus Plus在嵌入式系统应用．电子产品世界，2001，03
[10] 贺磊．一种嵌入式实时操作系统Nucleus．信息工程大学学报，2000，04
[11] 嵌入开发网：http://www.embed.com.cn/
[12] ATI公司网站：http://www.acceleratedtechnology.com/
[13] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Plus Refrence Manual [M/CD],1998
[14] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Plus Grafix Manual [M/CD],1998
[15] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus File Manual [M/CD],1998
[16] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Net Manual [M/CD],1998
[17] J．F．DiMarzio．Netware System Structrue and Design．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．
[18] Douglas E．Comer，David L Stevens．用TCP／IP进行网际互连，卷1：原理、协议与体系结构，第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．
[19] Charles Horning. A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks. RFC894, Internet Engineering Task Force, April 1984.
[21] Shear, Davld. Putting an Embedded System on Internet. EDN. 1997, 9.
[22] Gary R．Wright，W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解，卷1：协议，北京：机械工业出版社，2000 15-18．
[21] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[22] 赵海，嵌入式Internet——十一世纪的一场信息技术革命，清华大学出版社，2001．9
[23] 栗大超，宋光德，靳世久．嵌入式系统的Internet互连技术．微计算机信息．2000，06．
[24] 王勇，姚办峰，陈抗尘．一种嵌入式系统接入Internet的方法及实现．电子技
术，2000，09．
[25] 吴晓蓉，汗栋，涂时亮．互连网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现．计算机工程，2001，4．
[26] 何小庆．嵌入式实时操作系统的现状和未来．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2001，3．
[27] 徐凡．网络数据库开发技巧．计算机时代，2002，07．
[28] 薛飞，王同胜．windows环境下基于协议机模型的网络增值服务开发．计算机工程与应用，1997，06．
[29] 郭薇，郭菁．基于CORBA技术的传输网统—网络管理系统．计算机应用研究，2003，11．
[30] 别碧勇，彭为国．嵌入式系统的图形用户界面设计研究．计算机与信息技术，2003，10．
[31] http://www.kaifa.com.cn.
[32] Charles Horning. A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over EthernetNetworks. RFC894, Internet Engineering Task Force, April 1984.
[33] J.Postel. Transmission control protocol. RFC793, Internet Engineering Taskforce, September 1981:10—62.
[34] Edward Finch, Embedded Internet systems: Applications in Construction, Proceedings LGLC' 98, PP42—56.
[35] Michael Barr, Programming Embedded System inC/C++.0' Reily&Associates, Inc, 1999.
[36] 谭浩强，C程序设计，清华大学出版社，1997．
[37] 王春森，程序设计(程序员级)，清华大学出版社，1999．
[38] 陈文运等，网络通信软件设计原理及应用，西安交通大学出版社，2000．
[39] 谢希仁著．计算机网络．大连理工大学出版社．2001年
[40] Arnold Berger．嵌入式系统设计．吕俊译．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．9
[41] Gary R．wright，W．Richard stevens．TCP／IP详解，卷2：实现．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．75—82。
[42] W.Simpson. The Point-to-Point Protocol. RFC1661, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 1994:6—50
[43] Thomas F. An Introduction to 'TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers. Embedded System Conference SanFrancisco 2002:350—370
[44] J .Benthan. TCP/IP Lean:Web servers for embedded system. CMP Books, 2000.15—20
[45] Jacek W. Szymanski. Embedded Internet Technology In Processing Control Devices .2000 IEEE:301—308P.
[46] Steve Kapp, Internet security:The Basics, Embedded Systems Conference Papers. 441 .San Francisco 2001.
[47] Shear, David. Putting an Embedded System on the Internet. EDN. 1997,
9:30—45.
[48] J.Benthan. TCP/IP Lean:Web servers for embedded system. CMP Books, 2000.10—18.
[49] J .Buck and R. Vaidyanathan. Heterogeneous modeling and simulation of embedded system in El Greco. In Proceeding of Eighth International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign. San Diego, California, 2000.
[50] John A. Stankovic. Real—Time and Embedded Systems [J].ACM Computing Surveys 28A(4), Dec 1996.
[51] Robert E. Filman .Embedded Internet System Come Home. IEEE Internet Computing. 2001:42—45P.
[52] Ian Douglas Agranat, Engineering web technologies for embedded applications, IEEE Internet Computing, 1998, Volume 2, Number3, P20-50.
[53] Quninell, Richard A. Web Servers in Embedded System Enhance User Interaction. EDN, 1997, 10:41—56.
[2] 朱晓明．我国实施“金税工程”的作用．林业财务与会计，2003，10．
[3] 田小朋．有关税控收款机国家标准起草背景．信息技术与标准化，2002，11．
[4] 高健．为什么要制定税控收款机标准．信息技术与标准化，2002，11．
[5] 亿利．金瑞卿．国内税控收款机市场回顾与展望．商场现代化，2001，06．
[6] 张力，张彦斌，司刚全．利用ARM+皿C／OS-Ⅱ设计税控收款机．电子设计应用，2003，09．
[7] 辛海涛，张宝禹，辛丽．POS系统与商业自动化．商业研究，2000，08．
[8] 凌伟鸣，陈玉明．商业信息管理自动化与POS系统．商业经济与管理，1996，02．
[9] 丁宜栋．Nucleus Plus在嵌入式系统应用．电子产品世界，2001，03
[10] 贺磊．一种嵌入式实时操作系统Nucleus．信息工程大学学报，2000，04
[11] 嵌入开发网：http://www.embed.com.cn/
[12] ATI公司网站：http://www.acceleratedtechnology.com/
[13] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Plus Refrence Manual [M/CD],1998
[14] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Plus Grafix Manual [M/CD],1998
[15] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus File Manual [M/CD],1998
[16] Accelerated Technology Inc. Nucleus Net Manual [M/CD],1998
[17] J．F．DiMarzio．Netware System Structrue and Design．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．
[18] Douglas E．Comer，David L Stevens．用TCP／IP进行网际互连，卷1：原理、协议与体系结构，第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998．
[19] Charles Horning. A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks. RFC894, Internet Engineering Task Force, April 1984.
[21] Shear, Davld. Putting an Embedded System on Internet. EDN. 1997, 9.
[22] Gary R．Wright，W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解，卷1：协议，北京：机械工业出版社，2000 15-18．
[21] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[22] 赵海，嵌入式Internet——十一世纪的一场信息技术革命，清华大学出版社，2001．9
[23] 栗大超，宋光德，靳世久．嵌入式系统的Internet互连技术．微计算机信息．2000，06．
[24] 王勇，姚办峰，陈抗尘．一种嵌入式系统接入Internet的方法及实现．电子技
术，2000，09．
[25] 吴晓蓉，汗栋，涂时亮．互连网技术在嵌入式系统中的实现．计算机工程，2001，4．
[26] 何小庆．嵌入式实时操作系统的现状和未来．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2001，3．
[27] 徐凡．网络数据库开发技巧．计算机时代，2002，07．
[28] 薛飞，王同胜．windows环境下基于协议机模型的网络增值服务开发．计算机工程与应用，1997，06．
[29] 郭薇，郭菁．基于CORBA技术的传输网统—网络管理系统．计算机应用研究，2003，11．
[30] 别碧勇，彭为国．嵌入式系统的图形用户界面设计研究．计算机与信息技术，2003，10．
[31] http://www.kaifa.com.cn.
[32] Charles Horning. A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over EthernetNetworks. RFC894, Internet Engineering Task Force, April 1984.
[33] J.Postel. Transmission control protocol. RFC793, Internet Engineering Taskforce, September 1981:10—62.
[34] Edward Finch, Embedded Internet systems: Applications in Construction, Proceedings LGLC' 98, PP42—56.
[35] Michael Barr, Programming Embedded System inC/C++.0' Reily&Associates, Inc, 1999.
[36] 谭浩强，C程序设计，清华大学出版社，1997．
[37] 王春森，程序设计(程序员级)，清华大学出版社，1999．
[38] 陈文运等，网络通信软件设计原理及应用，西安交通大学出版社，2000．
[39] 谢希仁著．计算机网络．大连理工大学出版社．2001年
[40] Arnold Berger．嵌入式系统设计．吕俊译．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．9
[41] Gary R．wright，W．Richard stevens．TCP／IP详解，卷2：实现．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．75—82。
[42] W.Simpson. The Point-to-Point Protocol. RFC1661, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 1994:6—50
[43] Thomas F. An Introduction to 'TCP/IP for Embedded Engineers. Embedded System Conference SanFrancisco 2002:350—370
[44] J .Benthan. TCP/IP Lean:Web servers for embedded system. CMP Books, 2000.15—20
[45] Jacek W. Szymanski. Embedded Internet Technology In Processing Control Devices .2000 IEEE:301—308P.
[46] Steve Kapp, Internet security:The Basics, Embedded Systems Conference Papers. 441 .San Francisco 2001.
[47] Shear, David. Putting an Embedded System on the Internet. EDN. 1997,
9:30—45.
[48] J.Benthan. TCP/IP Lean:Web servers for embedded system. CMP Books, 2000.10—18.
[49] J .Buck and R. Vaidyanathan. Heterogeneous modeling and simulation of embedded system in El Greco. In Proceeding of Eighth International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign. San Diego, California, 2000.
[50] John A. Stankovic. Real—Time and Embedded Systems [J].ACM Computing Surveys 28A(4), Dec 1996.
[51] Robert E. Filman .Embedded Internet System Come Home. IEEE Internet Computing. 2001:42—45P.
[52] Ian Douglas Agranat, Engineering web technologies for embedded applications, IEEE Internet Computing, 1998, Volume 2, Number3, P20-50.
[53] Quninell, Richard A. Web Servers in Embedded System Enhance User Interaction. EDN, 1997, 10:41—56.