基于ARM的GPRS DTU的研发
摘要
嵌入式系统是当前最为热门的研究领域之一,也是“后PC时代”最有发展前景的方向之一。目前,它已经被广泛地应用于信息家电、手持通信设备、仪器仪表、汽车、航空航天、工业控制以及数据采集等应用领域,为人们的工作和生活带來了极大的便利。其中,GPRS DTU是嵌入式系统在工业控制和数据采集领域的重要应用,它可以实现将串口数据通过GPRS网络进行数据传输,提供了无线备份链路,增强了数据传输的可靠性。伴随着对智能化的需求日益增长,提出了智能化GPRS DTU的概念。除了原有的基本功能,还需要增加智能化功能模块,比如支持自动心跳、保持永久在线,支持远程登录,远程Web管理,远程自动更新等。这样就极大地节省了后期维护费用,降低了成本。因此,对智能化GPRS DTU的研究具有广泛的意义和良好的商业前景。
本文主要是设计并实现智能化GPRS DTU的应用平台,对关键技术进行了深入研究。首先从理论的层次介绍了嵌入式系统的基本概念和设计流程,在理论研究和项目实践的基础上,总结了抓住本质、分层整合、协同分工、情景分析等学习方法;介绍GPRS DTU硬件平台的组成,以ATMEL公司的AT91RM9200为核心控制单元,以Telit的GM862作为GPRS功能模块,以实现工业级指标要求;总结出Linux下ELF文件转换为binary文件的方法,然后重点解决了U-boot应用于AT91RM9200重映射机制的修正,设计出面向智能化GPRS DTU的嵌入式混合文件系统(Cramfs+JFFS2+Initramfs),针对该文件系统对Linux-2.6.20进行了移植和裁剪;最后以串口/Ethemet数据网关的设计来说明应用开发的基本模型。
本系统研发的关键技术均已获得相应的成果,对智能化GPRS DTU的发展给予了有力的技术支持。
Nowadays, embedded systems are one of the most popular research fields and will be the most promising direction of the Post-PC Era. It's widely used in Information Appliances (IA), hand-held communications equipment, instrumentation, automotive, aerospace, industrial control, data acquisition and so on. It has brought great convenience for people to work and live.
GPRS DTU is an important application of embedded systems in the fields of industrial control and data acquisition. Its function is to transmiss serial data through GPRS network and to provide a wireless back up link. Therefore it improves the reliability of data transmission. With the growing demand for intelligence, the concept of intelligent GPRS DTU is put forward. In addition to the original basic functions, more intelligent modules need to be provided, such as maintaining a permanent on-line by automatic heartbeat, remote access, web remote management, automatic updates and so on. It could save the cost of maintenance and is more cost-effective and therefore the research on intelligent GPRS DTU has broad sense and good business prospects.
This paper is aimed to design and implement GPRS DTU intelligent application platform and to deeply analyze the key technology on intelligent functions. First of all, the basic concept and design process of embedded systems are introduced based on the theoretical level, and some methods are summed up, such as seizing the essence, hierarchical integration, coordination division, scene analysis and so on; second, introduce GPRS DTU hardware platform, which adopts ATMEL's AT91RM9200 as core control unit and Telit's GM862 as GPRS module in order to achieve industrial-level requirement; third, sum up the method to convert Linux ELF format file to a binary file, and then focus on correcting U-boot's unreasonable application on AT91RM9200's remap mechanism and realizing the independence of U-boot's boot mode; fourth, an embedded hybrid filesystem (Cramfs+JFFS2+Initramfs) for intelligent GPRS DTU design scheme is proposed, which is a key module of intelligent GPRS DTU. Meanwhile, port and customize Linux-2.6.20 kernel based on the needs of EFS and applications; finally, illustrate the basic theorial model of application development using design scheme of serial/Ethernet data gateway.
The key technology on research and development of the GPRS DTU intelligent platform has got good results and gives a strong technical support for intelligent GPRS DTU.
本文主要是设计并实现智能化GPRS DTU的应用平台,对关键技术进行了深入研究。首先从理论的层次介绍了嵌入式系统的基本概念和设计流程,在理论研究和项目实践的基础上,总结了抓住本质、分层整合、协同分工、情景分析等学习方法;介绍GPRS DTU硬件平台的组成,以ATMEL公司的AT91RM9200为核心控制单元,以Telit的GM862作为GPRS功能模块,以实现工业级指标要求;总结出Linux下ELF文件转换为binary文件的方法,然后重点解决了U-boot应用于AT91RM9200重映射机制的修正,设计出面向智能化GPRS DTU的嵌入式混合文件系统(Cramfs+JFFS2+Initramfs),针对该文件系统对Linux-2.6.20进行了移植和裁剪;最后以串口/Ethemet数据网关的设计来说明应用开发的基本模型。
本系统研发的关键技术均已获得相应的成果,对智能化GPRS DTU的发展给予了有力的技术支持。
Nowadays, embedded systems are one of the most popular research fields and will be the most promising direction of the Post-PC Era. It's widely used in Information Appliances (IA), hand-held communications equipment, instrumentation, automotive, aerospace, industrial control, data acquisition and so on. It has brought great convenience for people to work and live.
GPRS DTU is an important application of embedded systems in the fields of industrial control and data acquisition. Its function is to transmiss serial data through GPRS network and to provide a wireless back up link. Therefore it improves the reliability of data transmission. With the growing demand for intelligence, the concept of intelligent GPRS DTU is put forward. In addition to the original basic functions, more intelligent modules need to be provided, such as maintaining a permanent on-line by automatic heartbeat, remote access, web remote management, automatic updates and so on. It could save the cost of maintenance and is more cost-effective and therefore the research on intelligent GPRS DTU has broad sense and good business prospects.
This paper is aimed to design and implement GPRS DTU intelligent application platform and to deeply analyze the key technology on intelligent functions. First of all, the basic concept and design process of embedded systems are introduced based on the theoretical level, and some methods are summed up, such as seizing the essence, hierarchical integration, coordination division, scene analysis and so on; second, introduce GPRS DTU hardware platform, which adopts ATMEL's AT91RM9200 as core control unit and Telit's GM862 as GPRS module in order to achieve industrial-level requirement; third, sum up the method to convert Linux ELF format file to a binary file, and then focus on correcting U-boot's unreasonable application on AT91RM9200's remap mechanism and realizing the independence of U-boot's boot mode; fourth, an embedded hybrid filesystem (Cramfs+JFFS2+Initramfs) for intelligent GPRS DTU design scheme is proposed, which is a key module of intelligent GPRS DTU. Meanwhile, port and customize Linux-2.6.20 kernel based on the needs of EFS and applications; finally, illustrate the basic theorial model of application development using design scheme of serial/Ethernet data gateway.
The key technology on research and development of the GPRS DTU intelligent platform has got good results and gives a strong technical support for intelligent GPRS DTU.
引文
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[40]孙丰,张福新.YAFFS文件系统的研究与改进[J].计算机工程,2008,34(5):257-259
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[45]Guanghui Cheng,Qingguo Zhou,Lian Li.A case study of service integration based on embedded system using web services[J].2008 first IEEE international Conference on Ubi-Media Computing,2008
[46]吴骏,肖志涛.基于S3C2410A的嵌入式网络通信系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2008,25(6):1897-1900
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[48]Hung K,Zhang Y T.Implementation of a WAP-based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.2003,7(2):101-107
[49]Othman A.K,Zakaria M,Ab Hamid K.TCP performance measurement in different GPRS network scenarios[J].Applied Electromagnetics,2007,APACE 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on 4-6 Dec.2007 Page(s):1-5
[50]Zhang Yongqiang,Zhao Jichun,Wu Ning.Design and Realization of Embedded Image Transmission System Based on GPRS.International Conference on Intelligent Agents,Web Technologies and Internet Commerce,2006
[51]余波,何为,王平等.基于嵌入式系统的远程多参数监护系统[J].计算机工程,2008,34(6):252-254
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[2]魏洪兴,谌卫军等.嵌入式系统设计师教程[M].清华大学出版社,2006
[3]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2006
[4]Wu Zhifu,Ren Zhenhui,Wu Baozhong.Development of the Electric Energy Collection System Based on Embedded Linux[J].ICEMI 8~(th) International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007
[5]吕鑫,王忠.GPRS数据传输模块的设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2008(9):18-20
[6]Jyh-Cheng Chen,Hong-Wei Lin.A gateway approach to mobility integration of GPRS and wireless LANs[J].Wireless Communications,IEEE Volume 12,Issue 2,April 2005 Page(s):86-95
[7]Yieh-Ran Haung,Yi-Bing Lin.A bandwidth-on-demand strategy for GPRS[J].Wireless Communications,IEEE vol.4,issue 4,2005 Page(s):1394-1399
[8]Jyh-Cheng Chen,Wei-Ming Chen,Hong-Wei Lin.Design and analysis of GPRS-WLAN mobility gateway[J].ICC 2005,vol 2,2005 pages(s):918-923
[9]Yang Musheng,Zhang Yu,Chen Rong.Study on Wireless Remote Monitoring System Based on GPRS[J].WiCOM 08 4~(th) International Conference on 12-14,2008 Page(s):1-4
[10]Yi Wu,Jianyong Cai,Xiao Lin.The design and realization of the wireless video monitoring system based on Embedded Linux and CDMA1X[J].ICESS 2008.Page(s):179-184
[11]Christopher Hallinan.Embedded Linux Primer:A Practical,Real-World Approach[M].September 18,2006
[12]Craig Hollabaugh Ph.D.Embedded Linux(?):Hardware,Software,and Interfacing [M].March 07,2002
[13]Seongsoo Hong.Embedded linux outlook in the PostPC industry[J].6~(th) IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing,2003
[14]毛德操,胡希明.嵌入式系统--采用公开源代码和StrongARM/XScale处理器[M].浙江大学出版社,2004
[15]Atmel Company ARM920TTM Based Microcontroller AT91RM9200 datasheet,Rev.1768G-ATARM-29-Sep-06
[16]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].清华大学出版社,2003
[17]刘森,慕春棣,沈卓立.嵌入式系统开发平台的构建和实现[J].电子产品世界,2002,11(A):63-64
[18]李驹光,郑耿,江泽明.嵌入式Linux系统开发详解-基于EP93XX系列ARM[M].清华大学出版社,2006.
[19]孙志夫,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解-基于ARM[M],人民邮电出版社,2006
[20]Jianwu Zhang,Xiaorong Xu,Bo Li.Design of Data Acquisition System on Embedded Linux with Dual Port Asynchronous RAM[J].2006 1~(st) IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications,2006
[21]柴东岩,侯紫枫,肖政.移动终端Bootloader的开发与设计[J].计算机应用研究,2008,25(6):1917-1920
[22]马学文,朱名日,程小辉.嵌入式系统中Bootloader的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(7):96-97,196
[23]詹荣开.嵌入式系统Boot Loader技术内幕.IBM developerWorks,http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/1-btloader/index.html[EB/OL]. 2003
[24]M.Tim Jones.Linux引导过程内幕.IBM developerWorks,http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/1-1inuxboot[EB/OL],2006
[25]黄荐渠,秦东兴,赵曦等.U-Boot的启动及移植分析[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(4-2):76-78
[26]柴东岩,侯紫峰.引导程序中USB下载功能的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2008,34(6):268-270
[27]潘浩,马艳敏,白瑛等.Bootloader在AT91RM9200系统中的实现[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(1-2):168-170
[28]Kyung Ho Chung,Myung Sil Choi and Kwang Seon Alan.A Study on the Packaging for Fast Boot-up Time in the Embedded Linux[C].13th IEEE international Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications,2007
[29]刘磊,张凤荔,秦志光.基于U-boot构建嵌入式Linux的Bootloader[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(12):238-240
[30]Joseph Praneich.Linux 2.6内核的精彩世界.IBM developerWorks,http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/kemel/1-kerne126/index.html[EB/OL],2003
[31]徐山峰,马立玲,王军政等.基于AT91RM9200的ARM Linux的移植方法[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(5-2):116-117,181
[32]孙天泽,袁文菊,李梅.嵌入式Linux操作系统的移植[J].仪器仪表用户,2005(6):116-117
[33]师娟娟,彭迪.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux移植[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2008,30(2):205-208
[34]Liu Junliang,Pan Gang,Li Ping.Embedded Linux Graphic Terminal Design based on ARM[J].Control Conference,2006,CCC 2006 Page(s):1921-1925
[35]许荣.基于AT9lRM9200的嵌入式Linux系统移植[J].电子技术,2006(3):64-68
[36]M.Tim Jones.Linux初始RAM磁盘(initrd)概述.IBM developerWorks,http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/1-initrd.html[EB/OL],2006
[37]Rusty Russell,Daniel Quinlan,Christopher Yeoh.Filesystem Hierarchy Standard [M].Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group.2004
[38]Rosenblum M,Ousterhout J K.The Design and Implementation of a Log-structured File System[J].ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,1992
[39]韦安.一种嵌入式Linux下混合文件系统的实现技术[J].计算机工程,2007,33(14):57-58
[40]孙丰,张福新.YAFFS文件系统的研究与改进[J].计算机工程,2008,34(5):257-259
[41]San-Pil Moon,Joo-Won Kim.Embedded Linux implementation on a commercial digital TV system[J].IEEE transactions vol48,no4,pp1402-1407
[42]毛勇强,黄光明.YAFFS文件系统在嵌入式Linux上的实现[J].电子设计应用,2006(1):96-98
[43]Xiaofeng Wan,Qiingqing Zhang,Mengfei Fang.SMS Receiving and Dispatching System Based on Embedded Linux[J].CCCM'08 ISECS vol2,pp:475-479
[44]黄天戍,余智欣,袁学文.新型嵌入式Web服务器系统的设计与研究[J].计算机工程,2005,31(11):176-178
[45]Guanghui Cheng,Qingguo Zhou,Lian Li.A case study of service integration based on embedded system using web services[J].2008 first IEEE international Conference on Ubi-Media Computing,2008
[46]吴骏,肖志涛.基于S3C2410A的嵌入式网络通信系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2008,25(6):1897-1900
[47]徐华中,魏海,石勇.嵌入式Linux系统在车载导航中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2007,29(2):24-27
[48]Hung K,Zhang Y T.Implementation of a WAP-based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.2003,7(2):101-107
[49]Othman A.K,Zakaria M,Ab Hamid K.TCP performance measurement in different GPRS network scenarios[J].Applied Electromagnetics,2007,APACE 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on 4-6 Dec.2007 Page(s):1-5
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