我国商业银行制度创新与制度风险控制研究
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摘要
经济体制改革过程中的商业银行制度创新给中国经济和金融业带来了勃勃生机，极大地促进了生产力的发展。然而随着改革的推进，我国商业银行的风险也在不断积累，成为经济进一步发展的障碍。经过这些年的理论探索，我国理论界已基本认同了一个事实：我国商业银行的信贷风险基本上是属于制度风险。本文运用新制度经济学和信息经济学的有关原理，以制度变迁为主线，从制度风险控制的角度对西方主要国家的商业银行制度变革进行了分析，指出商业银行制度变迁的过程就是一个控制制度风险的过程，且这一过程不会停止。为了对商业银行各种制度模式出现的必然性和优劣对比进行分析，本文从历史与理论的角度对产权制度与各种业务经营管理制度的具体形式的结合展开讨论，说明了在制度变迁的不同阶段，一定的产权制度形式和一定的业务经营管理制度模式的组合是历史的必然，具有逻辑上的合理性。
文章接着回顾了我国商业银行制度创新的历程，概括了当前我国商业银行制度风险的特征与成因，最后结合上文分析的结果，得出了我国商业银行制度创新的方向，那就是建立以现代产权制度为核心的现代商业银行制度，并且提出了控制制度风险的措施，即深化制度创新：一是建立现代产权制度，完善法人治理结构；二是建立金融控股公司，实行混业经营；三是改革监管制度，建立以功能型监管为特征的混业监管模式；四是加强银行制度的外部环境建设，建立健全社会信用制度。
Owing to the institutional innovation in commercial banks accompanied by the reform of economic institution, national economy and financial industry of china have been booming, which has greatly promote the development of productivity. However, commercial bank's risk has accumulated and prevented national economy from further development as the economic reform is deepened progressively. After theoretical probe of the past several years, the theory circle has agreed that commercial bank's risk of loan has been caused by the imperfection of institution. According to new institution economics and information economics, the author has a detailed analyses of commercial banks' institution innovation in the western developed countries from the angle of controlling the institution risk, and concludes that institution innovation in commercial banks results from controlling institution risk.
In order to analyses of the various institution models of commercial banks, the author has a comparative discusses about it by compounding commercial banks' property rights' institution with business management institution. On the other hand, it suggests some concrete institution model of business management is reasonable logically.
The author dates back to the history of commercial banks' institutional changes in China and summarizes the current characteristics and cause of institution risk in them. At last, taking above analyses into account, the author thinks that it is imperative to establish modern commercial banks' institution with the core of modern property rights' institution. At the same time, the author puts forward a series of measures for controlling institution risk as follows: firstly, establish modern property rights' institution and improve legal entity governance structure; secondly, establish financial controlling corporation and carry out mixed business operation; thirdly, innovate commercial banks' supervision institution, establishing mixed business supervision model with the characteristics of functional supervision; finally, perfect social credit system in order to strengthen construction of external environment of commercial banks' institution.
文章接着回顾了我国商业银行制度创新的历程，概括了当前我国商业银行制度风险的特征与成因，最后结合上文分析的结果，得出了我国商业银行制度创新的方向，那就是建立以现代产权制度为核心的现代商业银行制度，并且提出了控制制度风险的措施，即深化制度创新：一是建立现代产权制度，完善法人治理结构；二是建立金融控股公司，实行混业经营；三是改革监管制度，建立以功能型监管为特征的混业监管模式；四是加强银行制度的外部环境建设，建立健全社会信用制度。
Owing to the institutional innovation in commercial banks accompanied by the reform of economic institution, national economy and financial industry of china have been booming, which has greatly promote the development of productivity. However, commercial bank's risk has accumulated and prevented national economy from further development as the economic reform is deepened progressively. After theoretical probe of the past several years, the theory circle has agreed that commercial bank's risk of loan has been caused by the imperfection of institution. According to new institution economics and information economics, the author has a detailed analyses of commercial banks' institution innovation in the western developed countries from the angle of controlling the institution risk, and concludes that institution innovation in commercial banks results from controlling institution risk.
In order to analyses of the various institution models of commercial banks, the author has a comparative discusses about it by compounding commercial banks' property rights' institution with business management institution. On the other hand, it suggests some concrete institution model of business management is reasonable logically.
The author dates back to the history of commercial banks' institutional changes in China and summarizes the current characteristics and cause of institution risk in them. At last, taking above analyses into account, the author thinks that it is imperative to establish modern commercial banks' institution with the core of modern property rights' institution. At the same time, the author puts forward a series of measures for controlling institution risk as follows: firstly, establish modern property rights' institution and improve legal entity governance structure; secondly, establish financial controlling corporation and carry out mixed business operation; thirdly, innovate commercial banks' supervision institution, establishing mixed business supervision model with the characteristics of functional supervision; finally, perfect social credit system in order to strengthen construction of external environment of commercial banks' institution.
引文
[1] R·科斯等．财产制度与制度变迁．第1版．上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出版社，1994
[2] 科斯，诺思等．财产权与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度学派译文集．第1版．上海：上海三联书店，1991
[3] 卢现祥．西方新制度经济学．第1版．北京：中国发展出版社，1996
[4] 袁管华．开放条件下的国有商业银行制度创新导论．第1版．北京：中国社会科学出版社，2001
[5] 葛兆强．国有商业银行制度导论．第1版．北京：中国经济出版社，2000
[6] 李文华．商业银行制度论．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2001
[7] Sinkey J. Commercial bank financial management in the financial services industry. 1st edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992
[8] Henderson R. European finance. 2nd edition. New York: McGranw-Hill Book Company, 1993
[9] 伊曼纽尔·N·鲁萨基斯．金融自由化与商业银行管理．第1版．北京：中国物价出版社，1992
[10] 罗清．日本金融的繁荣、危机与变革．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2000
[11] 王江．转轨经济中商业银行制度变革与风险控制．第1版．北京：经济科学出版社，2000
[12] 白钦先．比较银行学．第1版．郑州：河南人民出版社，1989
[13] Joseph S F. Commercial bank financial management. 1st edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992
[14] Lawrence S, William L. Principle of money, banking and financial markets. 1st edition. New York: Basic Books Inc., 1994
[15] Hempel G. Bank management. 3rd edition. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc., 1994
[16] Knight F. Risk uncertainty and profit. 1st edition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1921
[17] Rose, Petter Commercial bank management. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996
[18] Mckinnon, Ronald. Money and capital in economic development. 1st edition. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute, 1973
[19] Michkin F. The economics of money, banking and financial market. 1st edition. New York: Haper Collins College Publishers, 1995
[20] 何孝星．金融混业经营的条件与必然性分析及对我国的启示．经济学动态，2002，(4)：20-24
[21] 李会明．产权效率论．第1版．上海：立信出版社，1995
[22] 杨小凯．经济学原理．第1版．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1998
[23] 黄铁军．中国国有商业银行运行机制研究．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，1998
[24] 钟昌标，胡亮．中国金融制度的非均衡性及改革取向．经济学动态，2002，(3)：35-38
[25] 李扬．关于虚拟经济的几点看法．经济学动态，2003，(1)：11-14
[26] 郭世邦．转型时期国有商业银行制度风险研究．第1版．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1999
[27] 王廷科．经济转轨中的金融观察与分析．第1版．北京：中国经济出版社，2000
[28] 王华光．中国国有商业银行制度构建．第1版．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1998
[29] 王廷科，张旭阳．商业银行的治理结构及其改革问题研究．财贸经济，2002，(1)：51-56
[30] 廖尧麟．我国银行市场结构重组的制度约束与改革模式，当代财经，2002，(3)：24-27
[31] 吴晓求．资本市场解释．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[32] 佟健．国有商业银行与《新巴塞尔资本协议》．财经问题研究，2002，(9)：29-31
[33] 李早航．现代金融监管．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[34] 张立洲．论金融结构、金融监管与中国金融发展．经济学动态，2002，(7)：35-39
[35] Kirsch Clifford E.The financial services revolution.1st edition.IL:Richard D.Irwin Inc.Company,1997
[36] 张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．第1版．上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出
版社，2001
[37] 吴晓求，许荣．金融市场化趋势推动着中国金融的结构性变革．财贸经济，2002，(9)：5-12
[38] Sacks Pawl M,Crawford S.New products,new risks.1st edition.New York: Harper Collins Inc.,1991
[39] 胡松．试论我国网络银行的风险与监管．湖南财经高等专科学校学报，2002，(2)：67-68
[40] Goldsmith R W. Financial structure and development.1st edition.CT:Yale University Press,1969
[41] 虞群娥．金融企业激励机制建设的理论基础与现实选择．财经问题研究，2002，(7)：22-25
[42] 鲁向东，张立洲．金融业走向混业经营的战略构想．财经问题研究，2002，(11)：31-33
[43] Dale Richard.The regulation of international banking.1st edition.Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd.,1984
[44] Heffernan S.Modern banking in theory and practice.2nd edition.New York:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1996
[45] 王兴．论金融动态监管．金融与保险，2001，(8)：68-72
[46] 胡松，刘元发．信贷风险与信用制度建设．理论探索，2002，(3)：63-65
[2] 科斯，诺思等．财产权与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度学派译文集．第1版．上海：上海三联书店，1991
[3] 卢现祥．西方新制度经济学．第1版．北京：中国发展出版社，1996
[4] 袁管华．开放条件下的国有商业银行制度创新导论．第1版．北京：中国社会科学出版社，2001
[5] 葛兆强．国有商业银行制度导论．第1版．北京：中国经济出版社，2000
[6] 李文华．商业银行制度论．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2001
[7] Sinkey J. Commercial bank financial management in the financial services industry. 1st edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992
[8] Henderson R. European finance. 2nd edition. New York: McGranw-Hill Book Company, 1993
[9] 伊曼纽尔·N·鲁萨基斯．金融自由化与商业银行管理．第1版．北京：中国物价出版社，1992
[10] 罗清．日本金融的繁荣、危机与变革．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2000
[11] 王江．转轨经济中商业银行制度变革与风险控制．第1版．北京：经济科学出版社，2000
[12] 白钦先．比较银行学．第1版．郑州：河南人民出版社，1989
[13] Joseph S F. Commercial bank financial management. 1st edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992
[14] Lawrence S, William L. Principle of money, banking and financial markets. 1st edition. New York: Basic Books Inc., 1994
[15] Hempel G. Bank management. 3rd edition. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc., 1994
[16] Knight F. Risk uncertainty and profit. 1st edition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1921
[17] Rose, Petter Commercial bank management. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996
[18] Mckinnon, Ronald. Money and capital in economic development. 1st edition. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute, 1973
[19] Michkin F. The economics of money, banking and financial market. 1st edition. New York: Haper Collins College Publishers, 1995
[20] 何孝星．金融混业经营的条件与必然性分析及对我国的启示．经济学动态，2002，(4)：20-24
[21] 李会明．产权效率论．第1版．上海：立信出版社，1995
[22] 杨小凯．经济学原理．第1版．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1998
[23] 黄铁军．中国国有商业银行运行机制研究．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，1998
[24] 钟昌标，胡亮．中国金融制度的非均衡性及改革取向．经济学动态，2002，(3)：35-38
[25] 李扬．关于虚拟经济的几点看法．经济学动态，2003，(1)：11-14
[26] 郭世邦．转型时期国有商业银行制度风险研究．第1版．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1999
[27] 王廷科．经济转轨中的金融观察与分析．第1版．北京：中国经济出版社，2000
[28] 王华光．中国国有商业银行制度构建．第1版．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1998
[29] 王廷科，张旭阳．商业银行的治理结构及其改革问题研究．财贸经济，2002，(1)：51-56
[30] 廖尧麟．我国银行市场结构重组的制度约束与改革模式，当代财经，2002，(3)：24-27
[31] 吴晓求．资本市场解释．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，2002
[32] 佟健．国有商业银行与《新巴塞尔资本协议》．财经问题研究，2002，(9)：29-31
[33] 李早航．现代金融监管．第1版．北京：中国金融出版社，1999
[34] 张立洲．论金融结构、金融监管与中国金融发展．经济学动态，2002，(7)：35-39
[35] Kirsch Clifford E.The financial services revolution.1st edition.IL:Richard D.Irwin Inc.Company,1997
[36] 张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．第1版．上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出
版社，2001
[37] 吴晓求，许荣．金融市场化趋势推动着中国金融的结构性变革．财贸经济，2002，(9)：5-12
[38] Sacks Pawl M,Crawford S.New products,new risks.1st edition.New York: Harper Collins Inc.,1991
[39] 胡松．试论我国网络银行的风险与监管．湖南财经高等专科学校学报，2002，(2)：67-68
[40] Goldsmith R W. Financial structure and development.1st edition.CT:Yale University Press,1969
[41] 虞群娥．金融企业激励机制建设的理论基础与现实选择．财经问题研究，2002，(7)：22-25
[42] 鲁向东，张立洲．金融业走向混业经营的战略构想．财经问题研究，2002，(11)：31-33
[43] Dale Richard.The regulation of international banking.1st edition.Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd.,1984
[44] Heffernan S.Modern banking in theory and practice.2nd edition.New York:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1996
[45] 王兴．论金融动态监管．金融与保险，2001，(8)：68-72
[46] 胡松，刘元发．信贷风险与信用制度建设．理论探索，2002，(3)：63-65